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Effect of sulfadiazine on the nitrogen transformation of aquaponic systems |
HU Hao-dong, GAO Hang, HU Zhen |
Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China |
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Abstract In this study, impact of sulfadiazine, one of the typical antibiotics, on the performance and nitrogen transformation of lab scale aquaponic systems were reported. Results showed that sulfadiazine increased the growth of carps (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus) by 17%, but had significant adverse effects on the growth of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.), which reduced the nitrogen utilization rate of the system from 43.66% to 21.20%, and increased its N2O conversion rate from 1.02% to 1.98%. Sulfadiazine was observed to have short-term inhibitory effects on the nitrification process of the system, however, the ammonia concentration of experimental group was decreased to the similar level as that in the control group after 32 days of adaptation. Furthermore, the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the experimental group increased by 51.43% compared with the control group. The residual sulfadiazine in the fish was 35.23μg/kg, which was below the requirement of national standard, but the copies of sulfadiazine resistance genes sul1, sul2 and intI1 in the water increased by 7.23, 2.74 and 4.12 times. Taking the production performance and environmental friendliness into consideration, the use of antibiotics should be reduced or avoided during the design and operation of aquaponic systems and reasonable alternative measures need to be used to avoid antibiotics induced risks.
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Received: 08 September 2020
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