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2010 Vol.30 Issue.11,Published 2010-11-20
1441 Vacuum ultraviolet photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde and ozone decomposition by Au/TiO2 nanocomposite film.
LI Jia, FU Ping-Feng, ZHANG Peng-Yi
To increase VUV (vacuum ultraviolet) photocatalytic efficiency for removing formaldehyde and decomposing its byproduct, i.e. ozone (O3), Au nanoparticles was supported on TiO2 nanocomposite film with low-temperature adsorption method. Three methods, i.e. UV254nm photocatalysis (TiO2/UV), VUV photolysis (VUV) and VUV photocatalysis (TiO2/VUV) were compared to degrade low concentration formaldehyde in the gas phase. The results showed that the removal ratio of formaldehyde in the TiO2/VUV process was much higher than that in the TiO2/UV or VUV photolysis process. Deposition of Au nanoparticles on TiO2 significantly improved the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. Accordingly, in the VUV photocatalysis, Au/TiO2 not only increased the removal ratio of formaldehyde, but also significantly decomposed ozone. The concentration of residual O3 was decreased 32%. Moreover, Au/TiO2 film was stable in the VUV photocatalysis process.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1441-1445 [Abstract] ( 316 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 669KB] ( 1318 )
1446 Stoichiometric characteristics of anammox expanded sludge bed reactor.
TANG Chong-Jian, ZHENG Ping
The stoichiometric characteristics of anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process were investigated in an expanded sludge bed (ESB) reactor by separately increasing ammonium and nitrite. The stoichiometric ratios of the reactor were significantly affected by influent ammonium and nitrite concentrations and their molar ratios. There were residual substrate over-consumptions in the anammox ESB reactor. When one of the substrates was relatively in excess in the influent, both the absolute and relative removal of the reactant increased. The combination of anammox metabolic model and the chemical equilibrium theory were found to well explain the substrate over-consumption phenomenon. Based on the stoichiometric characteristics of anammox process, different influent substrate ratios could be controlled in order to obtain different objectives.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1446-1452 [Abstract] ( 232 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 508KB] ( 699 )
1453 Treating simulative domestic wastewater using SBBR-CRI process and its simulation study based on artificial neural network.
SUN Hong-Song, YANG Chao-Hui-*, ZENG Guang-Ming, LIU Shui-Qing, XU Zheng-Yong, DENG Jiu-Hua, JI Li-Li, CHEN Ying
The water technology of SBBR combined with CRI was employed to treat simulative domestic wastewater. SBBR-CRI process was simulated using the artificial neural network which adapted to the complicated nonlinear relation between the influence factors and the effluent parameters. The artificial neural network with adaptive study algorithm was built with the inputs of DO, wetting time/drying time, aeration time/nonaeration time, the influent COD, NH4+-N, TP and outputs of the effluent COD, NH4+-N,TN, TP using MATLAB software. Combining with the parameter optimization of SI 6, lr 0.13, mc 0.6, studying time 6000, the numerical outputs and the experimental values matched well, and the MARE of the sample were within 7.5% and the RSM were within 0.085. NH4+-N removal efficiency was over 98%, TN and TP removal efficiency were both over 85% and COD removal efficiency was over 94% under the conditions of DO concentration 2 mg/L, aeration time/nonaeration time 2/1 and wetting time/drying time 1/3. Through the weight analysis, it indicated that the influent DO, NH4+-N and TP had a strong impact on the effluent parameters.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1453-1458 [Abstract] ( 226 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 437KB] ( 715 )
