北京市冬季重污染期间PM<sub>2.5</sub>及其组分演变特征

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Abstract In this study, the mass concentrations of PM_2.5, water-soluble inorganic ions (Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, F^-, Cl^-, NO₂^-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, PO₄^3-), carbonaceous components (organic carbon OC, element carbon EC) and gaseous pollutants, and meteorological elements were monitored in real time in Beijing urban area from November 27, 2018 to January 15, 2019. At the same time, the concentrations of PM_2.5, its major water-soluble ion components and carbonaceous components in winters from 1999 to 2018 in Beijing, were collected to analyze their variation characteristics. The evolutions of PM_2.5 and its components in the clean days and two typical heavy pollution processes during the monitoring period were mainly discussed. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_2.5 during the study period was 53.5μg/m³, almost lower than those in winters in Beijing since 1999, and the main atmospheric pollution sources displayed a significant change from traditional soot-type pollution source to both coal-fired and motor vehicle exhaust-type pollution sources. High relative humidity, and weak southwest wind were favorable for the formation of heavy pollution. The average concentrations of PM_2.5 during the clean days, pollution episode I and II were 32.5, 138.9, and 146.8μg/m³, respectively. The diurnal profiles of PM_2.5 were different in the different periods. The ion concentrations presented the order of NO₃^- > NH₄⁺ > SO₄^2- > Cl^- > K⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > PO₄^3- > F^- > NO₂^-~Mg²⁺, and their mean total concentration was 24.6μg/m³, accounting for 46.0% of PM_2.5, of which SNA was the most important component, accounting for 83.7% of the total water-soluble ions. The concentrations of carbonaceous composition reached the lowest value in winters in Beijing since 1999, and followed the order of primary organic carbon POC > EC > secondary organic carbon SOC, and the correlation coefficient between OC and EC was 0.99, indicating that the primary combustion source had a greater contribution to atmospheric pollution. NH₄⁺ was enriched in PM_2.5 during the clean days and pollution II, and existed mainly in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃ and NH₄Cl, but lower in pollution I, and existed only as (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃. During the periods of pollution I and II, the formation of SO₄^2- was mainly affected by relative humidity and NH₃during the daytime and nighttime, however, the formation of NO₃^- was mainly affected by O₃ and NH₃ during the daytime_e, and by relative humidity and NH₃ during the nighttime.

Key words： PM_2.5 heavy pollution water-soluble inorganic ions carbonaceous components

Received: 20 December 2019

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	ZHANG Meng
	HAN Li-hui
	LIU Bao-xian
	WANG Qin
	CAO Yang

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ZHANG Meng,HAN Li-hui,LIU Bao-xian等. Evolution of PM_2.5 and its components during heavy pollution episodes in winter in Beijing[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(7): 2829-2838.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/ OR http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/Y2020/V40/I7/2829

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