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2011 Vol.31 Issue.3,Published 2011-03-20
353 Analyses on chemical characteristic of spring sea fog water on Donghai Island in Zhanjiang, China
XU Feng, NIU Sheng-Jie, ZHANG Yu, YUE Yan-Yu, ZHAO Li-Juan, CAI Shou-Qiang
The frequency of fog occurrence and fog water chemical characteristics are analyzed based on the surface observation data at Zhanjiang Station from 1951 to 2010 and the sea fog observation data on Donghai Island in Zhanjiang from 15 March 2010 to 20 April 2010. Result shows that the sea fogs in Zhanjiang are acidic, with pH in the range of 4.80~6.05. The electrical conductivity of the fog water during the formation stage is higher than that during the duration stage, indicating that a large amount of pollution dissolves in the fog water when fog forms. The non-linear fitting result of the relationship between the electrical conductivity and pH shows that the correlation coefficient is 0.61, indicating a certain connection between these two properties. Compared with the fog water in the other areas in China, the ionic concentrations of Zhanjiang fog are higher. Cl- and NO3- are the dominant anions, especially Cl- reaching 13000 μmol /L, but SO42- is lower; with regard to the cation, Na+ dominates. The electrical conductivity is higher than those in the other areas. The higher concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ are dominantly affected by near-surface soil dust (mainly carbonate of calcium and iron). The ionic concentrations are higher during the early stage of fog and decrease during the fog development. The ionic concentrations are related to the fog types.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 353-360 [Abstract] ( 380 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1033KB] ( 1438 )
361 Experimental study of NO reduction by biomass reburning
XIONG Zhi-Bo, HAN Kui-Hua, GAO Pan, LI Ying-Jie, LU Chun-Mei
A multi-function denitration test bed was utilized to study the reburning NO reduction characteristics of four species of biomass such as peanut shell, cottonwood, straw and corn stalk, and the effect of operating parameters on NO removal efficiency with biomass as reburning fuels. The research results indicate that NO reductions of as high as 80% are obtained with approximately 20%~25% biomass heat input and the denitration efficiency of peanut shell, cottonwood, straw and corn stalk are 85.1%, 80.3%, 69.6% and 67.2%, respectively at the reburning fuel fraction(Rff) of 15%. Under the same conditions, peanut shell can attain the highest denitration efficiency followed by cottonwood, and corn stalk the least. the smaller the particle diameter of biomass, the higher the reburning denitration effectiveness. With the reburn zone temperature increasing, the biomass reburning denitration effectiveness firstly increases and then Changes slowly, and gains the highest denitration effectiveness at 1073K. The highest NO reductions are found at a stoichiometric ratio (SR) of 0.6. The best suitable Rff and the residence duration of the biomass are 20% and 0.81 second, respectively. Under the typical operating conditions , NO removal efficiency of 79%~89% is achieved by biomass reburning at Rff 20%.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 361-366 [Abstract] ( 278 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 411KB] ( 1457 )
367 Emulsion wastewater treatment by citrate enhanced UV/Fenton and combined with biological treatment
LI Ji, 吕Xiao-Mei , ZHANG Ping
In the UV/Fenton process (UFP) treating artificial emulsion wastewater, the effects of citrate addition on the applicable pH range and effluent biodegradability were systematically investigated. In the citrate enhanced UV/Fenton process (CE-UFP), the applicable pH range was broadened to 4~8. When CE-UFP was carried out under 1.0 mM initial citrate concentration, the effluent BOD/COD ratio increased to 0.53, which is much higher than that of 0.32 with no citrate addition. When the effluent of CE-UFP and UFP were further separately treated with 8-hour biological treatment, the respective COD removal efficiencies were 78.7.0% and 96.0%. When 0~1.0 mM citrate was dosed at CE-UFP stage, the effluent COD after subsequent biological treatment may decrease from 293mg/L to 48mg/L, while no further decrease was observed with higher citrate dosage. All these results clearly indicate citrate can broaden the applicable pH range of UFP and enhance the biodegradability.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 367-370 [Abstract] ( 507 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 323KB] ( 2092 )
371 Effect of different ratios of propionate to acetate on phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactor with single-stage oxic process
CHANG Ke, LI Xiao-Ming, WANG Dong-Bo, YANG Qi, ZENG Guang-Ming