1459 Comparisons of several pretreatment methods for fluorescent whitening agent wastewater.
LI Jiang-Song, WANG Jian-Xing, LI Ri-Qiang, WANG Ai-Ying
The fluorescent whitening agent wastewater was pretreated using Fenton’s reagent oxidization, ozone oxidization or aerate ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis method, in which various factors to treatment efficiency of each method were examined. For Fenton’s reagent oxidization under the optimal conditions where H2O2 dosage was 0.13 mol/L, H2O2 to Fe (II) molar ratio was 20, pH was 5.0, and the reaction time was 1.0h, the CODCr removal rate reached to 39.9% and the BOD5/CODCr to 0.51. For ozone oxidization the optimal conditions were: reaction time of 70min (the ozone dosage of 2.51g/L), pH at 9.2, under which the CODCr removal rate reached to 36.7% BOD5/CODCr to 0.47. For aerate ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis method the CODCr removal rate could reach to 57.1% the BOD5/CODCr to 0.45 under the optimal conditions of: iron to carbon weight ratio of 1, reaction time for 2.0h, and pH at 2.5. The organic matters in fluorescent whitening agent wastewater could be removed effectively and the biodegradability could be improved by each method. Comparatively the aerate ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis method had the highest CODCr removal rate and the lowest cost of wastewater treatment, suggesting the promising potential for the treatment of fluorescent whitening agent wastewater.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1459-1465 [Abstract] ( 237 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 432KB] ( 799 )
1466 Comparison of scale-inhibiting properties of polyaspartic acid, polyacrylic acid and 2-phosphonobutane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid.
QIN Hai-Hua, LI Cai-Ting, LIU Hai, ZHANG Wei, ZENG Guang-Ming, GAO Hong-Liang, LI Huan-Li
By means of Static Scale-inhibiting method, the scale-inhibiting properties of polyaspartic acid (PASP), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) were determined. Simultaneously, scaling laws under these inhibitors were researched by rotation specimen method. Results showed that these inhibitors had threshold effect as the dosage of inhibitors increasing. The order of scale inhibition effects against CaCO3 of three inhibitors was as follows: PBTCA>PAA>PASP. When pH>7.0, pH had little impact on scale inhibition effects against CaSO4 of these inhibitors. As water-bath temperature increasing and residence time extending, scale inhibition effects against CaSO4 of these inhibitors increased at first, and then decreased. In wet Flue Gas Desulphurization System with Lime, all the scaling mass of hanging on-chip unit area increased at the beginning, and then decreased when the dosage of these scale inhibitors increased. With their dosage of 30mg/L, the scaling mass of hanging on-chip unit area of PASP, PAA and PBTCA was very small.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1466-1472 [Abstract] ( 244 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 501KB] ( 870 )
1473 A study on influences of BMTM carriers on starting-up of Anammox process.
LIU Jie, ZUO Jian-E, ZHU Shu-Quan, WANG Kai-Jun
The influences of BMTM biofilm carriers on starting-up of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process were investigated using two reactors, named R1 and R2 respectively. R1 was an UASB reactor, after 140 days’ starting-up, the removal efficiency of ammonium and nitrite only increased to 54.6% and 58.8%, with the sum of ammonium and nitrite removal loading rates of 0.09 kg/(m3·d). Then 0.6L BMTM biofilm carriers were added into R1, and in 26 days, the ammonium and nitrite removal efficiency increased to 92.5% and 97.4%. R2 was an upflow packed-bed reactor, in which the same quantity of seed sludge and BMTM biofilm carrier as that of R1 were added, after 83 days’ strating-up, the removal efficiency of ammonium and nitrite increased to 83.6% and 89.4% respectively, and the sum of ammonium and nitrite removal loading rate was 0.22kg/(m3.d), suggesting a much faster and better starting-up in R2 compared with R1.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1473-1478 [Abstract] ( 248 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 834KB] ( 750 )
1479 Effect of repeated freezing and thawing on leaching concentration of heavy metals in municipal sewage sludge.
FU Rong-Bing, WANG Jing, LUO Shu-Hua, ZHANG Chang-Bo, LUO Qi-Shi
The effect of cell fragmentation by repeated freezing and thawing on the leaching concentration and fractionation of heavy metals in the municipal sewage sludge was investigated. The cell appearance and extracellular polymers (EPS) groups were observed and analyzed using SEM and FTIR. The results showed that the leaching concentration of heavy metals increased after the treatment. The concentration of Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) raised respectively by 9.7%, 5.1%, 25%, 9.0% and 50%. The fractionation showed that the concentration of the instable species of Zn and Ni raised respectively by 20.4% and 37.9%. The organic forms of Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cu were decreased respectively by 4.4%, 8.2%, 1.2% and 5.1%. The fragmentation of cell in the sludge was obvious. The reduction of EPS, as well as proteins, carboxylic acids and glycans in the sludge, was evident. The transformation from the organic forms of the heavy metals in the sludge to their instable forms after cell fragmentation was the main reason to the increase of the leaching concentration.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1479-1483 [Abstract] ( 237 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 501KB] ( 886 )
