|
|
|
| Research progress on reductive degradation of PFAS in water by hydrated electron |
| YANG Ye1,2, BAO Yi-xiang2, HU Jia-min2, WU Min2, ZHONG Jin-kui1,3, LI Jing-feng2 |
1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy, Beijing 102211, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have garnered global attention in recent years, they have strong persistence, bioaccumulation and pose significant risks to human health and the ecological environment. However, PFAS are resistant to degradation by conventional advanced oxidation technologies, This poses a challenge to existing water treatment systems. Hydrated electron (eaq‾) has emerged as a potent reducing agent with a high affinity for PFAS. Several technologies, such as UV/sulfite and UV/potassium iodide, have been developed to generate hydrated electron through photo-induced reactions. These technologies effectively break the carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds, leading to the degradation of PFAS. This article provides an analysis and summary of the progress in research, development and technical advantages and disadvantages of various photo-generated hydrated electron reduction technologies for PFAS degradation in water. It delves into the influence of water quality parameters (e.g., pH, dissolved oxygen, coexisting substances, temperature) and molecular structures (e.g., carbon atom number, functional groups, heteroatoms) on the efficiency and pathways of PFAS degradation. Additionally, it discusses the major challenges and future directions for fundamental research and engineering applications in this field. The aim is to provide a technical reference for achieving efficient PFAS degradation in water.
|
|
Received: 19 June 2023
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
Liu C J, Mckay G, Jiang D, et al. Pilot-scale field demonstration of a hybrid nanofiltration and UV-sulfite treatment train for groundwater contaminated by per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) [J]. Water Research, 2021,205:117677.
|
| [2] |
Al Amin M, Sobhani Z, Liu Y, et al. Recent advances in the analysis of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-A review [J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2020,19:100879.
|
| [3] |
牛军峰,王冲,商恩香.水中全氟化合物电化学去除技术研究进展[J]. 中国科学:技术科学, 2017,47(12):1233-1255. Niu J F, Wang C, Shang E X. Removal of perfluorinated compounds from wastewaters by electrochemical methods:A general review (in Chinese) [J]. Sci Sin Tech, 2017,47(12):1233-1255.
|
| [4] |
Fujii S, Polprasert C, Tanaka S, et al. New POPs in the water environment:distribution, bioaccumulation and treatment of perfluorinated compounds-a review paper [J]. Journal of Water Supply:Research and Technology, 2007,56(5):313-326.
|
| [5] |
Lu D N, Sha S, Luo J Y, et al. Treatment train approaches for the remediation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS):A critical review [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020,386(15):121963.
|
| [6] |
魏健,徐晓月,郭壮,等.全氟辛酸光催化材料应用及降解机理研究进展[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2023,13(3):1127-1138. Wei J, Xu X Y, Guo Z, et al. Research progress in the application and degradation mechanism of perfluorooctanoic acid photocatalytic materials [J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2023, 13(3):1127-1138.
|
| [7] |
Ding G, Willie J G M P. Physicochemical properties and aquatic toxicity of poly-and perfluorinated compounds [J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2013,43(6):598-678.
|
| [8] |
Lindstrom A B, Strynar M J, Libelo E L. Polyfluorinated compounds:past, present, and future. [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011,45(19):7954-7961.
|
| [9] |
Pinkard B, Sharp N, Strathmann T, et al. Bridging the gap-university, startup, and industry partnership to destroy per-and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) forever chemicals [J]. iScience, 2021,24(8):102904.
|
| [10] |
Miner K R, Clifford H, Taruscio T, et al. Deposition of PFAS ‘forever chemicals’ on Mt. Everest [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,759:144421.
|
| [11] |
田富箱,徐斌,夏圣骥,等.饮用水中全氟化合物(PFCs)的控制研究进展[J]. 中国给水排水, 2010,26(12):28-32. Tian F X, Xu B, Xia S J, et al. Research progress in control of perfluorochemicals in drinking water [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2010,26(12):28-32.