To investigate the effect of different concentration ratios of propionate to acetate on phosphorus removal in single-stage oxic process, two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated (R1: propionate to acetate ratio=0.165; R2: propionate to acetate ratio=2.00) using synthetic wastewater. After a period of sludge acclimation (30d), R2 showed a higher SOP removal efficiency than R1. The average efficiency of phosphorus removal in R1 and R2 were 77.95% and 84.79% respectively. However, the phosphorus removal amount per MLVSS in R1 was higher than R2. The phosphorus removal amount per MLVSS in R1 was 8.66mg/g while in R2 was 8.03mg/g. In the idle phase, though obvious phosphorus release was observed in both R1 and R2, the content of phosphorus released in R2 was higher than that in R1. The phosphorus release amount per MLVSS of R2 was higher than R1. Besides, glycogen in R1 degraded obviously while that in R2 seldom degraded, which maybe the reason why the phosphorus release amount per MLVSS of R2 was higher than R1.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 371-376 [Abstract] ( 316 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 352KB] ( 873 )
377 Pretreatment on micro-polluted source water by activated zeolite biological aerated filter
SUN Tong-Xi, JIANG Yi-Feng, ZHENG Meng-Lu, CHEN Jian-Meng, CHEN Jun, HU Cheng-Cong, LI Jun
An up-flow activated zeolite media biological aerated filter (AZBAF) was developed and employed for the treatment of micro-polluted water in Hangzhou. The AZBAF could start up quickly by an efficient adsorption of the media during the natural precoating period. Under the conditions of hydraulic loading 1.2m/h and gas/water ratio 3~1:1, around 40%~60% and 10%~27% of organics could be romoved in terms of TOC and CODMn, respectively, in which most of the low molecular weight organics (MW<1kDa) was efficiently biodegraded. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of NH3-N was stably kept over 90% during the AZBAF operation. Additionally, most pollutants were removed in the lower part of the filter column (0~30cm), and this removal characteristics was somehow consistent with the distribution profiles of biomass (phospholipid-P) and their activities (oxygen uptake rate). In the case of shutdown of the AZBAF in both short-term (5~10d) and long-term (35d), the biofilter could be recovered to its original performance in 6~8h and 24h, respectively.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 377-383 [Abstract] ( 301 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 791KB] ( 1050 )
384 Enhanced coagulation treatment of micro-polluted Liuxi River water with the composite coagulant of PFS-PDM
HUANG Man-Jun, LI Ming-Yu, REN Gang, CAO Gang, SONG Lin
The composite coagulant of PFS-PDM —was prepared by polyferric sulfate and poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride). The enhanced coagulation treatment of micro-pollution Liuxi River water was studied with the composite coagulant of PFS-PDM. The treatment efficiency of the Liuxi River water with PFS and PFS-PDM were compared and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of turbidity, UV254, and algae from micro-polluted source water by the composite coagulant was higher than PFS. The removal efficiency of turbidity, algae and UV254 increased by 22.1%、19.5% and 14.9% respectively when PFS-PDM dosage was 3mg/L. The composite coagulant showed better enhanced coagulation performance.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 384-389 [Abstract] ( 354 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 457KB] ( 867 )
390 Study on treating eutrophic seawater with “steel slag-Gracilaria lemaneiformis” system
WANG Jun, SHI Yun-Di, TANG Li, RU Shao-Guo
Eutrophic seawater was treated with steel slag, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, and ‘steel slag-Gracilaria lemaneiformis’ system, respectively, and the feasibility of using steel slag for eutrophic seawater treatment was discussed. The results showed that, most phosphorus in the eutrophic seawater was removed by steel slag, while steel slag had no significant effect on nitrogen removement. When Gracilaria lemaneiformis with an initial density of 3g/L was used to treat mildly eutrophic seawater, in which concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus was 0.3~0.6mg/L, and 0.05~0.1mg/L, respectively, the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus is high. However, a low-removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus was found in seriously eutrophic seawater (concentration of nitrogen was 4.8mg/L, and level of phosphorus was 0.8mg/L) treatment with Gracilaria lemaneiformis. And the ‘steel slag-Gracilaria lemaneiformis’ system obviously reduced nitrogen and phosphorus levels in eutrophic seawater, due to pthehysical adsorption and chemical precipitation of phosphorus by steel slag and the biological uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen by Gracilaria lemaneiformis.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 390-395 [Abstract] ( 315 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 373KB] ( 1380 )
