典型工程机械排放碳质气溶胶组成特征研究

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (864 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract This study selected five types of construction machineries, including forklifts, road roller, grader, bulldozer, and excavators, to study the impact of operating condition and emission standard on the composition of carbonaceous aerosols emitted from them. Three running conditions (idling, walking, and working) and three emission standards (pre-stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 of the national emission standard) were considered. Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) were collected, and the carbonaceous components were analyzed using a thermal/optical carbon analyzer. Results showed that the average proportion of organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC) were (70.1±13.2)% and (11.9±7.5)%, respectively. For OC emitted from forklifts, road roller, bulldozer, and excavators, OC1 accounted for the highest proportion of 58.0%±9.5%, while OC2 was the main component emitted from grader, occupied by (42.3±8.1)%. The average value of OC/EC was 12.7±9.5, indicating that the minimum ratio method would overestimate the secondary organic aerosol contribution for the air impacted by construction machinery emissions. The OC/EC ratio varied in 3.0~36.3 for different types of construction machinery. The OC/EC ratios for forklift 3, roller, grader, and bulldozer reached the maximum values of 24.9,15.7,36.3 and 5.3 in walking state, respectively. The ratio for forklift 2 and excavator 2 peaked under operating condition, as 18.1 and 14.9, respectively. The maximum ratio for forklift 1and excavator 3 was for the idle state. From stage 2 to stage 3 of National emission standard, the OC and EC concentrations for forklift decreased by (36433.8±4528.6)μg/m³ (24.6%) and (4209.9±151.4)μg/m³ (19.8%), respectively. The carbonaceous aerosol emission concentrations of excavators decreased by 10582.8 μg/m³ (36.2%) and 2641.1μg/m³ (38.4%), respectively. For the source apportionment and emission inventory of carbonaceous aerosol, the influence of working conditions and emission standards should be considered. The data here can be used to assess and improve the feasibility of source apportionment and emission inventory establishment of carbonaceous aerosol.

Key words： construction machinery PM_2.5 carbonaceous aerosol operating condition emission standard

Received: 01 August 2022

PACS:

X51

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	XIANG Xuan
	KONG Shao-fei
	CHENG Yi
	HU Yao
	SU Wei-feng
	YAO Li-quan
	LIU Xiao-yong
	ZHU Kuan-guang
	DING Feng
	LIU Wei
	QI Shi-hua

Cite this article:

XIANG Xuan,KONG Shao-fei,CHENG Yi等. Study on compositions of carbonaceous aerosols emitted by typical construction machinery[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(3): 1035-1043.

URL:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/ OR http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/Y2023/V43/I3/1035