|
| [12] |
Veciana M, Bräunig J, Farhat A, et al. Electrochemical oxidation processes for PFAS removal from contaminated water and wastewater:fundamentals, gaps and opportunities towards practical implementation [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,434:128886.
|
| [13] |
Paul A G, Jones K C, Sweetman A J. A first global production, emission, and environmental inventory for perfluorooctane sulfonate. [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009,43(2):386-392.
|
| [14] |
Xie S W, Wang T Y, Liu S J, et al. Industrial source identification and emission estimation of perfluorooctane sulfonate in China [J]. Environment International, 2013,52:1-8.
|
| [15] |
Baluyot J C, Reyes E M, Velarde M C. Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as contaminants of emerging concern in Asia's freshwater resources [J]. Environmental Research, 2021,197:111122.
|
| [16] |
Baker E S, Knappe D R U. Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminants of emerging concern [J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2022,414(3):1187-1188.
|
| [17] |
Ahrens L, Harner T, Shoeib M, et al. Improved characterization of gas-particle partitioning for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere using annular diffusion denuder samplers. [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012,46(13):7199-7206.
|
| [18] |
Zhu X J, Song X, Schwarzbauer J. First insights into the formation and long-term dynamic behaviors of nonextractable perfluorooctanesul fonate and its alternative 6:2chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate residues in a silty clay soil [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,761:133220.
|
| [19] |
叶童,张霖琳,袁懋.全球地表水中全氟和多氟烷基化合物污染特征演替[J]. 环境监控与预警, 2022,14(5):1-9. Ye T, Zhang L L, Yuan M. Succession of perfluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkylated substances pollution characteristics in global surface water [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning, 2022,14(5):1-9.
|
| [20] |
张杰,赵璞君,夏星辉.河流不同分子量溶解性有机质对全氟化合物赋存形态的影响[J]. 环境科学研究, 2022,35(9):2058-2066. Zhang J, Zhao P J, Xia X H. Effects of different molecular weight dissolved organic matter on occurrence form of polyfluoroalkyl substances in river [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2022, 35(9):2058-2066.
|
| [21] |
Bao Y X, Cagnetta G, Huang J, et al. Degradation of hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomer acids as PFOA alternatives in simulated nanofiltration concentrate:Effect of molecular structure [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020,382(C):122866.
|
| [22] |
Li J, Pinkard B R, Wang S, et al. Review:Hydrothermal treatment of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) [J]. Chemosphere, 2022, 307:135888.
|
| [23] |
宋彦敏,周连宁,郝文龙,等.全氟化合物的污染现状及国内外研究进展[J]. 环境工程, 2017,35(10):82-86. Song Y M, Zhou L N, Hao W L, et al. Pollution status and related research progress of perfluorinated compounds [J]. Environmental Engineering, 2017,35(10):82-86.
|
| [24] |
Pan C G, Ying G G, Zhao J L, et al. Spatiotemporal distribution and mass loadings of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River of China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014,493:580-587.
|
| [25] |
Valsecchi S, Rusconi M, Mazzoni M, et al. Occurrence and sources of perfluoroalkyl acids in Italian river basins [J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 129:125-134.
|
| [26] |
姜忠峰,梁峰,刘艳伟,等.全氟化合物的危害和治理[J]. 生态经济, 2022,38(4):5-8. Jiang Z F, Liang F, Liu Y W, et al. Hazards and management of perfluorinated compounds [J]. Ecological Economy, 2022,38(4):5-8.
|
| [27] |
郭萌萌,谭志军,吴海燕,等.全氟羧酸及其前体物质的环境分布,毒性和生物转化研究进展[J]. 中国渔业质量与标准, 2018,8(4):25-37. Guo M M, Tan Z J, Wu H Y, et al. Perfluorocarboxylic acids and their precursors:environmental distribution, toxicity and biotransformation [J]. Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards, 2018,8(4):25-37.
|
| [28] |
杨琳,李敬光.全氟化合物前体物质生物转化与毒性研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2015,34(4):649-655. Yang L, Li J G. Perfluorinated compound precursors:Biotransformation and toxicity [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015,34(4):649-655.