396 Promoting thermal hydrolysis of excess sludge with external amylase
CHEN Xiao-Fen, LI Xiao-Ming, YANG Qi, LUO Kun, XIE Bing-Xin
The effects of α-amylase on excess sludge thermal hydrolysis under aerobic conditions were investigated. It was found that sludge hydrolysis efficiency could be enhanced by amylase. When treated at the dosage of 0.5g/L of amylase, SCOD/TCOD in sludge could reach 30.98% under the optimal temperature 50℃, which was 7.68% higher than the control experiment. As a result of the interaction of amylase and thermal hydrolysis, sludge solids dissolved first and subsequently macromolecular carbohydrate was hydrolyzed into small-molecular sugar, and the protein in solid-phase released and further was hydrolyzed. The concentrations of both sugar and protein in supernatant showed an increase in the initial stage and then decrease later. After the addition of amylase, the highest concentration of sugar in supernatant could reach 271.43mg/L at 4h, while the protein reach 1437.37mg/L at 6h under 50℃ respectively. Furthermore, VSS dissolution rate and SCOD/TCOD were proved to be consistent with first-order reaction dynamic within prior 4h at 50℃ and reached balance after 4h, at which the VSS dissolution rate reached 22.01%.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 396-401 [Abstract] ( 285 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 411KB] ( 1299 )
402 GHG emissions from Chinese MSW incineration and their influencing factors - Case study of one MSW incineration plant in Shanghai
HE Pin-Jing, CHEN Miao, YANG Na, SHAO Li-Ming
Upstream-operation-downstream (UOD) method was applied to study the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from one municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plant in Shanghai. The contribution of each step and the influencing factors to GHG emissions were analyzed. The results showed that the incineration plant was source of GHG, which contributed 166~212kg CO2-eq/t of waste for incineration (fww). The fossil carbon content in the waste was found to be the critical factor, emitting 257kg CO2-eq/t fww. The utilization of electricity generated from incineration could save 120kg CO2-eq/t fww. Other parts (e.g. collection and transportation of wastes, disposal of bottom ash and fly ash and consumption of auxiliary material) released 27~45kg CO2-eq/t fww. GHG emissions from leachate treatment were 7.7kg CO2-eq/t fww. By saving of the auxiliary materials and changing of the disposal patterns of ashes, the GHG emissions can be mitigated in a limited degree. GHG savings varied by 0~13% when electricity factors in different regions were considered. In order to realize source-sink conversion of GHG for MSW incineration, the key approach was to increase the electricity generation capacity of the MSW by reducing water content.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 402-407 [Abstract] ( 498 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 326KB] ( 4206 )
408 Thermo-gravimetric analysis and co-combustion characteristics of dried sludge and coal
LI Yang-Yang, JIN Yi-Ying, LI Huan
The combustion behaviors of dried sludge, coal and their mixtures were investigated by a thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) in the temperature range from 20 to 1000℃ with the heating rate of 25℃/min. The coal sample had one weight loss peak at the temperature of 500℃ while dried sludge had two at the temperature of 280 and 480℃. When the ratio of dried sludge in the blend was appropriate, the values of both weight loss rate peak and maximum combustion rate increased while the appearance temperature decreased. At the same time, the ignition performance of coal could be improved by co-combustion with dried sludge, which also was conductive to the stability of coal combustion. Combustion characteristics of the blends were improved and the flammability index was between the two values of coal and dried sludge.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 408-411 [Abstract] ( 261 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 368KB] ( 2064 )
412 High solid anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste from Wuzhou
GUO Yan-Feng, LI Dong, SUN Yong-Ming, KONG Xiao-Ying, WANG De-Han, YUAN Zhen-Hong
