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| Conceptual identification and evaluation index system for living shorelines |
| GU Xiong-jie1,2, DENG Jian-ming2, ZENG Jian3, HAN Yu3, ZHANG Guang-zhi3, WANG Fei-fei1, QUAN Zhan-jun1 |
1. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;
2. College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
3. Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics&Estuary, Hangzhou 310000, China |
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Abstract The coastal zone has an important ecosystem value, but it has been seriously eroded and destroyed due to natural disasters and unreasonable exploitation by human beings. And the traditional coastal hard-structure defense models are no longer enough to face the changes of coastal conditions and even can exacerbate coastal erosion. Therefore, the " living shorelines " based on natural solutions is getting more and more attention. In this study, the main implications of the " living shorelines " was analyzed, the core elements of the " living shorelines " was proposed, and the evaluation index system for living shorelines was constructed. The Delphi method was used to carry out 2 rounds of expert consultation. The reliability of the index system was judged by calculating the enthusiasm degree of experts, the authority degree of experts, the concentration degree of expert opinions and the coordination coefficient. The index system was screened by the critical value method combined with the expert opinions, then the evaluation index system of living shorelines was constructed. The index system was divided into three levels, namely the target layer, the criterion layer and the indicator layer. At the criterion level, four categories were set as "resource and environment suitability", "resource and environment sustainability", "ecological resilience" and "social and economic support ability". The index layer included 13 first-grade indicators and 36 second- grade indicators. Our study produced that the core feature of living shorelines was "based on natural elements", through the use of natural materials or natural and artificial materials combined technology to protect, restore and enhance the natural habitat of the coastal zone, and ultimately promote the sustainable development of resource-environmental conditions and socio-economic status. At present, there are few studies on living shorelines and the study on the evaluation index system of living shorelines can partly fill the gap of the living shorelines management model.
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Received: 26 November 2023
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