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| Pollution characteristics of four-type antibiotics in typical lakes in China |
| ZHANG Jing-jing1,2, CHEN Juan1,2, WANG Pei-fang1,2, WANG Chao1,2, GAO Han1,2, HU Yu1,2 |
1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
2. College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China |
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Abstract Based on existing literature data, we analyzed the pollution characteristics of four-type antibiotics used commonly, including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones and macrolides, in 38 typical lakes, which are distributed in eastern plain lake region (31), Mengxin lake district (4), Erlong Lake, Qinghai Lake and Fuxian Lake. The results showed that the four-type antibiotics were ubiquitous in waterbody and sediments of these lakes, and the pollution concentrations decreased as follows:SAs (2147ng/L)> quinolones (QNs, 1458ng/L)> tetracyclines (TCs, 481 ng/L)> macrolides (MLs, 205 ng/L). The antibiotics in sediments exhibited vertical difference, with higher pollution concentration in surface sediment than that in deep sediments. The antibiotics concentrations varied among different lake regions, and in the eastern plain lake region showed higher contamination level. Compared with the inflow rivers, lakes, such as the Gonghu Bay in Taihu Lake and Qinghai Lake, generally showed relatively higher contamination levels, suggesting that lakes serve as a reservoir of antibiotics. Seasonal comparison in pollution levels in waterbody of lakes showed that the antibiotic concentrations in pring, summer and winter was significantly higher than that in the autumn. For example, Poyang Lake, Baiyangdian Lake and Erlong Lake' antibiotic pollution was higher in dry season (April) than in rainy season (August). However, antibiotics concentrations in lake sediments were comparable between different seasons, probably resulting from the migration of antibiotics in sediments.
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Received: 11 February 2021
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