Municipal solid waste from Wuzhou was sampled and its composition and biochemical characteristics were analyzed. The effect of three different substrate concentration (TSr=20%, 25%,30%) on batch anaerobic digestion was investigated at mesophilic temperature[(35+2)℃]. The experiment results showed that all three digestions were stable with no inhibition of volatile fatty acids and ammonia. The pH was stable at 7.0~7.8 without control. The cumulative methane productions were 93.06, 105.92 and 117.23 L/kgVS for TSr of 20%, 25% and 30% respectively. Lower total solids concentration could help reduce the anaerobic fermentation period, while higher concentration could increase the methane yield.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 412-416 [Abstract] ( 300 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 394KB] ( 1596 )
417 Effect of dry digestion on structure changes and biogas production from rice straw
LIANG Yue-Gan, ZHENG Zheng, WANG Long-Mian, LUO Xing-Zhang, ZHANG Ji-Biao, LUO Yan
In order to avoid the environmental pollution of open-field burning of rice straw, dry digestion of rice straw is an alternative measure which may produce methane. Composition and structure of raw and treated rice straw were mainly studied by the composition analysis, X-ray and FT-IR analysis, so as to investigate structure changes of rice straw during compost and dry digestion. The results showed that the cumulative biogas yield added up to 278.1mL/g VS added (0℃) during 60days dry digestion and the approximately 90.3% of the biogas yield was obtained in the first 30days of digestion. XRD confirmed that crystalline structure of rice straw fibre was cellulose I which was not changed after compost pretreatment and dry digestion, but the slight change of crystalllinity index happened after pretreatment and digestion. The results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that the deplolymerization and degradation of polysaccharides and the partial modification of lignin structure occurred at compost pretreatment and dry digestion.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 417-422 [Abstract] ( 289 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 470KB] ( 1086 )
423 Effect of alkaline pretreatment on physico-chemical property of Spartina alterniflora
CHEN Guang-Yin, ZHENG Zheng, CHANG Zhi-Zhou, YE Xiao-Mei
Alkaline pretreatment is widely used of improving biogas production for lignocellulosic materials. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of alkaline pretreatment on physico-chemical property of Spartina alterniflora. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction patterns, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and some general indicators were used to analyze changes of the lignocellulosic structure and composition of pretreated Spartina alterniflora. The results showed that the lignocellulosic structure of Spartina alterniflora was greatly altered after NaOH pretreatment, resulting in the separation of cellulose from lignin and the decomposition of lignin from large molecules with three-dimensional network structures to small molecules with linear structures. Protein, amino acids and some carbohydrate were also destroyed leading to 333.90% of COD, 45.26% of TN (total nitrogen) and 25.83times of organic nitrogen of water extract of Spartina alterniflora improvement after NaOH pretreatment. However, there were no significant influence on cellulose content and crystallinity of cellulose. Hemicellulose was destroyed obviously with 27.65% reduction, and some carboxyl substances were produced. The results suggested that the lignocellulosic structure was destroyed and the biodegradability of S. alterniflora was increased by alkaline pretreatment.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 423-430 [Abstract] ( 310 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 612KB] ( 2032 )
431 Study on embedding conditions and degradation characteristics of a carbendazim degrading bacteria
DOU Jing-Jing, FENG Gui-Ying, HU Shi-Bin, LI Lin
Embedding a carbendazim degrading bacteria with sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the optimal embedding conditions and the efficiency of degradation after embedding were studied. The optimal SA embedding condition is that the bacteria were mixed with 2% SA (1:5) and cross-link in 4% CaCl2for 24h at room temperature. The optimal PVA embedding condition is that the bacteria were mixed with 10% PVA (1:5) and cross-link in 3% CaCl2under the same condition. After 48h activation, at pH6and 30℃, the degradation rate of SA embedding carbendazim degrading bacteria can reach 80.4%, and the degradation rate of PVA embedding bacteria can reach 76.3%.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 431-436 [Abstract] ( 304 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 393KB] ( 1154 )
437 Isolation, identification and degradation characteristics of a DMF-degrading bacterial MBYD-1
YANG Shuai, CHEN Li-Wei, GU Hai-Sha, CAI Tian-Ming