1484 Removal algae with different coagulants from micro-polluted water in Liuxi River.
LI Ming-Yu, PAN Qian, WANG Li-Yan, LIU Li-Juan, REN Gang, SONG Lin
Removal of algae and turbidity from raw water of Liuxi River was studied by using aluminum sulfate (AS), poly aluminum ferric chloride (PFAC), poly aluminum sulfate (PAS), poly ferric sulfate (PFS) in summer and autumn. The effect of different coagulants, dosages of coagulants, pH and temperature of raw water on coagulative efficiency were investigated. The charge neutrality capability of coagulants, structure and morphological of floc were characterized by zeta potential meter and micrograph. The coagulation efficiency of AS was the best when pH ranged from 6~8, water temperature was higher than 15℃, algae and turbidity were 1.14×107~4.10×107cells/L and 27~38NTU respctively. The removal rates of algae and turbidity can even reach 80% and 89% respctively when the AS dosage was 3mg/L. The coagulative efficiency of other coagulations were PFAC＞PAS＞PFS. Further more, the coagulative performance of PAS and PFAC were better than others when the temperature of raw water was low in winter.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1484-1489 [Abstract] ( 226 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 557KB] ( 827 )
1490 Comparison of ERα-mediated estrogenic binding activity between So-iuy mullet (Mugil soiuy) and medaka.
HAO Li-Ni, ZHAO Yan-Bin, PENG Hui, HUANG Chong, CHEN Shu-Lin, HU Jian-Ying
To explore a possible reason why the wild So-iuy mullet of Liaodong Bay has high frequency of intersex from the point of view of specie-specific ERα binding sensitivity, a cDNA fragment of 1113 bp encoding So-iuy mullet (sERα) estrogen receptor DEF domain was amplified and used to construct plasmid pGBT9-sERα DEF. pGBT9-sERα DEF was transfected into Y190 yeast cells together with plasmid pGAD424-TIF2 for establishinig the sERα-specific in vitro system in yeast. Then we tested the sERα agonistic affinity of four major environmental estrogenic chemicals including estrone (E1), 17β-estrogen (E2), estrodial (E3) and ethylestrodial (EE2). Their half maximal concentrations (EC50)were calculated to be 3.7, 2.4, 1698.7, 1.2 nmol/L, which are 4.6, 2.3, 3.4, 3.3 times lower than those of Medaka ERα-binding activity, respectively. These results indicate that So-iuy mullet was more sensitive to E1, E2, E3, EE2 than medaka based on their ERα agonistic activity, providing an important clue to elucidate its remarkable occurence of intersex in Liaodong Bay.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1490-1495 [Abstract] ( 275 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 373KB] ( 727 )
1496 Interaction of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) by fluorescence spectroscopy.
XIE Xian-Chuan, WANG Xiao-Rong, ZHANG You-Kuan, WU Ying-Xin, XUE Yin-Gang
The interaction between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in physiological buffer (pH7.4) was investigated by fluorescence quenching techniques. The results showed that PFOA could strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through a static quenching procedure. The binding constants (K) of PFOA with BSA at 277K, 298K and 310K were 1.06×105, 7.12×104 and 5.68×104 L/mol respectively, and the binding site (n) on BSA for PFOA was 1. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the interaction of PFOA with BSA was driven mainly by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. The results of synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that binding of PFOA can induce conformational changes in BSA.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1496-1500 [Abstract] ( 295 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 399KB] ( 899 )
1501 Toxic effects of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in soils on earthworm Eisenia fetida and wheat Triticum aestivum L.
