|
|
|
| The characterstics and risk assessment of microplastics pollution in cascade reservoirs of the Huangbai River |
| LIU Xiao-wei1,2, LI Wei-ming1,2, YAN Kang1,2, XIAO Ming1,2, LI Xuan1,2, WANG Fang-wei1,2, LI Ying-cheng1,2, GAO Ya-kun1,2, DING Shuang1,2, FANG Zi-jie1,2, LI Hong1,2 |
1. College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;
2. Hubei Field Observation and Scientific Research Stations for Water Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract This study focused on four cascade reservoirs on the East Branch of the Huangbai River, utilizing a stereo microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to identify the apparent characteristics and polymer components of microplastics, and to explore the pollution characteristics of microplastics in cascade reservoirs. The pollution risk index, pollution load index and potential ecological risk index were used to assess the ecological risk assessment of the microplastics pollution status in the study area. The results showed that notable variances in both the abundance distribution and apparent attributes of microplastics in surface water and sediment. The average abundance of microplastics in surface water and sediment was (2.30±0.63)n/L and (0.79±0.20)n/g. The abundance of microplastics in the surface water in the dam front area was higher than that in the middle area, which indicated that the dam front of the reservoir area may be a potential accumulation area for microplastics. The high abundance of microplastics in sediment concentrated in the upper reaches of the Xuanmiaoguan Reservoir, which was related to agricultural production and the pollution of domestic waste before the management of the Huangbai River, reflecting the long-term accumulation of microplastics in sediment. Polypropylene(PP) and polyethylene(PE) were the main polymer types, and black and blue were the main colors. The main shape of microplastics in surface water was fibers, while fragments were dominant in sediment. From the perspective of particle size distribution, microplastics with small particle size (0~300μm) were dominant, and the proportion of small-sized microplastics in sediment (82.38%) was much higher than that in surface water (42.96%). The results of the pollution risk index showed that the ecological risk level of surface water and sediment reached a medium level, while the pollution load index and the potential ecological risk index showed that the microplastics pollution status of each sampling point was slightly polluted, with an ecological risk level was I.
|
|
Received: 25 May 2024
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 苗令占,邓肖雅,杨铮,等.微塑料的老化过程、产物及其环境效应研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43(11):6156-6171. Miao L Z, Deng X Y, Yang Z, et al. Research progress on the aging process, leachates of microplastics and their environmental effects [J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43(11):6156-6171.
[2] Baldwin A K, Corsi S R, Mason S A. Plastic debris in 29 Great Lakes tributaries: Relations to watershed attributes and hydrology [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,50(19):10377-10385.
[3] Tourinho P S, Ivar Do Sul J A, Fillmann G. Is marine debris ingestion still a problem for the coastal marine biota of southern Brazil? [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010,60(3):396-401.
[4] Derraik J G B. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002,44(9):842-852.
[5] Tang K H D. Microplastics in agricultural soils in China: Sources, impacts and solutions [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2023,322:121235.
[6] Wang S, Mintenig S M, Cheng C, et al. Extent and risks of microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River. State of the science [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2024,910:168538.
[7] 李和通,马振芳,郭宇,等.黄河(郑州段)水体中微塑料污染特征及来源分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024,44(7):4136-4144. Li H T, Ma Z F, Guo Y, et al. Distribution and Source Characterization of Microplastics Pollution in Zhengzhou Section of the Yellow River [J]. China Environmental Science, 2024,44(7):4136-4144.
[8] Li Y, Deng Y, Hu C, et al. Microplastic pollution in urban rivers within China’s Danxia landforms: Spatial distribution characteristics, migration, and risk assessment [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2024,910:168610.
[9] Nava V, Chandra S, Aherne J, et al. Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs [J]. Nature, 2023,619(7969):317-322.
[10] Shen J, Qin G, Gu X, et al. Effects of seasonal hydrological regulation of cascade dams on the functional diversity of zooplankton: Implications for the management of massive reservoirs and dams [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2022,610:127825.
[11] Shen J, Gu X, Liu R, et al. Damming has changed the migration process of microplastics and increased the pollution risk in the reservoirs in the Shaying River Basin [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023,443:130067.
[12] Lin L, Pan X, Zhang S, et al. Distribution and source of microplastics in China’s second largest reservoir-Danjiangkou Reservoir [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2021,102:74-84.
[13] Min R, Ma K, Zhang H, et al. Distribution and risk assessment of microplastics in Liujiaxia Reservoir on the upper Yellow River [J]. Chemosphere, 2023,320:138031.
[14] Huang Y, Tian M, Jin F, et al. Coupled effects of urbanization level and dam on microplastics in surface waters in a coastal watershed of Southeast China [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020,154:111089.
[15] Xu D, Gao B, Wan X, et al. Influence of catastrophic flood on microplastics organization in surface water of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China [J]. Water Research, 2022,211:118018.