A bacterial strain MBYD-1, capable of utilizing DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide) as sole carbon and nitrogen source, was isolated from activated sludge collected from wastewater-treating system of a pesticide manufacturer. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. according to its morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis and the analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence, and named strain MBYD-1. The optimal pH and temperature for the degradation were 7.0 and 30℃, respectively. Strain could mineralize DMF completely in 72 hours when the initial concentration of DMF was 400 mg/L, and with 2% inoculating quantity. Degradable substrates test showed that strain MBYD-1 grew better in formate than formaldehyde, and grew better in formamide than dimethylamine.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 437-442 [Abstract] ( 361 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 662KB] ( 1875 )
443 Genetic diversity of T4 virioplankton, inferred from g23 gene, in Wuhan Donghu Lake
HUANG Hui-Zhen, CHENG Kai, XU Min, ZHAO Yi-Jun
2 sub-lakes in Donghu Lake: Guozheng Lake and Miaohu Lake were chosen, and sampled seperately in winter and summer. g23 gene of T4 virioplankton was amplified, randomly sequenced certain clones. 46 sequences were got. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these sequences fell into 6 independent groups and exihibited high diversity. The phylogenetic analysis also suggests that: 1) the eutrophication level and season change have something to do with the structure of virioplankton community; 2) only part of the sequences are closely related to marine T4 virioplankton, so the others may represent eutrophicated freshwater virioplankton; 3) anthropogenic forcing can obviously influence the genetic diversity of T4 virioplankton in certain freshwaters.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 443-447 [Abstract] ( 314 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 355KB] ( 801 )
448 Physiological effect of Vallisneria natans L. under different concentrations of ammonia
SONG Rui, JIANG Jin-Lin, GENG Jin-Ju, GAO Shi-Xiang, WANG Xiao-Rong
The effects of biomass, nitrogen in free amino acids, chlorophyll, soluble proteins and malondialdehyde(MDA), intensities of O2-× and antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves of Vallisneria natans L. exposed to different concentrations of NH4+-N (0.02,0.05,0.10,0.30,0.60,1.00,3.00mg/L) after 14 days were investigated. No significant changes were observed for the biomass of leaves in the studied exposing level, while the physiological signals showed different trends. Intensities of O2-× increased at the lowest concentration of ammonia(0.02mg/L). The nitrogen contents in the free amino acids started to increase significantly from 0.30mg/L NH4+-N. When the NH4+-N reached 0.60mg/L, SOD activities were significantly induced, indicating oxidative stress to the plant without oxidative damage. When the ammonia concentrations were higher than 1.00mg/L, the signal intensities of free radicals and activities of SOD and POD significantly increased, while the contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein decreased, indicating oxidative damage might happen. Generally, the plants grew well when the NH4+-N concentration was below 0.60mg/L and stress and growth disturbance happened when it was above 1.00mg/L. Among all those physiological parameters measured, the nitrogen content in the free amino acids in the plant leaves was the most sensitive indicator. Results also suggested that deficiency of nutrient at a low level of ammonia may cause the induction of free radicals in submerged plant leaves.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 448-453 [Abstract] ( 294 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 436KB] ( 1246 )
454 Research on the acute toxicity of imidazolium ionic liquids on the brine shrimp
LU Hang-Jun, LU Yin, XU Dong-Mei, WEI Chao, CHEN Mei-Lan
In this paper, the effects of three imidazolium ionic liquids, 1-butyl-, 1-octyl- and 1-dodecyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride on the inhibiting concentration to the growth of brine shrimp in artificial sea water were carefully studied. At the same time, toxic organics such as methanol and acetonitrile and toxic inorganics like potassium dichromate were selected as positive control for the investigation of the effect of ILs on the brine shrimp. Dose-response curve fittings were established for the ionic liquids and the positive control toxins. The experimental results showed that with increasing the alkyl chain length of the ionic liquids, their toxicity to brine shrimp accordingly increased (LC50-24h values were 171.1, 133.6, 17.76μg/mL for the three ionic liquids, respectively). The LC50-24h values of the three imidazolium ionic liquids were found to be 10-2 to 10-3 of the values of methanol and acetonitrile while being much close to that of potassium dichromate.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 454-460 [Abstract] ( 376 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 598KB] ( 1627 )