|
| [29] |
Grandjean P, Timmermann C, Kruse M, et al. Severity of COVID-19at elevated exposure to perfluorinated alkylates [J]. PloS One, 2020, 15(12):e244815.
|
| [30] |
许罗,林秋风,李聪,等.典型全氟化合物污染现状及其处理技术研究进展[J]. 中国给水排水, 2022,38(10):56-62. Xu L, Lin Q F, Li C, et al. Current situation of typical perfluorinated compounds pollution and its treatment technology progress [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2022,38(10):56-62.
|
| [31] |
Epa U S E P. Drinking water health advisories (HAs) [S]. 2022.
|
| [32] |
Jian J M, Zhang C, Wang F, et al. Effect of solution chemistry and aggregation on adsorption of perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS) to nano-sized alumina [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,251:425-433.
|
| [33] |
Abunada Z, Alazaiza M Y D, Bashir M J. An overview of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment:source, fate, risk and regulations [J]. Water, 2020,12:3590-3618.
|
| [34] |
GB 5749-2022生活饮用水卫生标准[S]. GB 5749-2022 Drinking water hygiene standards [S].
|
| [35] |
Kurwadkar S, Dane J, Kanel S R, et al. Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater:A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022,809:151003.
|
| [36] |
Pauletto P S, Bandosz T J. Activated carbon versus metal-organic frameworks:A review of their PFAS adsorption performance [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,425:127810.
|
| [37] |
Zhang D Q, Zhang W L, Liang Y N. Adsorption of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from aqueous solution-A review [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,694:133606.
|
| [38] |
王飞,李晓明,李建勇,等.水中全氟化合物的污染处理研究进展[J]. 水处理技术, 2016,42(11):5-11. Wang F, Li X M, Li J Y, et al. Research progress on degradation of perfluorinated compounds in water [J]. Technology of Water Treatment, 2016,42(11):5-11.
|
| [39] |
Hogue C. Persistent pollutants incinerators may spread, not break down, PFAS preliminary data show soil and water near New York facility are contaminated [J]. Chemical and engineering news:"news edition" of the American Chemical Society, 2020,98(17):15.
|
| [40] |
Alalm M G, Boffito D C. Mechanisms and pathways of PFAS degradation by advanced oxidation and reduction processes:A critical review [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022,450:138352.
|
| [41] |
Zhang Z M, Sarkar D, Biswas J K, et al. Biodegradation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS):A review [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2022,344(PtB):126223.
|
| [42] |
Chen C L, Fang Y P, Cui X C, et al. Effects of trace PFOA on microbial community and metabolisms:Microbial selectivity, regulations and risks [J]. Water Research, 2022,226:119273.
|
| [43] |
Shaw D M J, Gabriel M, Bottos E M, et al. Degradation and defluorination of 6:2fluorotelomer sulfonamidoalkyl betaine and 6:2fluorotelomer sulfonate by Gordonia sp. strain NB4-1Y under sulfur-limiting conditions [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,647:690-698.
|
| [44] |
D'Agostino L A, Mabury S A. Aerobic biodegradation of 2fluorotelomer sulfonamide-based aqueous film-forming foam components produces perfluoroalkyl carboxylates [J]. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2017,36(8):2012-2021.
|
| [45] |
Wanninayake D M. Comparison of currently available PFAS remediation technologies in water:A review [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2021,283:111977.
|
| [46] |
Rayaroth M P, Aravindakumar C T, Charuvila T, et al. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based wastewater treatment-unexpected nitration side reactions-a serious environmental issue:A review [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021,430(4):133002.
|
| [47] |
Cao H M, Zhang W L, Wang C P, et al. Sonochemical degradation of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances-A review [J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2020,69:105245.
|
| [48] |
Rayaroth M P, Aravind U K, Aravindakumar C T. Degradation of pharmaceuticals by ultrasound-based advanced oxidation process [J]. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2016,14(3):259-290.