[1]	范武波,陈军辉,李媛,等.四川省非道路移动源大气污染物排放清单研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(12):4460-4468. Fan Wubo, Chen Junhui, Li Yuan, et al. Study on the non-road mobile source emission inventory for sichuan province[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(12):4460-4468.
[2]	中国工程机械工业年鉴编辑委员会;中国机械工业协会.中国工程机械工业年鉴2020[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社, 2020. China Construction Machinery Industry Yearbook Editorial Committee, China Machinery Industry Association. China construction machinery industry yearbook 2020[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press, 2020.
[3]	Fu M, Ge Y, Tan J, et al. Characteristics of typical non-road machinery emissions in China by using portable emission measurement system[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012,437:255-261.
[4]	Cui M, Chen Y, Feng Y, et al. Measurement of PM and its chemical composition in real-world emissions from non-road and on-road diesel vehicles[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017,17(11):6779-6795.
[5]	Liu B, Zhang J, Wang L, et al. Characteristics and sources of the fine carbonaceous aerosols in Haikou, China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2018,199:103-112.
[6]	Han Y, Cao J, Chow J C, et al. Evaluation of the thermal/optical reflectance method for discrimination between char-and soot-EC[J]. Chemosphere, 2007,69(4):569-574.
[7]	Kleeman M J, Schauer J J, Cass G R. Size and composition distribution of fine particulate matter emitted from motor vehicles[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2000,34(7):1132-1142.
[8]	Gan W Q, Koehoorn M, Davies H W, et al. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and the risk of coronary heart disease hospitalization and mortality[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011,119(4):501-507.
[9]	James G W, Edward A, Frank G, et al. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2004,351(11):1057-1067.
[10]	Pang K, Zhang K, Ma S. Tailpipe emission characterizations of diesel-fueled forklifts under real-world operations using a portable emission measurement system[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2021,100:34-42.
[11]	Liu Z, Lu M, Birch M E, et al. Variations of the particulate carbon distribution from a nonroad diesel generator[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2005,39(20):7840-7844.
[12]	Alves C A, Gomes J, Nunes T, et al. Size-segregated particulate matter and gaseous emissions from motor vehicles in a road tunnel[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2015,153:134-144.
[13]	Matti Maricq M. Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines:A review[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007, 38(11):1079-1118.
[14]	颜欣迪,葛蕴珊,王欣,等.青岛市在用港作机械排放特性[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(12):5018-5028. Yan Xindi, Ge Yunshan, Wang Xin, et al. In-use cargo handling equipment emission characteristics of Qingdao[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(12):5018-5028.
[15]	Huang J, Wang Y, Li S, et al. Experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with ethanol-diesel blends[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009,29(11/12):2484-2490.
[16]	Shi J P, Mark D, Harrison R M. Characterization of particles from a current technology heavy-duty diesel engine[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2000,34(5):748-755.
[17]	Kim Oanh N T, Thiansathit W, Bond T C, et al. Compositional characterization of PM2.5 emitted from in-use diesel vehicles[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2010,44(1):15-22.
[18]	Biswas S, Hu S, Verma V, et al. Physical properties of particulate matter (PM) from late model heavy-duty diesel vehicles operating with advanced PM and NOx emission control technologies[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2008,42(22):5622-5634.
[19]	May A A, Nguyen N T, Presto A A, et al. Gas-and particle-phase primary emissions from in-use, on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014,88:247-260.
[20]	Park K, Cao F, Kittelson D B, et al. Relationship between particle mass and mobility for diesel exhaust particles[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2003,37(3):577-583.
[21]	Sharma M, Agarwal A, Bharathi K. Characterization of exhaust particulates from diesel engine[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39(17):3023-3028.
[22]	Zhang Q, Yang L, Ma C, et al. Emission characteristics and chemical composition of particulate matter emitted by typical non-road construction machinery[J]. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2020, 11(4):679-685.
[23]	曲亮,何立强,胡京南,等.工程机械不同工况下PM2.5排放及其碳质组分特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2015,28(7):1047-1052. Qu Liang, He Liqiang, Hu Jingnan, et al. Characteristics of PM2.5 emissions and its carbonaceous components from construction machines under different typical driving modes[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2015,28(7):1047-1052.
[24]	Liu Y, Zhang W, Yang W, et al. Chemical compositions of PM2.5 emitted from diesel trucks and construction equipment[J]. Aerosol Science and Engineering, 2018,2(2):51-60.
[25]	Yu F, Li C, Liu J, et al. Characterization of particulate smoke and the potential chemical fingerprint of non-road construction equipment exhaust emission in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,723:137967.
[26]	Chow J C, Watson J G, Pritchett L C, et al. The dri thermal/optical reflectance carbon analysis system:Description, evaluation and applications in U.S. air quality studies[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1993,27(8):1185-1201.
[27]	Fung K, Chow J C, Watson J G. Evaluation of OC/EC speciation by thermal manganese dioxide oxidation and the IMPROVE method[J]. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 2002,52(11):1333-1341.
[28]	Cao J J, Wu F, Chow J C, et al. Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi'an, China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2005,5:3127-3137.
[29]	Burtscher H. Physical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines:a review[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2005,36(7):896-932.
[30]	Sippula O, Stengel B, Sklorz M, et al. Particle emissions from a marine engine:chemical composition and aromatic emission profiles under various operating conditions[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014,48(19):11721-11729.
[31]	Wu B, Shen X, Cao X, et al. Carbonaceous composition of PM2.5 emitted from on-road China III diesel trucks in Beijing, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015,116:216-224.
[32]	Zheng J, He M, Shen X, et al. High resolution of black carbon and organic carbon emissions in the Pearl River Delta region, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012,438:189-200.
[33]	Lei Y, Zhang Q, He K B, et al. Primary anthropogenic aerosol emission trends for China, 1990~2005[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011,11(3):931-954.
[34]	Chow J C, Watson J G, Kuhns H, et al. Source profiles for industrial, mobile, and area sources in the big bend regional aerosol visibility and observational study[J]. Chemosphere, 2004,54(2):185-208.
[35]	Cao J J, Lee S C, Ho K F, et al. Characterization of roadside fine particulate carbon and its eight fractions in Hong Kong[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2006,6(2):106-122.
[36]	Wang P, Cao J, Shen Z, et al. Spatial and seasonal variations of PM2.5 mass and species during 2010 in Xi'an, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015,508:477-487.
[37]	Safai P D, Raju M P, Rao P S P, et al. Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols over the urban tropical location and a new approach to evaluate their climatic importance[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014,92:493-500.
[38]	Hu Q, Huang C, Qiao L, et al. Speciated PM composition and gas and particle emission factors for diesel construction machinery in China[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2019,19(8):1820-1833.
[39]	Castro L M, Pio C A, Harrison R M, et al. Carbonaceous aerosol in urban and rural European atmospheres:estimation of secondary organic carbon concentrations[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1999, 33(17):2771-2781.
[40]	Zhang L, Luo Z, Xiong R, et al. Mass absorption efficiency of Black Carbon from residential solid fuel combustion and its association with carbonaceous fractions[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2021,55(15):10662-10671.
[41]	Wei L, Geng P. A review on natural gas/diesel dual fuel combustion, emissions and performance[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2016, 142:264-278.
[42]	Kweon C-B, Okada S, Stetter J C, et al. Effect of injection timing on detailed chemical composition and particulate size distributions of diesel exhaust[C]//JSAE/SAE International Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 2003.