|
|
|
| The characteristic of atmospheric CO2 and CO concentrations based on aircraft observation over Tangshan |
| YANG Qiang1,2, MA Qian-li3, YAO Bo4, YANG Yang1,2, DONG Xiao-bo1,2, WANG Wu-yi1,2, Lü Feng1,2, MAI Rong1,2 |
1. Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050020, China;
2. Weather Modification Office of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050020, China;
3. Lin'An Air Background Station, Hangzhou 311317, China;
4. Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract During November 2018 and March 2019, a high-precision greenhouse gas analyzer and related auxiliary equipment were carried out by Yun-12aircraft to measure the CO2 and CO concentration over Tangshan City from 200m to 4600m a.s.l to study the spatial and temporal distribution of CO2 and CO concentrations over the city. During this observation period, six vertical profiles of CO2 and CO concentration were obtained. The results showed that the CO2 concentration varied from 406×10-6 to 453×10-6, while the CO concentration varied from 27×10-9 to 1135×10-9. For night observations when there were stable mixed layer, both CO2 and CO concentrations reached their maximums at the top of the mixed layer. However, during daytime when there were no obvious mixed layer, both CO2 and CO concentrations decreased with height. Significant correlations between CO2 and CO concentrations were found when the averaged wind speeds were less than that of moderate breeze, and the CO2/CO ratios ranged from 32.2 to 43.9. In the case study on February 2019, both CO2 and CO concentrations elevated when the air mass passed over Tangshan, which indicated the city might be a carbon source in this situation, CO2 flux can be further quantified by mass balance approach or inverse modelling.
|
|
Received: 18 September 2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
WMO. WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin No.14[EB/OL]. https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=5455.
|
| [2] |
Zellweger C, Hüglin C, Klausen J, et al. Inter-comparison of four different carbon monoxide measurement techniques and evaluation of the long-term carbon monoxide time series of Jungfraujoch[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2009,9:3491-3503.
|
| [3] |
Sahu L K, Sheel V, Kajino M, et al. Variability in tropospheric carbon monoxide over an urban site in Southuast Asia[J]. Atmospheric Enviroment, 2013,68:243-255.
|
| [4] |
中华人民共和国.中华人民共和国气候变化第二次两年更新报告[EB/OL]. https://unfccc.int/documents/197666.The People's Republic of China. The People's Republic of China second biennial update report on climate change[EB/OL]. https://unfccc.int/documents/197666.
|
| [5] |
IPCC. Overview of 2019refinement to the 2006IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gases inventories[EB/OL]. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/05/01_2019rf_OverviewChapter.pdf.
|
| [6] |
方双喜,周凌晞,臧昆鹏,等.光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)法观测我国4个本底站大气CO2浓度[J]. 环境科学学报, 2011,31(1):624-629. Fang S X, Zhou L X, Zang K P, et al. Measurement of atmospheric CO2 mix in gratio by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) at the 4background stations in China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011,31(3):624-629
|
| [7] |
Fang S X, Zhou L X, Tans P P, et al. In situ measurement of atmospheric CO2 at the four WMO/GAW stations in China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014,14:2541-2554.
|
| [8] |
Liu L, Zhou L, Zhang X, et al. Characteristics of Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Variation about Four National Background Stations in China[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences, 2009,52(11):1857-1863.
|
| [9] |
Rayner P J, O'Brien D M. The utility of remotely sensed CO2 concentration data in surface source inversions[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2001,28:175-178.
|
| [10] |
段月,程雪玲,华维,等.北京城区二氧化碳时空分布及湍流谱特征[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2018,23(6):725-736. Duan Y, Cheng X L, Hua W, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of CO2 and its spectrum characteristic in Beijing urban area[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 2018,23(6):725-736, doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2018.17132.
|
| [11] |
刘晓曼,程雪玲,胡非.北京城区二氧化碳浓度和通量的梯度变化特征-I浓度与虚温.地球物理学报, 2015,58(5):1502-1512,doi:10.6038/cjg20150504. Liu X M, Cheng X L, Hu F. Gradient characteristicsv of CO2 concentration and flux in Beijing erban area part I:Concentration and virtual temperature. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2015,58(5):1502-1512,doi:10.6038/cjg20150504.
|
| [12] |
You Y, Yi L, Zhao N C, et al. Measuring and comparing in-situ CO2 and CO profiles with satellite observations and model data. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 12(6):444-450,https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2019.1649974.