LIU Yao, ZHOU Qi-Xing, XIE Xiu-Jie, LIN Da-Song, RONG Wei-Ying
Soil ecotoxicological effects of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (TEX) were investigated using earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The results showed that there were significantly positive correlations between the lethal or inhibitory effects on Eisenia fetida and Triticum aestivum L. and the tested concentration of the three pollutants. The 24h LC50 values of TEX toxic to Eisenia fetida were 583.6, 346.8 and 192.4mg/kg, and the 48h LC50 values were 454.3, 167.1 and 127.2mg/kg, respectively. The IC10 values based on the toxicity of TEX to shoot elongation of Triticum aestivum L. were 342.2, 195.4 and 45.9mg/kg, and the IC10 values based on the toxicity of TEX to root elongation were 206.7, 134.5 and 26.3mg/kg, respectively. Although both the root and shoot elongation of wheat could indicate the pollution extent of TEX in soil, root elongation was more sensitive than shoot elongation under the pressure of the three pollutants, and there was a significantly positive correlation between these two indexes.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1501-1507 [Abstract] ( 467 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 477KB] ( 13608 )
1508 Characteristics of rhizosphere microbial community structure of two aquatic plants in eutrophic waters.
LU Kai-Hong, HU Zhi-Yong, LIANG Jing-Jing, ZHU Jin-Yong
Rhizosphere microorganisms in Myriophyllum aquaticum and Alternanthera philoxeroides were identified and enumerated using Sherlock Microbial Identification System (Sherlock MIS), followed by correlation analyses with environmental factors in Lake Rihu (medium-eutrophic) and River Wocaijiang (high-eutrophic) in Ningbo from August to November 2008. Effects of plant rhizosphere on microbial community composition were significant. The abundance of microbes in the rhizosphere of macrophytes was significantly higher than that in the water column in each month. Community composition of rhizosphere microorganism differed significantly between plant species. In Lake Rihu, the number of microbes in the rhizosphere of M. aquaticum was significantly higher than that of A. philoxeroides. There was no significant difference between the abundances of bacteria in the rhizosphere of two plants, while the abundances of rhizosphere actinomyces and fungi differed significantly between two plant species in River Wocaijiang. Correlations between population size of rhizosphere microbe and environmental factors varied greatly among plant species or sampling sites. Abundance of microbes in the rhizosphere of A. philoxeroides was negatively correlated to chemical oxygen demand (COD), while there was no significant correlation with water temperature, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphate (TP) and Chl.a in Lake Rihu. The number of rhizosphere microbes showed a negative correlation with TP and no significant correlation with other environmental factors in River Wocaijiang. The dominant microbial genera in the rhizosphere of the two macrophytes were Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Chryseobacterium, Acinetobacter etc. Some other specific functionalmicrobes, e.g. Staphylococcus, Acidovorax, Arthrobacter, were also found in the rhizospheres due to the heterogeneity of environmental conditions and plants. Cluster analyses using Primer 5.0 showed that the similarity of the community structure between summer and autumn was significantly higher than those between the rest seasons where similarities were more dynamic with the value of 21.60%~51.57% in the rhizosphere A. philoxeroides. Diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms was higher in summer than that in autumn in Lake Rihu. In contrast, rhizosphere microbiota was more diverse in autumn than in summer in River Wocaijiang. There was no significant difference of diversity of rhizosphere microbiota between two plants in Lake Rihu. In River Wocaijiang, the diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms of M. aquaticum was higher than that of A. philoxeroides in summer and with the opposite results in autumn. The results obtained in this study indicated that the rhizosphere microbial community structure was affected significantly by the environmental factors and plant species.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1508-1515 [Abstract] ( 333 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 448KB] ( 952 )
1516 Effects of Cd stress on physiological and ecological indicators and their differences of soybean plants at different growth stages.