[16] Niu J, Gao B, Wu W, et al. Occurrence, stability and source identification of small size microplastics in the Jiayan reservoir, China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022,807:150832.
[17] Rahmayanti R, Adji B K, Nugroho A P. Microplastic pollution in the inlet and outlet networks of Rawa Jombor Reservoir: Accumulation in aquatic fauna, interactions with heavy metals, and health risk assessment [J]. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 2022, 20(2):1-17.
[18] 孙天一,申家琛,李典鹏,等.闸坝河流微塑料特征及污染风险评估[J]. 环境科学, 2024,45(8):4600-4609. Sun T Y, Shen J C, Li D P, et al. Microplastic characteristics and risk assessment in multigate dam-type river [J]. Environmental Science, 2024,45(8):4600-4609.
[19] Liu D, Guo Z F, Xu Y Y, et al. Widespread occurrence of microplastics in marine bays with diverse drivers and environmental risk [J]. Environment International, 2022,168:107483.
[20] Guo Z, Boeing W J, Xu Y, et al. Global meta-analysis of microplastic contamination in reservoirs with a novel framework [J]. Water Research, 2021,207:117828.
[21] 山泽萱,张妍,张成前,等.渭河微塑料污染现状与风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2023,44(1):231-242. Shan Z X, Zhang Y, Zhang C Q, et al. Microplastic pollution status and ecological risk evaluation in Weihe River. [J]. Environmental Science, 2023,44(1):231-242.
[22] 陈圣盛,李卫明,张坤,等.香溪河流域微塑料的分布特征及其迁移规律分析[J]. 环境科学, 2022,43(6):3077-3087. Chen S S, Li W M, Zhang K, et al. Distribution characteristics of microplastics and their migration patterns in Xiangxi River Basin [J]. Environmental Science, 2022,43(6):3077-3087.
[23] 高雅坤,李卫明,张续同,等.玛瑙河多环境介质和铜锈环棱螺体内微塑料的赋存特征[J]. 环境科学, 2024,45(3):1849-1858. Gao Y K, Li W M, Zhang X T, et al. Occurrence characteristics of microplastics in multi-environmental media and Bellamya aeruginosa of Manao River [J]. Environmental Science, 2024,45(3):1849-1858.
[24] 周添红,张佳倩,闵芮,等.刘家峡水库微塑料的赋存特征及其风险评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43(11):6007-6015. Zhou T H, Zhang J Q, Min R, et al. Occurrence characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in Liujiaxia reservoir [J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43(11):6007-6015.
[25] Xu P, Peng G, Su L, et al. Microplastic risk assessment in surface waters: A case study in the Changjiang Estuary, China [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018,133:647-654.
[26] Tomlinson D L, Wilson J G, Harris C R, et al. Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index [J]. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 1980,33(1-4): 566-575.
[27] Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach [J]. Water Research, 1980,14(8):975-1001.
[28] Lithner D, Larsson Å, Dave G. Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2011,409(18): 3309-3324.
[29] Yu X, Zhao Y, Zhang C, et al. Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the surface water and sediment of parks in Xi’an city, Northwest China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022,806: 150953.
[30] Ta A T, Babel S. Microplastic contamination on the lower Chao Phraya: Abundance, characteristic and interaction with heavy metals [J]. Chemosphere, 2020,257:127234.
[31] He B, Goonetilleke A, Ayoko G A, et al. Abundance, distribution patterns, and identification of microplastics in Brisbane River sediments, Australia [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,700: 134467.
[32] Rodrigues M O, Abrantes N, Gonçalves F J M, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics in water and sediments of a freshwater system (Antuã River, Portugal) [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,633:1549-1559.
[33] Alam F C, Sembiring E, Muntalif B S, et al. Microplastic distribution in surface water and sediment river around slum and industrial area (case study: Ciwalengke River, Majalaya district, Indonesia) [J]. Chemosphere, 2019,224:637-645.
[34] Chen H, Wang T, Ding Y, et al. A catchment-wide microplastic pollution investigation of the Yangtze River: The pollution and ecological risk of tributaries are non-negligible [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024,466:133544.
[35] Di M, Wang J. Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,616-617:1620-1627.
[36] Han N, Ao H, Mai Z, et al. Characteristics of (micro)plastic transport in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023,855:158887.
[37] Fan Y, Zheng K, Zhu Z, et al. Distribution, sedimentary record, and persistence of microplastics in the Pearl River catchment, China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,251:862-870.
[38] Tan X, Yu X, Cai L, et al. Microplastics and associated PAHs in surface water from the Feilaixia Reservoir in the Beijiang River, China [J]. Chemosphere, 2019,221:834-840.
[39] Wang Z, Zhang Y, Kang S, et al. Research progresses of microplastic pollution in freshwater systems [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,795:148888.
[40] Wen X, Du C, Xu P, et al. Microplastic pollution in surface sediments of urban water areas in Changsha, China: Abundance, composition, surface textures [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018,136:414-423.
