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| Temporal and spatial variation of heavy metals in coastal wetlands around the Bohai Sea and analysis of their sources |
| JIAN Rui-feng1,2, YUE Fu-jun3,4, ZHU Zhao-zhou2, LIU Xiao-long2, ZHANG Lu-yao1,2 |
1. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;
2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;
3. School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
4. Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300450, China |
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Abstract In this study, published data was collected and Nemerow index, pollution load index and principal component analysis methods were utilized to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of heavy metals, pollution levels and sources. The results provided important information for the prevention, control and management of heavy metal pollution in coastal wetlands around the Bohai Sea. The results indicated that between 2000 and 2020, the concentrations of As, Pb, Cd and Cu in the coastal wetlands of the Bohai Sea exhibited an increase while those of Cr, Hg and Zn showed a decrease. In terms of wetland surface sediment composition, changes in As and Ni were minimal whereas contents of Cr, Cu, Zn and Hg increased while those of Pb and Cd decreased. Additionally, there was an increase in Cr and Zn content within the surface wetland soil while contents of As, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd and Zn decreased. The single-factor pollution levels of Cd and Hg in heavy metals in coastal wetlands around the Bohai Sea were high, which were 2.67 and 2.57. In the 2010s, the levels of heavy metal pollution in the coastal wetlands of the Bohai Sea were high, and the Nemerow index and Pollution Load index of water, sediment and soil were 1.53, 4.49, 2.52 and 0.34, 0.96, 1.44, whereas they remained at a low level in China's three economic regions. Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, As have minimal impact on the environment of the coastal wetlands of the Bohai Sea as they were primarily derived from natural sources and only a minor contribution from anthropogenic sources. Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn and As had a limited impact on the environment of coastal wetlands in the Bohai Sea due to their predominantly natural sources with minor anthropogenic sources; whereas Hg, Pb and Cd posed significant environmental risks to these wetlands primarily as a result of heavy industries and light industries closely linked to them.
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Received: 29 March 2023
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