|
|
|
| Elimination of organophosphate esters in A2O process of WWTP and pilot plant |
| ZHANG Dong-rui1, LI Sheng-hong1, ZHU Fen-fen1, LI Cheng-hui1, XU Yi-ping2, QING Da-han2, WANG Jia-wei3 |
1. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
2. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
3. Research Center, Beijing Drainage Group, Beijing 100124, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Many studies have shown that one of the important sources of OPEs in the environment is effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the biological treatment units in WWTP can remove some OPEs. In order to optimize the operating conditions of WWTP to make a better removal of macro and micro organic compounds, a suitable laboratory device is necessary. A set of A2O device was designed and installed in the laboratory and 3kinds of representative OPEs were added into the influent. The results show that the removal efficiencies of OPEs in the units of laboratory device were similar tothat in the same units of WWTP. The removal efficiencies of TBEP under both process conditions werehigh, with total removal rate of 84.6% and 83.6% respectively, while the removal efficiencies of TCPP under both conditions were low. In different treatment units, both TCPP in the anaerobic tank under two process conditions could be remove due to the hydrolysis in the anaerobic tank, and the removal rate in the anaerobic tank of laboratory A2O device (57.7%) was higher than that in the WWTP (25.5%). The removal of TBEP mainly occurred in the aerobic tank, and TBEP removal efficiency (67.9%) in secondary sedimentation tank of laboratory A2O device was higher than that in WWTP. Under twoprocess conditions, the aeration intensity of aerobic tank was large and the added tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) was hard to degrade, leading to the poor removal of TCPP in the aerobic tank. In addition, the sampling quantity of OPEs in A2O device was optimized to ensure the accuracy of the test.
|
|
Received: 12 November 2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
刘琴,印红玲,李蝶,等.室内灰尘中有机磷酸酯的分布及其健康风险[J].中国环境科学, 2017(8):2831-2839. Liu Q, Yin H L, Li D, et al.Distribution characteristic of OPEs in indoor dust and its health risk [J].China Environmental Science, 2017,(8):2831-2839.
|
| [2] |
Richardson R J, Makhaeva G F.Organophosphorus compounds [J].Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 1967,155:1394-1395.
|
| [3] |
Veen I V D, Boer J D.Phosphorus flame retardants: Properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis [J].Chemosphere, 2012,88(10):1119-1153.
|
| [4] |
Stapleton H M, Allen J G, Kelly S M, et al.Alternate and new brominated flame retardants detected in U.S.house dust [J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2008,42(18):6910-6916.
|
| [5] |
Kemmlein S, Hahn O, Jann O.Emissions of organophosphate and brominated flame retardants from selected consumer products and building materials [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2003,37(39/40): 5485-5493.
|
| [6] |
Stapleton H M, Klosterhaus S, Eagle S, et al.Detection of organophosphate flame retardants in furniture foam and U.S.house dust [J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2009,43(19):7490-7495.
|
| [7] |
Wu W, Yang C Q.Comparison of different reactive organophosphorus flame retardant agents for cotton: part i.the bonding of the flame retardant agents to cotton [J].Polymer Degradation & Stability, 2006, 91(11):2541-2548.
|
| [8] |
Reemtsma T, José Benito Q, Rodil R, et al.Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in water and air I.Occurrence and fate [J].TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2008,27(9):727-737.
|
| [9] |
Cristale J, Lacorte S.Development and validation of a multiresidue method for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, new brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants in sediment, sludge and dust [J].Journal of Chromatography A, 2013,1305:267-275.
|
| [10] |
阮伟,谭晓欣,罗孝俊,等.东江表层沉积物中的有机磷系阻燃剂[J].中国环境科学, 2014,34(9):2394-2400. Ruan W, Tang X X, Luo X J, et al.Organophosphorus flame retardants in surface sediments from Dongjiang River [J].China Environmental Science, 2014,34(9):2394-2400.
|
| [11] |
Hou R, Xu Y, Wang Z.Review of OPFRs in animals and humans: Absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure research [J].Chemosphere, 2016,153:78-90.
|
| [12] |
He C, Wang X, Thai P, et al.Organophosphate and brominated flame retardants in Australian indoor environments: Levels, sources, and preliminary assessment of human exposure [J].Environmental Pollution, 2018,235:670-679.
|
| [13] |
Mcgee S P.Statistics Report for: Developmental toxicity of organophosphate-based flame retardants [J].Dissertations & Theses -Gradworks, 2012.
|
| [14] |
Malarvannan G, Belpaire C, Geeraets C, et al.Organophosphorus flame retardants in the European eel in Flanders, Belgium: Occurrence, fate and human health risk [J].Environmental Research, 2015,140: 604-610.
|
| [15] |
沈扬,于畅,孔东东,等.有机磷阻燃剂甲状腺干扰效应及其作用机制研究——以磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)为例[J].中国环境科学, 2018,38(6):2337-2344. Shen Y, Yu C, Kong D D, et al.Thyroid hormone disrupting effects of organophosphorus flame retardants and its mechanisms of action, take TCPP as an example [J].China Environmental Science, 2018,38(6): 2337-2344.
|
| [16] |
Reemtsma T, Weiss S, Mueller J, et al.Polar pollutants entry into the water cycle by municipal wastewater: A European Perspective.Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,40(17):5451-5458.
|
| [17] |
Cristale J, Ramos D D, Dantas R F, et al.Can activated sludge treatments and advanced oxidation processes remove organophosphorus flame retardants?[J].Environmental Research, 2016,144:11-18.
|
| [18] |
Andresen J A, Grundmann A, Bester K.Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticisers in surface waters [J].Science of the Total Environment, 2004,332(1):155-166.
