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| Human health risk assessment of antibiotics in the water environment of Yangtze River Economic Belt |
| CHEN Yu-ru1, DUAN Yan-ping1,2, ZHANG Zhi-bo1, TU Yao-jen1,2, GAO Jun1,2 |
1. College of Environmental and Geography Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
2. Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Shanghai 200234, China |
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Abstract In this study, 33 surface water and 50 fish samples were collected from 5 cities (Yibin, Chongqing, Yichang, Wuhan, and Shanghai) from the upstream to the downstream of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The concentration levels of 26 antibiotics in the samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS). The distribution characteristics, sources, and influencing factors of target antibiotics in surface water and fish in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and their relationship with urban characteristics were analyzed in detail, and the health risks of target antibiotics were evaluated according to risk entropy (RQ). The results showed that a total of 18 kinds of antibiotics were detected in surface water and fish, with a total range of 0.01~80.37ng/L and n.d.~8.93μg/kg, respectively. The surface water was dominated by sulfonamides, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol antibiotics, and the flufenicol (FF) had the highest average value (61.33ng/L). The fish body was dominated by tetracycline and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and aureomycin (CTC) had the highest average value (17.35μg/kg). The spatial distribution of total antibiotic volume showed the trend of upper reaches > middle reaches > lower reaches. The antibiotic content was positively correlated with the body size (body length and body weight) of fish, and the antibiotic content of fish with different ecological habits and feeding habits was in the order of middle lower layer > middle upper layer > benthic fish and herbivorous > carnivorous > omnivorous fish. The correlation analysis results between antibiotic concentration level and urbanization characteristics showed that antibiotic content was positively correlated with the proportion of primary and secondary industries in GDP. The results of principal component analysis and redundancy analysis showed that the main pollution sources of antibiotics were aquaculture wastewater and domestic sewage discharge. The results of the health risk assessment showed that the total health risk entropy (RQ) of people of all ages was less than 0.1through drinking water and eating fish exposure routes, indicating that they were at low risk. The risk in Wuhan and Yibin was relatively high, and the risk degree increased with the decrease in age. RQ values of fish with different feeding habits and ecological habits showed that the risk of herbivorous, lower-middle, and bottom-dwelling fish was relatively low.
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Received: 28 November 2022
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