|
| [13] |
Karion A, Sweeney C, Wolter S, et al. Long-term greenhouse gas measurements from aircraft[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013,6:511-526.
|
| [14] |
Ryoo J M, Iraci L T, Tanaka T, et al. Quantification of CO2 and CH4 emissions over Sacramento, California, based on divergence theorem using aircraft Measurements[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2019,12:2949-2966.
|
| [15] |
唐山地方志办公室.唐山年鉴2018[M]. 北京:新华出版社, 2018:188-193. Tangshan Local Records Office. Tangshan yearbook 2018[M]. Beijing:Xinhua Press, 2018:188-193.
|
| [16] |
蔡博峰,张建军,董文娟,等.中国温室气体排放2015[M]. 北京:中国环境出版集团, 2019:74-75. Cai B, Zhang J, Dong W, et al. China greenhouse gases emission 2015[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Publishing Group, 2019:74-75.
|
| [17] |
盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.大气物理学[M]. 2版北京:北京大学出版社, 2013:135-168. Sheng P, Mao J, Li J, et al. Atmospheric Physics (2nd version)[M]. Beijing:Peking University Press, 2013:135-168.
|
| [18] |
中国气象局气候变化中心.中国温室气体公报[EB/OL]. http://www.cma.gov.cn/root7/auto13139/201904/t20190430_523535.html. Climate Change Center of China Meteorological Administration. China greenhouse gas bulletin[EB/OL]. http://www.cma.gov.cn/root7/auto13139/201904/t20190430_523535.html.
|
| [19] |
王宏,郑秋萍,余华,等.福州市CO时空分布特征与影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015,24(7):1191-1196. Wang H, Zheng Q P, Yu H, et al. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics and the Impact factors of CO in Fuzhou[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015,24(7):1191-1196.
|
| [20] |
陈鹏飞,张蔷,权建农,等.北京地区3500m高空内污染物的时空分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(10):1729-1735. Chen P F, Zhang Q, Quan J N, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants by aircraft sounding in 3500m altitude of Beijing area[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012,32(10):1729-1735.
|
| [21] |
陈鹏飞,张蔷,权建农,等.北京上空气溶胶浓度垂直廓线特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2012,25(11):1215-1221. Chen P F, Zhang Q, Quan J N, et al. Vertical profiles of aerosol concentration in Beijing[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2012,25(11):1215-1221.
|
| [22] |
陈鹏飞,张蔷,权建农,等.北京地区臭氧时空分布特征的飞机探测研究[J]. 环境科学, 2012,33(12):4141-4150. Chen P F, Zhang Q, Quan J N, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of ozone concentration by aircraft Sounding over Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2012,33(12):4141-4150.
|
| [23] |
Gioli B, Carfora M F, Magliulo V, et al. Aircraft mass budgeting to measure CO2 emissions of Rome, Italy[J]. Environ Monit Assess, 2014,186:2053-2066.
|
| [24] |
Font A, Grimmondb C S B, Kotthaus S, et al. Daytime CO2 urban surface fluxes from airborne measurements, eddy-covariance observations and emissions inventory in Greater London[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2015:98-106.
|
| [25] |
Multi-resolution emission inventory for China[EB/OL]. http://www.meicmodel.org/dataset-meic.html.
|
| [26] |
Zhang Q, Streets D G, Carmichael G R, et al. Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9,5131-5153.
|
| [27] |
Li M, Zhang Q, Streets D G, et al. Mapping Asian anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds to multiple chemical mechanisms, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14,5617-5638,doi:10.5194/acp-14-5617-2014, 2014.
|
| [28] |
Zheng B, Huo H, Zhang Q, et al. High-resolution mapping of vehicle emissions in China in 2008, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14,9787-9805,doi:10.5194/acp-14-9787-2014,2014.
|
| [29] |
Liu F, Zhang Q, Tong D, et al. High-resolution inventory of technologies, activities, and emissions of coal-fired power plants in China from 1990 to 2010, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15,13299-13317,doi:10.5194/acp-15-13299-2015,2015.
|
| [30] |
姚波,周凌晞,张芳,等.北京上甸子区域大气本地站四氯化碳(CCl4)在线观测[J]. 环境科学学报, 2010,30(12):2377-2382. Yao B, Zhou L X, Zhang F, et al. In-situ measurement of atmospheric carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at the Shangdianzi Global Atmosphere Watch regional station[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2010,30(12):2377-2382.
|
|
|
|
