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| Distribution and risks of endocrine disruptors and personal care products in Lhasa River |
| GU Xiao-yun1,2, GAMA Zhuo-ma3, Ye Xin-tong1,2, LU Xu-yang1, LIU Chen1 |
1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Lhasa Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Lhasa 850000, China |
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Abstract The Lhasa River, the largest tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, was selected to study the occurrence, distribution, sources and ecological risk of nine typical endocrine disruptors (EDCs) and personal care products (PCPs) in surface water of the main stream and tributaries during the dry season. The results showed that the detection rates of EDCs and PCPs in Lhasa River ranged from 53% to 100%, and the detection rates of bisphenol A, triclocarban, estriol and caffeine were higher than 90%. The average concentrations ranged from 2.28~19.45ng/L, with the highest concentrations of 36.8 and 27.4ng/Ldetected for caffeine and triclosan, respectively. The spatial distribution of pollutant concentrations increased gradually from upstream to downstream, with animal manure-sourced steroidal EDCs dominating in the middle and upper reaches and higher concentrations observed in the tributaries than the main stream. Two large reservoirs in the middle reaches had obviously reduced the concentrations of steroidal EDCs. Phenolic EDCs and PCPs were the major pollutants in the lower reaches, and the main stream from Lhasa City to Yarlung Zangbo River was the highly polluted area, with domestic sewage and industrial wastewater being the main source. Based on the risk entropy evaluation, the overall ecological risk in the Lhasa River showed a trend of downstream > midstream > upstream, with fish being more sensitive than algae and water fleas. Steroidal EDCs (17α-ethynylestradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone) posed a high risk to fish, octylphenol posed a medium risk to algae at relatively higher concentrations of the downstream, triclosan posed a low risk to aquatic life, and bisphenol A and triclocarban had no risk. This paper provided data support for the control of emerging contaminants in important rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Received: 22 May 2024
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