阜新市秋冬季节PM<sub>2.5</sub>中无机元素污染特征及来源

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Abstract PM_2.5 samples were collected at four sites of Fuxin city in October and December 2017 to study the pollution characteristics and sources of inorganic elements in PM_2.5 during the autumn-winter alternation period. The pollution characteristics of PM_2.5 were then analyzed by combining the monitoring data with meteorological parameters. The contents of eighteen elements in PM_2.5 were determined by ICP-MS, AFS-8900 and ICP-AES, and the source apportionment was conducted using enrichment factor (EF) analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The mass concentration of PM_2.5 in winter (56.5μg/m³) was 1.5 times that in autumn, and the mean concentration of PM_2.5 was 47.5μg/m³ during the sampling period. Meanwhile, PM_2.5 shared similar sources with SO₂ and NO₂ to a high degree in winter as compared to the situation in autumn. In winter, the total mass percentage (8.78%) of 12 typical marker elements for anthropogenic sources (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Mg, Ti) in PM_2.5 was 1.45times that in autumn, indicating that PM_2.5 in urban areas was significantly affected by human activities in winter. EF analysis results showed that Cd, Hg and Zn were heavily enriched, with EF values greater than 100. In winter, EF (Cd) reached as high as 532.34, which might be related to the smoke exhaust from the spontaneous combustion of large amounts of residual coal in the open pit 3km south of the city. Moreover, the EF (Cr) in winter was 7.9 times higher than that in autumn. According to the results of source analysis, coal burning, industrial soot, vehicle exhaust, biomass combustion, and soil dust were the main sources of inorganic elements in PM_2.5. In autumn, PM_2.5 had composite sources. The first principal factor accounted for 77.013% of the total variation, and category 1identified in cluster analysis contained 12elements, i.e., Cd, Hg, Mn, Ni, As, V, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ti and Mg. By contrast, PM_2.5 had a wide range of sources in winter, showing the complexity of sources. Therefore, comprehensive measures should be considered to prevent and control PM_2.5 pollution in winter.

Key words： seasonal alternation PM_2.5 inorganic elements pollution characteristics source analysis

Received: 08 February 2020

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