|
|
Characterization of liquid water content during low visibility based on microwave radiometer data |
LIAO Bi-ting1, HUANG Jun2, DENG Xue-jiao3, WANG Chun-lin2, WANG Si-hua1, HUANG Xiao-yun1, SUN Dao-dong1 |
1. Guangzhou Huangpu Meteorology, Guangzhou 510530, China;
2. Guangzhou Climate and Agrometeorology Center, Guangzhou 511430, China;
3. Institute of Tropical Marine and Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510080, China |
|
|
Abstract We characterized the temporal variations of visibility (Vis), relative humidity (RH) and liquid water profile (LPR) during low visibility periods based on the visibility, cloud and microwave-radiometer-detected liquid water content data provided by the national basic meteorological station in Guangzhou from November 2013 to April 2014. Results showed that the occurrence frequency of Vis<10km was 66.37%. Vis ≤ 1km happened when RH ≥ 95%, and 1km 90%. Vis>5km did not occur when RH>95% and Vis>15km never happened at RH> 90%. Low visibility events tended to happen more frequently in the morning than in the evening and seldom occurred during noontime. This was consistent with the variations of LPR in the corresponding period, indicating that low visibility events may correlate positively with the high liquid water content in the lower atmosphere. The integral liquid water content of the atmosphere was generally high when Vis < 10km. The high liquid water content exceeding 0.02g/m3 was normally observed in the atmosphere below 3km, with the maximum liquid water approximately appeared at 1550m height. The liquid water content was relatively low in the case of Vis ≥ 10km, which seldom exceeded 0.02g/m3 and the maximum value of which was usually observed at a height of approximately 2km. Less than 50% of the low visibility events in Guangzhou was introduced by the formation process of low cloud (or low cloud reaching the ground to form fog). When Vis ≤ 1km, LPR was observed to be nearly zero as no liquid water content was detected by the microwave radiometer. Simultaneously, it is worth noting that the ground-level aerosol loading was quite high (PM2.5>88.3μg/m3) when RH > 95% and the atmosphere was approaching saturation condition, suggesting that low visibility events (Vis ≤ 1km) in Guangzhou could be attributed to the combination of fog and haze. This highlights the need for comprehensive analysis of the liquid water content from microwave radiometer measurements, relative humidity, and particle mass concentration in order to further distinguish haze pollution from fog and/or mixed fog and haze phenomena.
|
Received: 17 March 2018
|
|
|
|
|
[1] |
赵柏林,尹宏,胡成达,等.微波遥感低空大气温度层结的研究[J]. 气象学报, 1981,39(4):441-451.
|
[2] |
魏重,林海,忻妙新.8.6mm和3.2cm两个波长地面辐射计探测云中含水量[J]. 大气科学, 1982,6(2):195-201.
|
[3] |
吴兑.宁夏5~8月降水性层状云的宏观特征[J]. 高原气象, 1987, 6(2):169-175.
|
[4] |
Heggli M, Rauber R M, Snider J B. Field evaluation of a dual-channel microwave radiometer designed for measurements of integrated water vapor and cloud liquid water in the atmosphere[J]. Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology, 2009,4(1):204-213.
|
[5] |
赵柏林,傅强,杜金林,等.微波遥感大气特性及天气变化[J]. 中国科学, 1990,20(4):439-448.
|
[6] |
孙霞,银燕,韩洋,等.石家庄地区雾霾天气下云滴和云凝结核的分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(7):1165-1170.
|
[7] |
雷恒池,魏重,沈志来,等.微波辐射计探测降雨前水汽和云液水[J]. 应用气象学报, 2001,12(增刊),73-79.
|
[8] |
李铁林,刘金华,刘艳华,等.利用双频微波辐射计测空中水汽和云液水含量的个例分析[J]. 气象, 2007,33(12):62-68.
|
[9] |
黄建平,何敏,阎虹如,等.利用地基微波辐射计反演兰州地区液态云水路径和可降水量的初步研究[J]. 大气科学, 2010,34(3):548-558.
|
[10] |
唐仁茂,李德俊,向玉春,等.地基微波辐射计对咸宁一次冰雹天气过程的监测分析[J]. 气象学报, 2012,70(4):806-813.
|
[11] |
黄治勇,徐桂荣,王晓芳,等.地基微波辐射资料在短时暴雨潜势预报中的应用[J]. 应用气象学报, 2013,24(5):576-584.
|
[12] |
吴兑,毕雪岩,邓雪娇,等.珠江三角洲大气灰霾导致能见度下降问题研究[J]. 气象学报, 2006,64(4):510-517.
|
[13] |
张利娜,张朝林,王必正,等.北京高速公路大气能见度演变特征及其物理分析[J]. 大气科学, 2008,32(6):1229-1240.