|
| [49] |
Lin A Y, Panchangam S C, Chang C, et al. Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate via ozonation under alkaline condition [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012,243:272-277.
|
| [50] |
Zhang Y Y, Liu J X, Moores A, et al. Transformation of 6:2fluorotelomer sulfonate by cobalt(II)-activated peroxymonosulfate [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,54(7):4631-4640.
|
| [51] |
张春晖,刘育,唐佳伟,等.典型工业废水中全氟化合物处理技术研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(3):1109-1118. Zhang C H, Liu Y, Tang J W, et al. Progress of research on treatment technology of perfluorinated compounds in typical industrial wastewater [J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(3):1109-1118.
|
| [52] |
Zhang Y Y, Moores A, Liu J X, et al. New Insights into the degradation mechanism of perfluorooctanoic acid by persulfate from density functional theory and experimental data [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019,15(53):8672-8681.
|
| [53] |
Sun B, Ma J, Sedlak D L. Chemisorption of perfluorooctanoic acid on powdered activated carbon initiated by persulfate in aqueous solution [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,50(14):7618-7624.
|
| [54] |
Santos A, Rodríguez S, Pardo F, et al. Use of Fenton reagent combined with humic acids for the removal of PFOA from contaminated water [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,563-564:657-663.
|
| [55] |
Yadav S, Ibrar I, AlJuboori R A, et al. Updated review on emerging technologies for PFAS contaminated water treatment [J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2022,182:667-700.
|
| [56] |
Nzeribe B N, Crimi M, Mededovic Thagard S M, et al. Physico-chemical processes for the treatment of per-And polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS):A review [J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019,49(10):866-915.
|
| [57] |
Ahmed M B, Alam M M, Zhou J L, et al. Advanced treatment technologies efficacies and mechanism of per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances removal from water [J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020,136:1-14.
|
| [58] |
Bao Y X, Huang J, Cagnetta G, et al. Removal of F-53B as PFOS alternative in chrome plating wastewater by UV/Sulfite reduction [J]. Water Research, 2019,163(C):114907.
|
| [59] |
Song Z, Tang H Q, Wang N, et al. Reductive defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid by hydrated electrons in a sulfite-mediated UV photochemical system [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013, 262:332-338.
|
| [60] |
Hogarth J, Hannay J B. On the solubility of solids in gases [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 1879,29:324-329.
|
| [61] |
顾玉蓉,董文艺,刘彤宙.高效水处理还原剂水合电子的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2017,37(8):1-5. Gu Y R, Dong W Y, Liu T Z. Research progress in the hydrated electron as a kind of efficient water treatment reductant [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2017,37(8):1-5.
|
| [62] |
Turi L, Rossky P J. Theoretical studies of spectroscopy and dynamics of hydrated electrons [J]. Chemical Reviews, 2012,112(11):5641-5674.
|
| [63] |
Kevan L. Solvated electron structure in glassy matrices [J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 1981,14(5):138-145.
|
| [64] |
Herbert M J, Coons P M. The hydrated electron [J]. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, 2017,68(1):447-472.
|
| [65] |
Tay K A, Boutin A. Hydrated electron diffusion:The importance of hydrogen-bond dynamics [J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2009, 113(35):11943-11949.
|
| [66] |
Gu Y R, Liu T Z, Wang H J, et al. Hydrated electron based decomposition of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the VUV/sulfite system [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017,607-608:541-548.
|
| [67] |
Li X C, Ma J, Liu G F, et al. Efficient reductive dechlorination of monochloroacetic acid by sulfite/UV process [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012,46(13):7342-7349.
|
| [68] |
Ckstrom H B. The chain-reaction theory of negative catalysis1[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1927,49(6):1460-1472.
|
| [69] |
Liu F Q, Guan X H, Xiao F. Photodegradation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water:A review of fundamentals and applications [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,439:129580.
|
| [70] |
Deister U, Warneck P. Photooxidation of sulfite (SO32-) in aqueous solution [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1990,94(5):2191-2198.