LIAO Bai-Han, LIU Jun, ZHOU Hang, ZENG Min, HUANG Yun-Xiang, ZHOU Xi-Hong, ZENG Qing-Ru
A pot experiment was conducted to study effects of different Cd concentrations on growth of soybean plants, (Glycine max), and changes of chlorophyll contents, SOD (superoxide dismutase) activities, POD (peroxidase) activities and MDA (malondialdehyde) contents in the leaves of this plant at seedling stage, flowering-poding stage, and mature stage. Growth of soybean plants at three growth stages showed that the stimulating effects at low Cd concentrations (￡0.50mg/kg) and the inhibitory effects at high Cd concentrations(31.00mg/kg) under Cd stress; however, growth of plants was inhibited with increase in Cd concentrations. At the seedling stage, chlorophyll contents and SOD activities decreased obviously, POD activities increased rapidly, and these processes relieved Cd phyto-toxicity. At the flowering-poding stage, the antioxidant defense systems inside soybean plants were excited effectively by Cd stress; resulting in increases of POD and SOD activities rapidly with chlorophyll contents increasing. At the mature stage, SOD and POD activities and chlorophyll contents of soybean plants decreased sharply due to a long-term toxicity of Cd, especially under Cd stress with high concentrations. Changes in physiological indicators of soybean plants at seedling stage, flowering-poding stage, and mature stage indicated complete different modes with increase in Cd concentrations at three stages. Growth indicators (biomass and height of plants) of the plants were remarkably correlated to SOD activities in the whole growth period.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1516-1521 [Abstract] ( 232 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 507KB] ( 804 )
1522 Analysis of phosphorus forms in different regions of Taihu Lake.
YUAN He-Zhong, SHEN Ji, LIU 恩Feng
The vertical variations of phosphorus forms in sediment samples taken from the Meiliang Bay (T1), Zhushan Bay (T2), West Taihu Lake (T3), South Taihu Lake (T4), East Taihu Lake (T5) and Mid-lake region (T6) were analyzed applying the standard measurement and test (SMT) procedure. The results showed that phosphorus forms of different regions varied significantly. The concentrations of NaOH-P in Zhushan Bay and the West Taihu Lake were higher than other regions, and the proportions of NaOH-P accounting for TP decreased in the order: T2 > T1 > T3 > T4, T5, T6. It should be related to excessive anthropogenic input via rivers in the north and northwest of Taihu Lake. Whereas the proportions of HCl-P accounting for TP decreased in the order: T4 > T5 > T6 > T1, T3 > T2. OP decreased obviously at the ca. 15 cm depth, which might be related to the strong mineralization. Similar to NaOH-P, the concentration of TP exhibited the overall trend that the north and northwest of lake regions exceeded other regions, which reflected that eutrophication in the regions of north and northwest of Taihu Lake, especially in Zhushan Bay, was more serious than other regions.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1522-1528 [Abstract] ( 266 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 697KB] ( 941 )
1529 Distribution characteristics of phosphorus in sediment of Yanghe Reservoir and in soil of its basin.
ZHANG Li-Yuan, WANG Sheng-Rui, CHU Zhao-Sheng, YANG Su-Wen, JIN Xiang-Can, BAO Liang, ZHANG Fu-Lin, NI Zhao-Kui
Total phosphorus (TP), inorganic-phosphorus (IP), organic-phosphorus (OP), Fe/Al-bound phosphorus (Fe/Al- P) and Ca-bound phosphorus (Ca- P) in sediments of Yanghe Reservoir and in soil of its basin were measured using the standard measurement and test (SMT) procedure. The general mean content variation trends of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM) in the soil and sediments were stream sediments> reservoir sediments>soil, while the TP mean content changed little during the migration process. Nutrients enter Yanghe Reservoir not only by soil runoff and stream migration, but also the role of sediment release is obvious. The nutrients contents in surface sediment were high according the results of the column sediments, and the contents of TP, TN and OM decreased with the increase of sediment depth from the surface to 16cm, and then held on line below 16cm, which indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the sediments was primarily on the surface. The IP was the major phosphorus species in the soil and sediments, which accounted for 46%~79% of the TP; and the Ca-P was the major phosphorus species in the study area, and accounted for 22%~68% of TP, which related to the geological-geochemical characteristics of the Yanghe Reservoir. The TP in the soil was original mainly from Ca-P, which relate to the geological background in this region. The TP in sediment from the stream was original mainly from Fe/Al-P, which relate to the industrial and human pollution in this basin. The TP in sediment from Yanghe Reservoir was original mainly from the OP, which indicate that the eutrophication of Yanghe reservoir relates to the industrial, domestic pollution and agricultural non-point pollution in this basin.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1529-1536 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 521KB] ( 773 )