[41] Li C, Gan Y, Dong J, et al. Impact of microplastics on microbial community in sediments of the Huangjinxia Reservoir—water source of a water diversion project in western China [J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 253:126740.
[42] Teng J, Zhao J, Zhang C, et al. A systems analysis of microplastic pollution in Laizhou Bay, China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,745:140815.
[43] Amrutha K, Warrier A K. The first report on the source-to-sink characterization of microplastic pollution from a riverine environment in tropical India [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,739: 140377.
[44] 丁爽,李卫明,张续同,等.宜昌市东山运河微塑料污染评估及年排放量估算[J]. 环境科学, 2024,45(3):1448-1456. Ding S, Li W M, Zhang X T, et al. Assessment of microplastic pollution and estimation of annual emission volume in the Dongshan Canal of Yichang City [J]. Environmental Science, 2024,45(3):1448- 1456.
[45] Fan Y, Zheng J, Deng L, et al. Spatiotemporal dynamics of microplastics in an urban river network area [J]. Water Research, 2022,212:118116.
[46] Mao Y, Li H, Gu W, et al. Distribution and characteristics of microplastics in the Yulin River, China: Role of environmental and spatial factors [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020,265:115033.
[47] Gao B, Chen Y, Xu D, et al. Substantial burial of terrestrial microplastics in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China [J]. Communications Earth & Environment, 2023,4(1):1-9.
[48] Scherer C, Weber A, Stock F, et al. Comparative assessment of microplastics in water and sediment of a large European river [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,738:139866.
[49] Fang Q, Niu S, Yu J. Characterising microplastic pollution in sediments from urban water systems using the diversity index [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021,318:128537.
[50] Dhivert E, Phuong N N, Mourier B, et al. Microplastic trapping in dam reservoirs driven by complex hydrosedimentary processes (Villerest Reservoir, Loire River, France) [J]. Water Research, 2022,225:119187.
[51] Zhang Z, Deng C, Dong L, et al. Microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River Basin: Heterogeneity of abundances and characteristics in different environments [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021,287: 117580.
[52] Liu Y, Cao W, Hu Y, et al. Horizontal and vertical distribution of microplastics in dam reservoir after impoundment [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022,832:154962.
[53] Browne M A, Crump P, Niven S J, et al. Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines woldwide: Sources and sinks [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011,45(21):9175-9179.
[54] Liu P, Zhan X, Wu X, et al. Effect of weathering on environmental behavior of microplastics: Properties, sorption and potential risks [J]. Chemosphere, 2020,242:125193.
[55] Weideman E A, Perold V, Ryan P G. Little evidence that dams in the Orange-Vaal River system trap floating microplastics or microfibres [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019,149:110664.
[56] Zhang K, Xiong X, Hu H, et al. Occurrence and characteristics of microplastic pollution in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir, China [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(7):3794- 3801.
[57] Zhu K, Jia H, Sun Y, et al. Long-term phototransformation of microplastics under simulated sunlight irradiation in aquatic environments: Roles of reactive oxygen species [J]. Water Research, 2020,173:115564.
[58] Stubbins A, Law K L, Muñoz S E, et al. Plastics in the earth system [J]. Science, 2021,373(6550):51-55.
[59] 刘沙沙,邱月,张茜,等.基于激光红外成像的城市河流微塑料表征与来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43(12):6700-6711. Liu S S, QIU Y, Zhang Q, et al. Characterization and source analysis of microplastics in urban rivers based on Laser Direct Infrared Imaging [J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43(12):6700-6711.
[60] Wang X, Wang P, Wang C, et al. Cascade damming impacts on microbial mediated nitrogen cycling in rivers [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023,903:166533.
[61] Vercauteren M, Lambert S, Hoogerwerf E, et al. Microplastic-specific biofilm growth determines the vertical transport of plastics in freshwater [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2024,910:168399.
[62] Ó Briain O, Marques Mendes A R, McCarron S, et al. The role of wet wipes and sanitary towels as a source of white microplastic fibres in the marine environment [J]. Water Research, 2020,182:116021.
[63] Wang T, Zou X, Li B, et al. Preliminary study of the source apportionment and diversity of microplastics: Taking floating microplastics in the South China Sea as an example [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,245:965-974.
[64] Khatmullina L, Isachenko I. Settling velocity of microplastic particles of regular shapes [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017,114(2):871-880.
[65] 王薪杰,王一宁,赵俭,等.河流水沙运动对微塑料运移过程影响研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022,42(2):863-877. Wang X J, Wang Y Y, Zhao J, et al. Recent progress of the effect of suspended sediment movement on the transport of microplastics in rivers [J]. China Environmental Science, 2022,42(2):863-877.
[66] Alimi O S, Claveau-Mallet D, Lapointe M, et al. Effects of weathering on the properties and fate of secondary microplastics from a polystyrene single-use cup [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023, 459:131855. |
|
|
|