|
[14] |
Deng X, Tie X, Wu D, et al. Long-term trend of visibility and its characterizations in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2008,42(7):1424-1435.
|
[15] |
付桂琴,张迎新,张庆红,等.河北省低能见度事件特征分析[J]. 气象, 2013,39(8):1042-1049.
|
[16] |
孟燕军,王淑英,赵习方.北京地区大雾日大气污染状况及气象条件分析[J]. 气象, 2000,26(3):40-42.
|
[17] |
赵庆云,张武,王式功.空气污染与大气能见度及环流特征的研究[J]. 高原气象, 2003,22(4):393-396.
|
[18] |
马雁军,左洪超,张云海,等.辽宁中部城市群大气能见度变化趋势及影响因子分析[J]. 高原气象, 2005,24(4):623-628.
|
[19] |
Wu D, Tie X X, Li C C, et al. An extremely low visibility event over the Guangzhou region:A case study[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005,39(35):6568-6577.
|
[20] |
梁延刚,胡文志,杨敬基.香港能见度、大气悬浮粒子浓度与气象条件的关系[J]. 气象学报, 2008,66(3):461-469.
|
[21] |
陈义珍,赵丹,柴发合,等.广州市与北京市大气能见度与颗粒物质量浓度的关系[J]. 中国环境科学, 2010,30(7):967-971.
|
[22] |
Chen J, Zhao C S, Ma N, et al. A parameterization of low visibilities for hazy days in the North China Plain[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012,12(11):4935-4950.
|
[23] |
曹伟华,梁旭东,李青春.北京一次持续性雾霾过程的阶段性特征及影响因子分析[J]. 气象学报, 2013,71(5):940-951.
|
[24] |
袁亮,银燕,李琦,等.亚青会期间南京地区气溶胶浓度变化及其与能见度的关系[J]. 环境科学, 2014,35(11):4052-4060.
|
[25] |
祈妙,朱彬,潘晨,等.长江三角洲冬季一次低能见度过程的地区差异和气象条件[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(10):2899-2907.
|
[26] |
沈铁迪,王体健,陈璞珑,等.南京城区夏秋季能见度与PM2.5化学成分的关系[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(3):652-658.
|
[27] |
白永清,祈海霞,刘琳,等.武汉大气能见度与PM2.5浓度及相对湿度关系的非线性分析及能见度预报[J]. 气象学报, 2016,74(2):189-199.
|
[28] |
周奕珂,朱彬,韩志伟,等.长江三角洲地区冬季能见度特征及影响因子分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(3):660-669.
|
[29] |
樊高峰,马浩,张小伟,等.相对湿度和PM2.5浓度对大气能见度的影响研究:基于小时资料的多站对比分析[J]. 气象学报, 2016, 74(6):959-973.
|
[30] |
Wang J K, Mao J T, Zhao C S, et al. A novel four-wave-length transmissometer for distinguishing haze and fog[J]. Journal of Meteorological Research, 2013,27(4):556-565.
|
[31] |
马楠,赵春生,陈静,等.基于实测PM2.5、能见度和相对湿度分辨雾霾的新方法[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2015,45:227-235.
|
[32] |
陈慧娴.近10年佛山市大气能见度变化特征及气象影响因子[J]. 广东气象, 2012,33(1):32-34.
|
[33] |
赵胡笳,马雁军,王扬锋,等.沈阳一次雾霾天气颗粒物浓度及光学特征变化[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(5):1288-1296.
|
[34] |
姚青,蔡子颖,韩素芹,等.天津冬季相对湿度对气溶胶浓度谱分布和大气能见度的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(3):596-603.
|
[35] |
Junge C. The size distribution and aging of natural aerosols as determined from electrical and optical data on the atmosphere[J]. Journal of Meteorology, 1955,12(1):13-25.
|
[36] |
Liu X, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, et al. Aerosol hygroscopicity and its impact on atmospheric visibility and radiative forcing in Guangzhou during the 2006PRIDE-PRD campaign[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 60(6):59-67.
|
[37] |
何镓祺,于兴娜,朱彬,等.南京冬季气溶胶消光特性及霾天气低能见度特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(6):1645-1653.
|
[38] |
刘朝顺,吕达仁,杜秉玉.地基遥感大气水汽总量和云液态水总量的研究[J]. 南京气象学院学报, 2006,29(5):606-612.
|
[39] |
刘亚亚,毛节泰,刘钧,等.地基微波辐射计遥感大气廓线的BP神经网络反演方法研究[J]. 高原气象, 2010,29(6):1514-1523.
|
[40] |
孙学金,秦超,秦健,等.中低云云底高的地基红外遥感的初步分析[J]. 遥感学报, 2012,16(1):172-173.
|
|
|
|