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| Ecological efficiency in the development of circular economy of China under hard constraints based on an optimal super efficiency SBM-Malmquist-Tobit model |
| MA Xiao-jun1, LI Yu-dong1, WANG Chang-xin1, YU Yuan-bo2 |
1. School of Statistics, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian 116025, China;
2. Asia Australia Business College, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110136, China |
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Abstract In this paper, a novel ecological efficiency evaluation system was proposed which considered both the indicator of ecological resources and the indicator of economic waste caused by environmental pollution. Firstly, an optimized super efficiency SBM model was used to calculate the ecological efficiency of China by introducing the non-expected output in the model. Then, Malmquist index method was used to examine the dynamic changes between Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and ecological efficiency. Finally, Tobit regression model was applied to explore the directions, intensities and dynamic trends of the main factors affecting the ecological efficiency. The new ecological efficiency evaluation system could help us to capture the overall situation of circular economy development in China. By analyzing the annual panel data of 30provinces in China, the empirical results showed that, there existed a gradual convergence pattern in the ecological efficiency from east to west and from the coast to the inland. There also existed a significant step-by-step regional imbalance in the development of circular economy between the eastern coastal areas and the central and western inland areas. The cluster effect of ecological efficiency was obvious, while the radiation effect was not so evident. The development of circular economy was also uneven in either different regions or different provinces of the same region. The deficit in the ecosystem triggered by economic development was gradually reduced, but the contradiction between economy and ecology still existed in the near future, especially in the northwest region. The proportion of tertiary industries, technological progress and market opening level had a significant positive effect on the promotion of ecological efficiency and the impacts were strengthening more and more. Government regulation and population density had a significant positive effect on the improvement of ecological efficiency but the impacts were weakening gradually. The proportion of secondary industries and the structure of energy had a significant negative impact on the improvement of ecological efficiency and the impacts were strengthening more and more.
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Received: 07 March 2018
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