461 Effect of Astragalus sinicus on the growth, Cd and Pb concentration of leafy vegetables
TANG Ming-Deng, AI Shao-Ying, LI Meng-Jun, YANG Shao-Hai, LUO Ying-Jian, YAO Jian-Wu
In an effort to reduce Cd and Pb concentration in leafy vegetables grown in suburban soils, three rounds of pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of Astragalus sinicus L. on the growth, Cd and Pb concentration in leafy vegetables, and available heavy metals in the soil (e.g. Cd and Pb in soil solution, DTPA extractable metals). The results showed that compared with the control, A. sinicus significantly increased the aboveground biomass of Lactuca sativa and Amaranthus cruetus but there was no significant effect on Cd and Pb concentration in DTPA extractable fraction, in soil solution or in the vegetables. Therefore, A. sinicus can be applied to increase the biomass of leafy vegetables in the test soil without increasing the risk of food chain contamination.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 461-465 [Abstract] ( 327 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 373KB] ( 1350 )
466 The microbial characteristics and differences in rhizospheric soils contaminated with PAEs grown high/low PAEs accumulation genotypes of Brassica parachinensis
ZENG Qiao-Yun, MO Ce-Hui, CAI Quan-Ying
Two genotypic cultivars of Brassica parachinensis, Youqing-60 (high PAEs-accumulation) and Teqing-60 (low PAEs-accumulation), were cultivated in the soils spiked with three levels (20, 50 and 100mg/kg) of dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to investigate the microbial biomasses and metabolic activities in rhizospheric soils at four growth stages of Brassica parachinensis. The results showed that the microbial biomass C (Cmic) in rhizospheric soils of Youqing-60 and Teqing-60 ranged from 84.45 to 213.30mg/kg and 98.33 to 229.85mg/kg, and their microbial biomass N (Nmic) varied from 9.00to 25.86mg/kg and 12.69 to 34.36mg/kg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in soils without plant. Their average well color development (AWCD) values ranged from 0.744 to 1.075 and 0.847 to 1.318, respectively, which of Teqing-60 were significantly higher than those in soils without plant. Moreover, Cmic, Nmic and AWCD in soils grown cultivar Teqing-60 were higher than those of Youqing-60 (except for treatment of T3 at flowering stage), and significant differences were observed between some treatments. PAEs concentrations in shoots and roots of two genotypes of Brassica parachinensis were not significantly negatively correlated with Cmic, Nmic and AWCD values, indicating that PAEs concentrations in shoots and roots of two genotypes of Brassica parachinensis may be related to other factors.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 466-473 [Abstract] ( 310 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 565KB] ( 814 )
474 Risk assessment on phosphorus release from eroded sediments in different land uses
WANG Zhen-Hua, ZHU Bo, LI Qing-Yun
Samples of eroded sediments and storm runoff water were collected from 5 headwater ditches of forestry, agricultural, residential and mixed sub-catchment in a typical catchment of upper Yangtze River, located in hilly area of purple soil, Sichuan Basin. The Olsen P and degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) of the eroded sediments and soluble reactive P (SRP) of runoff water were determined so as to evaluate potential of P release from eroded sediments. A significant split-line relationship of runoff water SRP between Olsen P and DPS of sediment was observed, and the changing points at 32mg/kg for Olsen P and 28% for DPS, respectively, were detected as critical values for evaluation of release risk of sediment P. If higher than the critical values, the risk of P release from the sediments would be greater. The P release risks of the eroded sediments originated from different land uses varied significantly. The sediment from residential area acted as a source of runoff water SRP, whereas, the sediments from forestry land and paddy field served as a sink of water P. The sediments from dry cropland and mixed sub-catchment acted as a potential source of water P. The potential for P release from the sediment was dependent on sediment sources and their physicochemical properties.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 474-480 [Abstract] ( 335 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 626KB] ( 990 )
481 Distribation of heavy metal elements in the water body from Lake Hongfeng