|
| [71] |
Fischer M, Warneck P. Photodecomposition and photooxidation of hydrogen sulfite in aqueous solution [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1996,100(37):15111-15117.
|
| [72] |
Zoschke K, Boernick H, Worch E. Vacuum-UV radiation at 185nm in water treatment-a review [J]. Water Research, 2014,52(apr.1):131-145.
|
| [73] |
Eriksen, Trygve E. pH Effects on the pulse radiolysis of deoxygenated aqueous solutions of sulphur dioxide [J]. Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions, 1974,70:208-215.
|
| [74] |
Myran C S, Robert A C, Ilya A S. Electron photodetachment from aqueous anions.1.quantum yields for generation of hydrated electron by 193 and 248nm laser photoexcitation of miscellaneous inorganic anions [J]. The journal of physical chemistry, A. Molecules, spectroscopy, kinetics, environment, & general theory, 2004,108(25):5490-5502.
|
| [75] |
Jin L, Zhang P Y. Photochemical decomposition of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in an anoxic alkaline solution by 185nm vacuum ultraviolet [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015,280:241-247.
|
| [76] |
韩慧丽,王宏杰,董文艺.真空紫外-亚硫酸盐法降解PFOS影响因素[J]. 环境科学, 2017,38(4):1477-1482. Han H L, Wang H J, Dong W Y. Influencing factors on the degradation of PFOS through VUV-SO32- [J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(4):1477-1482.
|
| [77] |
Bao Y X, Deng S S, Jiang X S, et al. Degradation of PFOA substitute:GenX (HFPO-DA Ammonium Salt):oxidation with UV/persulfate or reduction with UV/sulfite? [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,20(52):11728-11734.
|
| [78] |
Hori H, Yamamoto A, Hayakawa E, et al. Efficient decomposition of environmentally persistent perfluorocarboxylic acids by use of persulfate as a photochemical oxidant. [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005,39(7):2383-2388.
|
| [79] |
Zhang K L, Cao Z G, Huang J, et al. Mechanochemical destruction of Chinese PFOS alternative F-53B [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016,286:387-393.
|
| [80] |
Xie L P, Yang Y J, Lian Q T, et al. Study on treatment of chromium(Cr(VI)) in mixed electroplating wastewater by several sulfurous oxysalts [J]. Electroplating & Pollution Control, 2008,1(28):37-39.
|
| [81] |
Yan X, Liu X, Qi C, et al. Mechanochemical destruction of a chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B, a PFOS alternative) assisted by sodium persulfate [J]. RSC Advances, 2015,5(104):85785-85790.
|
| [82] |
Shi Y L, Song X W, Jin Q, et al. Tissue distribution and bioaccumulation of a novel polyfluoroalkyl benzenesulfonate in crucian carp [J]. Environment International, 2020,135:105418.
|
| [83] |
Liu L Q, Deng S S, Bao Y X, et al. Degradation of OBS (sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate) as a novel per-and polyfluoroalkyl substance by UV/persulfate and UV/sulfite:fluorinated intermediates and treatability in fluoroprotein foam [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2022,56(10):6201-6211.
|
| [84] |
金玲.光化学降解水中全氟辛烷磺酸及其替代物的研究[D]. 北京:清华大学, 2014. Jin L. Photochemical decomposition of perfluorooctane sulfonate and its substitute in water [D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University, 2014.
|
| [85] |
Jortner J, Levine R, Ottolenghi M, et al. Photochemistry of the iodide ion in aqueous solution [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1961, 7(65):1231-1238.
|
| [86] |
Jortner J, Ottolenghi M, Stein G. On the photochemistry of aqueous solutions of chloride, bromide, and iodide ions [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1964,68(2):247-255.
|
| [87] |
Cui J K, Gao P P, Deng Y. Destruction of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with advanced reduction processes (ARPs):A critical review [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,7(54):3752-3766.
|
| [88] |
Elliot A J. A pulse radiolysis study of the reaction of OH• with I2and the decay of I2 [J]. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 2011,70(6):1658-1661.
