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| Developing vehicle emission inventory based on refined annual average vehicle kilometers travelled |
| SUN Shi-da1, JIN Jia-xin1, LV Jian-hua2, SUN Lu-na1, ZOU Chao1, LIU Yan1, LIU Geng1, WANG Ting1, WU Lin1, MAO Hong-jun1 |
1. Center of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
2. Qingdao Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Qingdao 266033, China |
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Abstract Based on the data from the vehicle inspection station, the "VKT-age" curve was introduced to obtain refined VKTs that could be classified according to vehicle type, fuel type, and vehicular emission standards. Three kinds of VKT were applied to develop emission inventories to evaluate how results were affected by the localization and refinement of VKT, including the recommended VKT from the official guide, the VKT only classified by vehicle type, and the VKT simulated by "VKT-age" curve. It was found that the localization and refinement of VKT could significantly reduce the uncertainties caused by VKT and improve the accuracy of emission inventories. The refined VKTs were applied to estimate the vehicle emissions in Qingdao in 2017. The emissions of CO, VOCs, NOx, PM10, NH3, and SO2 are 70.7, 11.4, 28.4, 1.0, 0.8, and 0.8 Gg, respectively. The analysis of the emission composition showed that scrapping older vehicles was still an effective policy for controlling vehicle emissions. By combining with the road network and traffic data, a gridded vehicle emission inventory with a high temporal-spatial resolution of 0.01°×0.01° was developed. The results showed that the emissions distribution varied significantly at different times. Taking NOx as an example, the morning and evening peaks of emissions occurred at 8:00 and 17:00, with the contribution of 8.17% and 7.53% to the daily emissions. The spatial heterogeneity was observed in emissions that decreased gradually from downtown to suburb and showed a line distribution along the freeway.
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Received: 16 October 2019
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