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| A review on aging characteristics, mechanism of microplastics and their effects on the adsorption behaviors of pollutants |
| MA Si-rui1,2, LI Shu-xing1,2, GUO Xue-tao1,2 |
1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China |
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Abstract The objective of this review was to summarize the microplastics aging characteristics and mechanisms, and further the adsorption behaviors of pollutants on microplastics were reviewed. The main conclusions were drawn as follows: (1) The microplastic surface would become rougher after long-term aging, accompanying with some pieces flaking and falling off, which resulted in increasing of specific surface area. Meanwhile, the formation of oxygen functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl. was found after exposure to several factors in environments such as oxygen and sunlight. In addition, the long molecular chains of the microplastics were broken due to aging, which altered their crystallinity. (2) Microplastic aging processes could be found as follows: as for physical aspects, the molecular chain in polymers was destructed by the shear and tensile forces externally and thus the stable structure was destroyed. Photooxidation degradation was the main aging mechanism from the aspect of chemical reactions. On the biological level, the physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics such as roughness, surface charge and surface free energy facilitated the biofilm formation on the microplastics by colonizing microorganisms, which then affected the migration behaviors of microplastics in environments. (3) The adsorption capacity of microplastics to pollutants(heavy metals and organic pollutants) could be enhanced after aging, which were mainly affected by van der Waals' force, electrostatic action, complexation, hydrophobic action and hydrogen bond. In the future, we should pay more attention to the study of the aging characteristics of microplastics in complex environments and their interactions with various pollutants. Exploring the relationship between these pollutants quantitatively and using the models provides the theoretical basis of understanding the behavior and assessing the ecological risks of microplastics in environments scientifically and reasonably.
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Received: 16 February 2020
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