|
| [89] |
Qu Y, Zhang C J, Li F, et al. Photo-reductive defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid in water [J]. Water Research, 2010,44(9):2939-2947.
|
| [90] |
Park H, Vecitis C D, Cheng J, et al. Reductive degradation of perfluoroalkyl compounds with aquated electrons generated from iodide photolysis at 254nm [J]. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2011,10:1945-1953.
|
| [91] |
Zhang C, Qu Y, Zhao X, et al. Photoinduced reductive decomposition of perflurooctanoic acid in water:effect of temperature and ionic strength [J]. Clean, 2015,43(2):223-228.
|
| [92] |
Sun Z Y, Zhang C J, Chen P, et al. Impact of humic acid on the photoreductive degradation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by UV/iodide process [J]. Water Research, 2017,127:50-58.
|
| [93] |
Liu Z K, Chen Z H, Gao J Y, et al. Accelerated degradation of perfluorosulfonates and perfluorocarboxylates by UV/sulfite plus iodide:reaction mechanisms and system efficiencies [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2022,56(6):3699-3709.
|
| [94] |
Vellanki, Prakash B, Bill B, et al. Advanced reduction processes:A new class of treatment processes [J]. Environmental Engineering Science, 2013,30(5):264-271.
|
| [95] |
Huang L, Dong W, Hou H. Investigation of the reactivity of hydrated electron toward perfluorinated carboxylates by laser flash photolysis [J]. Chemical Physics Letters, 2007,436(1):124-128.
|
| [96] |
Iwata A, Nakashima N, Kusaba M, et al. Quantum yields of hydrated electrons by UV laser irradiation [J]. Chemical Physics Letters, 1993, 207(2/3):137-142.
|
| [97] |
Joschek H I, Grossweiner L I. Optical generation of hydrated electrons from aromatic compounds [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1966,88(14):3261-3268.
|
| [98] |
顾佳.紫外光解苯酚及对苯醌水溶液产生水合电子的机理研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2018. Gu J. Mechanism of hydrated electron generation by UV photolysis of phenol and p-benzoquinone in aqueous solution [D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2018.
|
| [99] |
Gu J, Ma J, Jiang J, et al. Hydrated electron (eaq-) generation from phenol/UV:Efficiency, influencing factors, and mechanism [J]. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 2017,200:585-593.
|
| [100] |
Tian H, Guo Y, Pan B, et al. Enhanced photoreduction of nitro-aromatic compounds by hydrated electrons derived from indole on natural montmorillonite [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015,49(13):7784-7792.
|
| [101] |
Sun Z Y, Zhang C J, Xing L, et al. UV/nitrilotriacetic acid process as a novel strategy for efficient photoreductive degradation of perfluorooctanesulfonate [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,52(5):2953-2962.
|
| [102] |
Thagard S M, Stratton G R, Dai F, et al. Plasma-based water treatment:development of a general mechanistic model to estimate the treatability of different types of contaminants [J]. Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, 2017,50(1):14003.
|
| [103] |
Stratton G R, Dai F, Bellona C L, et al. Plasma-based water treatment:efficient transformation of perfluoroalkyl substances in prepared solutions and contaminated groundwater [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(3):1643-1648.
|
| [104] |
Singh R K, Brown E, Thagard S M, et al. Treatment of PFAS-containing landfill leachate using an enhanced contact plasma reactor [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021,408:124452.
|
| [105] |
Palma D, Richard C, Minella M. State of the art and perspectives about non-thermal plasma applications for the removal of PFAS in water [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, 2022,10:100253.
|
| [106] |
Ren Z A, Bergmann U, Leiviska T. Reductive degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid in complex water matrices by using the UV/sulfite process [J]. Water Research, 2021,205:117676.
|
| [107] |
Gu Y R, Dong W Y, Cheng L, et al. Efficient reductive decomposition of perfluorooctanesulfonate in a high photon flux UV/sulfite system [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,50(19):10554-10561.