|
| [19] |
Pantelaki I, Voutsa D.Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs): A review on analyticalmethods and occurrence in wastewater and aquatic environment [J].Science of the Total Environment, 2019,649:247-263.
|
| [20] |
梁钪,牛宇敏,刘景富.超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定污水中14种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂[J].环境化学, 2014,1(10):1681-1685. Liang K, Niu Y M, Liu J F.Determination of 14 organophosphate ester flame retardants in wastewater by UPLC-MS/MS [J].Environmental Chemistry, 2014,1(10):1681-1685.
|
| [21] |
徐亮,胡琼璞,刘静,等.上海城市污泥中有机磷酸酯阻燃剂/增塑剂分布的初步研究[J].环境化学, 2018,37(8):1699-1705. Xu L, Hu Q P, Liu J, et al.Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate esters flame retardants/plasticizers in the sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants in Shanghai [J].Environmental Chemistry, 2018,37(8):1699-1705.
|
| [22] |
Pang L, Yuan Y, He H, et al.Occurrence, distribution, and potential affecting factors of organophosphate flame retardants in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in Henan Province, Central China [J].Chemosphere, 2016,152:245-251.
|
| [23] |
孙佳薇,丁炜楠,张占恩,等.污水处理厂中有机磷阻燃剂的污染特征[J].环境科学, 2018,39(5):262-270. Sun J W, Ding Y N, Zhang Z E, et al.Pollution characteristics of organophosphorus flame retardants in a wastewater treatment plant [J].Environmental Science, 2018,39(5):262-270.
|
| [24] |
Kim UJ, Oh JK, Kannan K.Occurrence, removal and environmental emission of organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers in a wastewater treatment plant in New York State, USA [J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(14):7822-7880.
|
| [25] |
Liang K, Liu J.Understanding the distribution, degradation and fate of organophosphate esters in an advanced municipal sewage treatment plant based on mass flow and mass balance analysis [J].Science of the Total Environment, 2016,544:262-270.
|
| [26] |
赵赛,刘世龙,张华,等.污水处理工艺对有机磷酸酯的去除效果[J].中国给水排水, 2018,34(5):88-91. Zhao S, Liu S L, Zhang H, et al.Removal efficiency of organophosphate esters in wastewater treatment processes [J].China Water & Wastewater, 2018,34(5):88-91.
|
| [27] |
Kawagoshi Y, Nakamura S, Fukunaga I.Degradation of organophosphoric esters in leachate from a sea-based solid waste disposal site [J].Chemosphere, 2002,48(2):219-225.
|
| [28] |
李炳荣,曹特特,王林,等.低氧条件下A2O工艺对城市污水脱氮处理的中试研究[J].中国环境科学, 2019,39(1):136-142. Li B R, Cao T T, Wang L, et al.A pilot-scale study on nitrogen removal of municipal wastewater by A2O process under low dissolved oxygen condition [J].China Environmental Science, 2019,39(1):136-142.
|
| [29] |
Lim E T, Jeong G T, Bhang S H, et al.Evaluation of pilot-scale modified A2O processes for the removal of nitrogen compounds from sewage [J].Bioresource Technology, 2009,100(24):6149-6154.You S J, Hsu C L, Chuang S H, et al.Nitrification efficiency and nitrifying bacteria abundance in combined AS-RBC and A2O systems [J].Water Research, 2003,37(10):0-2290.
|
| [30] |
李斯亮,魏亮亮,赵庆良,等.投加聚合铝铁对A2O系统脱氮除磷效能的影响及机制[J].环境科学研究, 2014,27(10):1212-1218. Li S L, Wei L L, Zhao Q L, et al.Effects and mechanisms of polymeric aluminum-iron added of aeration tank in A2O Systems for Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal [J].Research of Environmental Sciences, 2014,27(10):1212-1218.
|
| [31] |
王晓莲,彭永臻.A2O法污水生物脱氮除磷处理技术与应用[M].北京:科学出版社, 2009. Wang X L, Peng Y Z.A2O biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology and its application [M].Beijing: Science Press, 2009.
|
| [32] |
王刚,潘涛,齐珺,等.北京市主要水污染物排放特征及水质改善对策[J].中国环境监测, 2016, 32(2): 81-88. Wang G, Pan T, Qi J, et al.Study on the emission characteristics of main water pollutants in Beijing and measures for water quality improvement [J].Environmental Monitoring in China, 2016,32(2):81-88.
|
| [33] |
李成辉,朱芬芬,张冬蕊,等.污泥中有机磷酸酯检测的预处理优化[J].中国环境科学, 2019,39(1):219-225. Li C H, Zhu F F, Zhang D R, et al.Optimization of pretreatment method for determination of Organophosphate esters in sludge samples [J].China Environmental Science, 2019,39(1):219-225.
|
| [34] |
Meyer J, Bester K.Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticisers in wastewater treatment plants [J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2004,6(7):599-605.
|
| [35] |
Marklund A, Andersson B, Haglund P.Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in Swedish sewage treatment plants [J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2005,39(19):7423-7429.
|
| [36] |
Mabey W, Mill T.Critical review of hydrolysis of organic compounds in water under environmental conditions [J].J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data, 1978,7(2),383.
|
| [37] |
Aubert S D, Li Y, Raushel F M.Mechanism for the Hydrolysis of Organophosphates by the Bacterial Phosphotriesterase [J].Biochemistry, 2004,43(19):5707-5715.
|
| [38] |
Rodil R, Quintana J B, Concha-Graña E, et al.Emerging pollutants in sewage, surface and drinking water in Galicia (NW Spain) [J].Chemosphere.2012,86(10):1040-1049.
|
|
|
|