TIAN Lin-Feng, HU Ji-Wei, QIN Fan-Xin, HUANG Xian-Fei, LIU Feng, LUO Gui-Lin, JIN Mei
Thirteen groups of samples (overlying water, pore-water and sediment) were collected from Hongfeng Lake, located on Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwestern China, to study the behavior and fate of six heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn). The results demonstrate that pollution levels of these metals in overlying water and pore-water share the same order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd, while metal concentrations in the sediment is slightly different: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. For a single element among these heavy metals, its concentration in sediment was highest, and then that in pore-water was higher than in overlying water. This phenomenon probably means that the heavy metals in the sediment of the lake may be released from the sediment into the overlying water. Although statistical analysis suggested that there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of these metals occurred in overlying water, pore-water and sediment, there are some correlations between these elements. To present a more insight analysis, principal component analysis was applied to study the pollution source of heavy metals concerned. It was found that only one component (representing 67.7% of total variance) was extracted for concentrations of these elements in sediments and two components for those in pore-water (representing 73.6% and 16.73% of total variance respectively) and overlying water (representing 44.2% and 25.1% of total variance respectively).
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 481-489 [Abstract] ( 295 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 475KB] ( 1389 )
490 Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the topsoil of Liaohe estuarine wetlands
LIAO Shu-Lin, LANG Yin-Hai, WANG Yan-Song, 吕Jiu-Jun
Thirty one topsoil samples were collected from Liaohe estuary wetlands in October of 2008, and May and August of 2009. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified with GC-FID. The distribution of PAHs showed temporal variations. The concentrations of PAHs in October (1001.9 ng/g) were higher than that in May (877.1 ng/g) and August (675.4 ng/g). Diagnostic ratio analysis illustrated that pyrolysis was the main source of PAHs in October, and the mixed pollution of pyrolysis and oil spill was the dominant PAHs source in May and August. The positive matrix factorization analysis (PMF) indicated that the main sources of PAHs were coal combustion, traffic emission and biomass burning in October with contributions of 26%, 21% and 20%, respectively. Oil/traffic emission, oil spill and biomass burning, with contributions of 33%, 24% and 17%, respectively, were the main PAH sources in May of 2009. In August, oil spill with a contribution of 37% was dominant, followed by a mixture of traffic emission and biomass burning, coal combustion, coke oven and vehicular emission, with contributions of 19%, 16%, 14% and 14%, respectively.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 490-497 [Abstract] ( 331 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 533KB] ( 1210 )
498 Risk evaluation method of cyanobacteria bloom hazard in Taihu Lake
LIU Ju-Tao, YANG Yong-Sheng, JIANG Jia-Hu, GAO Jun-Feng
Based on the risk analysis of cynaobacteria bloom hazard in Taihu Lake, the index system for the cynaobacteria bloom risk evaluation was constructed. Combined with the concept of risk evaluation, the risk evaluation method was established. On the basis, the hazard risk, exposure risk, vulnerability risk, and comprehensive risk of the nine lake regions in Taihu Lake were evaluated taking 2008 as the base year. The largest risk regions were in northern part of Taihu Lake, especially the Gonghu Lake was the most serious as the water source area. The risk in Zhushan Lake, Meiliang Bay and western coastal was middle for the large hazard risk. In the other regions, the risk in Xuhu Lake, southern coastal and big Taihu Lake was light risk, and there were almost no cyanobacteria bloom outbreak risk for the light eutrophication and large vegetation cover in the southwest regions of Taihu Lake.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 498-503 [Abstract] ( 382 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 392KB] ( 1290 )
504 An integrated method of atmospheric environmental capacity estimation for large-scale region
QIAN Yue-Dong, WANG Qin-Geng