|
| [108] |
Bao Y X, Deng S S, Cagnetta G, et al. Role of hydrogenated moiety in redox treatability of 6:2fluorotelomer sulfonic acid in chrome mist suppressant solution [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021,408:124875.
|
| [109] |
刘娇琴.全氟羧酸类化合物及其替代物的光降解研究[D]. 南京:南京大学, 2020. Liu J Q. Photo-induced degradation of perfluorinated carboxlic acids and the alternatives [D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University, 2020.
|
| [110] |
Bentel M J, Yu Y, Xu L, et al. Defluorination of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with hydrated electrons:structural dependence and implications to PFAS remediation and management [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019,53(7):3718-3728.
|
| [111] |
Hori H, Hayakawa E, Einaga H, et al. Decomposition of environmentally persistent perfluorooctanoic acid in water by photochemical approaches [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004,38(22):6118-6124.
|
| [112] |
Vandamme M, Bouchard L, Gilbert A, et al. Direct esterification of carboxylic acids with perfluorinated alcohols mediated by XtalFluor-E [J]. Organic Letters, 2016,18(24):6468-6471.
|
| [113] |
Yuan G X, Hui P, Huang C, et al. Ubiquitous occurrence of fluorotelomer alcohols in eco-friendly paper-made food-contact materials and their implication for human exposure [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,50(2):942-950.
|
| [114] |
Bertin M, Martin I, Duvernay F, et al. Chemistry induced by low-energy electrons in condensed multilayers of ammonia and carbon dioxide [J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2009,11(11):1838-1845.
|
| [115] |
Bentel M J, Liu Z K, Yu Y C, et al. Enhanced degradation of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) by UV/sulfite treatment:reaction mechanisms and system efficiencies at pH 12[J]. Environmental Science and Technology Letters, 2020,7(5):351-357.
|
| [116] |
Suenram R D, Lovas F J, Pickett H M. Fluoromethanol:synthesis, microwave spectrum, and dipole moment [J]. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, 1986,119(2):446-455.
|
| [117] |
Lyu X J, Li W W, Lam Paul K S L, et al. Insights into perfluorooctane sulfonate photodegradation in a catalyst-free aqueous solution [J]. Scientific Reports, 2015,5:9353.
|
| [118] |
Gebbink W A, Asseldonk L V, Leeuwen S. Presence of emerging per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in river and drinking water near a fluorochemical production plant in the netherlands [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(19):11057-11065.
|
| [119] |
Maza W A, Breslin V M, Owrutsky J C, et al. Nanosecond transient absorption of hydrated electrons and reduction of linear perfluoroalkyl acids and sulfonates [J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2021,7(8):525-530.
|
| [120] |
Maza W A, Owrutsky J C E. Impact of submicellar aggregation on reduction kinetics of perfluorooctanoate by the hydrated electron [J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2022,3(9):226-232.
|
| [121] |
Merino N, Qu Y, Deebrula A, et al. Degradation and removal methods for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water [J]. Environmental Engineering Science, 2016,33(9):615-649.
|
| [122] |
Buxton G V, Greenstock C L, Helman W P, et al. Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution [J]. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 1988,2(17):513-886.
|
| [123] |
Qu Y, Zhang C J, Chen P, et al. Effect of initial solution pH on photo-induced reductive decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid [J]. Chemosphere, 2014,107:218-223.
|
| [124] |
Navarathna C, Keel M G, Rodrigo P M, et al. Sustainable biochar for water and wastewater treatment [M]. Amsterdam, 2022:555-595.
|
| [125] |
Senevirathna S T M L D, Krishna K C B, Mahinroosta R, et al. Comparative characterization of microbial communities that inhabit PFAS-rich contaminated sites:A case-control study [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,423:126941.
|
| [126] |
Qi Y, Cao H, Pan W, et al. The role of dissolved organic matter during per-and polyfluorinated substance (PFAS) adsorption, degradation, and plant uptake:a review [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 436:129139.
|
| [127] |
Ryu H, Li B K, Guise D S, et al. Recent progress in the detection of emerging contaminants PFASs [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021,408:124437.
|
|
|
|