1537 The distribution of nitrogen speciation in three lake regions of North of Taihu Lake.
WANG Qiu-Juan, LI Yong-Feng, JIANG Xia, WANG Shu-Hang, JIN Xiang-Can
The spatial distribution characteristics and correlations of different nitrogen species in the overlying water, interstitial water and sediment in north of Taihu (Zhushan Bay,Meiliang Bay and Gonghu Bay) have been investigated, meanwhile the diffusion fluxes of NH4+-N have been counted. The spatial characteristic showed that the average concentrations distribution trends of NH4+-N were Zhushan Bay>Meiliang Bay>Gonghu Bay in the overlying water, interstitial water and sediment; the distribution trends of NO3--N were Gonghu Bay>Meiliang Bay>Zhushan Bay in the overlying water and sediment, but Meiliang Bay>Gonghu Bay>Zhushan Bay in interstitial water; TN have the similar distribution trends with NH4+-N in the overlying water, interstitial water and sediment. In Zhushan Bay,Meiliang Bay and Gonghu Bay, the average diffusion fluxes of NH4+-N were 1009.27μmol/(m2·d), 49.35μmol/(m2·d) and 3.14μmol/(m2·d) separately. Significant correlations of NH4+-N was found between overlying water, interstitial water and the surface sediment.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1537-1542 [Abstract] ( 201 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 532KB] ( 733 )
1543 Characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosols in spring at four background sites in South China.
LUO Yun-Kuo, CHEN Zun-Yu, ZHANG Yi-Nan, Engling Guenter, ZHANG Zhi-Sheng, SANG Xue-Fang, WANG Xue-Mei
Intensive atmospheric measurements were conducted in spring simultaneously at four background sites in South China: Jianfengling (JFL) on Hainan Island, Hok Tsui (HT) in Hong Kong, Lin’an (LA) in Zhejiang province and Tengchong (TC) in Yunnan Province. PM2.5 mass concentrations and carbonaceous species, including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and levoglucosan (LG), were determined. These species exhibited distinct characteristics at each site due to different pollution sources and transport processes affecting the various sites. Higher OC and EC levels were found at TC and LA, indicating that these sites were under significant regional-scale influence by primary emissions, such as biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion, associated with long-range transport. The contribution of biomass burning to OC was estimated to be as high as 73% at TC, using a simplified receptor based model. High OC/EC ratios and low carbonaceous species levels at JFL may have resulted from secondary processes and primary biogenic emissions, while low carbonaceous aerosol loadings and good correlations between different species at HT reflected the background pollution level on the regional scale.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1543-1549 [Abstract] ( 273 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1066KB] ( 896 )
1550 Atmospheric antimony emission inventories from coal combustion in China in 2005.
TIAN He-Zhong, ZHAO Dan, HE Meng-Chang, WANG Yan, CHENG Ke, QU Yi-Ping
The inventories of atmospheric antimony (Sb) emissions from coal combustion in China were compiled for the year 2005 utilizing the emission factor method based on provincial coal consumption and average Sb concentration in feed coal. Sb emission sources were categorized by economic sectors (power, industry, residential use, and others), fuel types (raw coal, washed coal, coke, and briquettes), combustion technologies (stoke, PC bolier, fluidized bolier) and pollution control equipments (cyclone, wet scrubber, ESP, fabric filter,etc.). The total atmospheric Sb emissions from coal burning were evaluated at 530.86t, in which Guizhou province had the heaviest emissions (49.28t), followed by Hunan (45.96t), Hebei (37.36t), Shandong (35.12t), and Anhui (30.92t), suggesting that the east and central China dominance of Sb emission. As for the sectoral contribution, approximately 47.2% of the total Sb emissions came from industry sector, and 39.9% from thermal power generation.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1550-1557 [Abstract] ( 250 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 445KB] ( 654 )