According to the features of large-scale regions, a new method was proposed to estimate the atmospheric environmental capacity (AEC), which combines the traditional box-model method, simulation method and linear programming method. The basic idea of the new method is that: the large-scale region is divided into a series of small sub-regions, and pollution sources are classified into different source units. The linear programming method searches the maximum capacity and optimal allocation of the AEC. The box-model method ensures the local air quality in sub-regions meet certain targets. The simulation method limits precursor emissions which cause secondary pollution in the regional scale. Results from the last two methods act as restrictions of the linear programming method. The integrated method makes the three traditional methods to be complementary, and therefore has three significant merits: First, it considers both local and regional influences of pollution sources. Second, it considers both direct and secondary effects of the pollutants. Finally, it can give optimal schemes for the AEC allocation over different sub-regions. A case study conducted for a region in southeast China indicates that the new method is reasonable and feasible.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 504-509 [Abstract] ( 321 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 481KB] ( 1507 )
510 Factors affecting firms’ participation willingness in tradable emission permits in Zhejiang Province
HAN Hong-Yun, HU Ying-De
Based on the data collected from 223 firms in Zhejiang Province, factors affecting firms’ participation willingness in tradable emission permits (TEPs) are quantitatively analysed. The regression results indicate that government’s supportitive policies can effectively promote firm’s participation in TEPs by comparing the pressures brought by the administrative regulations. Addition to the positive impact of public supervision, managers’ awareness on TEPs is another key factor influencing firms’ participation. However, whether firm is a member of industry association does have negative impact on firms’ participation willingness. In order to implement the TPEs policy effectively, more attention should be put on relevant supporting policies such as promotion, education and training, and enhancing the positive bridge function of industry association.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 510-515 [Abstract] ( 259 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 467KB] ( 1028 )
516 An integrated model for assessing the risk of water environmental pollution based on fuzziness
ZHU Hui-Na, YUAN Xing-Zhong, LIANG Jie, ZENG Guang-Ming, JIANG Hong-Wei
Considering both the vulnerability of water environmental and hazard to human beings, an integrated model for assessing the risk of water environmental pollution was developed based on fuzziness. In this model, vulnerability and hazard were both divided into six categories based on fuzzy theory. The fuzzy membership functions of vulnerability and hazard were built by the experts consultation and F statistical method. In order to obtain general risk of water environmental pollution, integrated evaluation was used to combine vulnerability and hazard together. The model was applied to 14 sections of Xiangjiang River, the pollution risk levels of which were intuitively expressed. In a sense, the developed model can provide new ideas and methods for the water resource management and the selecting of priority control section of Xiangjiang River.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 516-521 [Abstract] ( 329 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 512KB] ( 1418 )
522 China regional environmental innovation performance evaluation and research
CHENG Hua, LIAO Zhong-Ju
Based on domestic and foreign literatures, this paper tried to build environmental innovation performance evaluation index system from the perspective of input and output, and conducted evaluation on regional environmental innovation input and output level. This paper measured each region’s input-output performance in environmental innovation using the relevant data of the "China Statistical Yearbook" and "China Environment Yearbook,", and analyzed the main factors that had effect on environmental innovation performance.There was a big difference between each region’s environmental innovation performance, and Beijing and other five provinces (municipalities) were in the phase of constant returns to scale in environmental innovation, but other provinces (municipalities) were in the phase of increasing returns to scale, which meant the added input would improve the environmental innovation output and performance levels in these areas; various input factors did not have significant effect on the promotion of environmental performance level, but capital input factor and environmental regulation input factor had positive effect on economic performance level.
2011 Vol. 31 (3): 522-528 [Abstract] ( 291 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 349KB] ( 1730 )
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