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| General characteristics and research progress of methane emissions from freshwater ecosystems in China |
| ZHANG Pei1,2,3, WANG Xiao-feng3,4, YUAN Xing-zhong1,3 |
1. Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;
2. Key Lab of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;
3. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Yangtze River, Chongqing 401331, China;
4. College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China |
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Abstract In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive review of the general characteristics of CH4 emissions from China’s freshwater ecosystems based on a newly complied database. The database included CH4 emission measurements from freshwater systems like lakes, reservoirs and rivers in China. In total, it consisted of 1257 sample points: 203 lakes (595sample), 46reservoirs (221samples), and 112 rivers (441samples). In addition, total CH4emissions from freshwater ecosystems in China were preliminarily estimated and evaluated. The result showed that: 1) the averaged CH4 flux of lakes in China was of (1.17±1.87) mg/(m2·h). The magnitude of CH4 fluxes showed a great spatial variation among five lake regions in China. Lakes in Meng-xin region had the highest flux at (3.84±0.57) mg/(m2·h), followed by Northeast region ((2.62±3.54) mg/(m2·h)), Qinghai-Tibet region ((1.94±4.13) mg/(m2·h)), Eastern plain ((0.81±0.90) mg/(m2·h)) and Yun-gui region ((0.19±0.26) mg/(m2·h)). Moreover, CH4 flux from lakes showeda significant latitude pattern, i.e. CH4 flux increased with latitude escalating, that was contrary to the global pattern. 2) CH4 flux in reservoirs ((1.25±1.78)mg/(m2·h)) was similar to that in lakes. Especially, the extremely higher CH4 flux was generally found in reservoir littoral zones ((4.34±4.45) mg/(m2·h)), a big contributor to the reservoir’s total CH4emissions. 3) Riverine CH4 flux was (0.82±1.14) mg/(m2·h), lower than those from lakes and reservoirs. The majority of the researches on riverine CH4 emissions were concentrated in the Yangtze River and Yellow River system, which had averaged CH4 fluxes of (0.98±2.38) and (0.85±0.75) mg/(m2·h), respectively. Lower CH4 emission was found in Haihe system((0.54±0.93) mg/(m2·h)), and scattered researches focused on Liaohe and Pearl River systems, which might lead to a high degree of variations in those CH4 emission data points. 4) CH4 fluxes in freshwater systems of China also showed a seasonal variation. CH4 fluxes from lakes and reservoirs were higher in summer, while riverine CH4 fluxes were higher in spring and autumn than summer and winter. Such seasonal variations were probably affected by precipitation, temperature, and runoff dilution.5) Based on universal extrapolation, we roughly estimated the total CH4 emissions from all lakes, reservoirs and rivers in China were 0.96, 0.29, 0.76Tg/a, respectively, with a total of 2.01 Tg/a, equivalent to 75% of the total CH4 emission from China wetland systems. Given the strong spatiotemporal variability and the uneven distribution of monitoring data, our estimation had a large uncertainty. Nonetheless, we concluded that CH4 flux in Chinese freshwater system was a contributor to regional carbon budget and global greenhouse gas emission.
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Received: 03 January 2020
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