1558 Investigation of industrial VOCs emission sources and analysis for their emitting characteristics.
XI Jin-Ying, WU Jun-Liang, HU Hong-Ying, WANG Can
After 433 industrial VOCs emission cases were searched and collected, these sources were classified into four types, which were solvent usage, chemical product manufacture waste treatment and storage and transportation leakage source. The emitting characteristics of different types of sources were analyzed. The results showed that most of on-pot industrial VOCs emission sources had similar emitting characteristic, such as having a flowrate more than 1000 m3/h, the concentration of total (TVOC) less than 10000 mg/m3 and complex chemical composition. Among all the investigated VOCs sources, most of the solvent usage sources had an emission flowrate higher than 100000 mg/m3. Most of the chemical product manufacture sources had a flowrate lower than 1000 mg/m3. The TVOC concentrations of most chemical product manufacture sources were higher than 10000mg/m3 or lower than 100 mg/m3. The most frequently found components in the industrial VOCs emission sources were BTEX.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1558-1562 [Abstract] ( 318 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 393KB] ( 1671 )
1563 Study on vehicular emission reduction effect of traffic control in Foshan central district.
LIU Yong-Hong, BI Suo-Yang, ZHOU Bing, WANG Cheng, LIAO Han-Bo, LI Lu, CAI Ming
To improve air quality during the 2010 Asian Games, temporal traffic control measures were made that some vehicles was banned to drive in certain roads in central district of Foshan from December 26 to 29 in 2009. The rate of vehicular emissions reduction was calculated, according to traffic flow parameters on-road including volume of traffic, speeds, the proportion of different vehicular types and vehicular emission factors. These traffic flow parameters were made based on traffic investigation, while vehicular emission factors related to vehicular emission standards, speed and vehicular types on-road were calculated after running the European COPERT model. The results showed that during temporal traffic control measures, the average volume of traffic on all roads in central district reduced by 35.2%, and the proportion of different vehicular types changed greatly, and volume of motorcycle decreased significantly. But the reduction rate of emissions of CO,NOx,VOC, and PM were unequal. So according to this reduction rate of volume of traffic, the average annual emissions of CO, NOx,VOC, PM on all roads in central district would decrease respectively by 48.1%, 39.2%, 43.6%, 49.2%.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1563-1567 [Abstract] ( 233 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 391KB] ( 1069 )
1568 Study on carbon dioxide total emission control in the context of emission intensity commitment.
WANG Jin-南*, CAI Bo-Feng, YAN Gang, CAO Dong, ZHOU Ying
The reduction of carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP is essentially a total emission control. The paper presented a set of CO2 emission scenarios in 2020 based on a total emission control model in the context of commitment made in emission intensity reduction. The optimal total emission target for China in 2020 has been set at 8624 million tons, which is 1263 million tons less or 12.8% lower than the BAU emission. In fulfilling this target, the energy structure adjustment and energy saving/emissions reduction will contribute to the emission cut by 33% and 48% respectively. The share of non-fossil energy consumption in China’s energy mix will be increased to 13% and 15% in the “12th Five Year Plan” period and the “13th Five Year Plan” period respectively, that will need the annual capital input of 150 billion and 200 billion RMB yuan per year for these two periods respectively. The total cost of emission control in 2020 will be 130-210 billion yuan accounting for about 0.3% of GDP in that year.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1568-1572 [Abstract] ( 249 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 412KB] ( 917 )
1573 Ecosystem health assessment of urban-rural ecotone in Chongqing based on the analytic hierarchy process.
GU Yu, LIU Xin, DENG Hong-Bing
With the basement of defining the urban-rural ecotone, a set of assessment index system of ecosystem health for urban-rural ecotone was designed which combined the consideration of social habitat, economic development and natural ecological factors, and was in connection with the characteristics and prominent problems of urban-rural ecotone. In the assessment index system, the weights of indexes were determined by analytic hierarchy process. The case study of Dadykou district in Chongqing City showed that the coupling of structure and function needed to be optimized and the ecological potential was to be discovered for the urban-rural ecotone. The urban-rural ecotone had better vigor but worse organic structure, resilience and environmental quality than the city. The biggest gap between the urban-rural ecotone and the city was founded in economic structure, municipal facilities, social-demographic composition, road noise and air quality. All the above should be considered in the comprehensive improvement of urban-rural ecotone.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1573-1578 [Abstract] ( 233 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 418KB] ( 763 )
1579 Impacts of land use and land cover change on ecosystem service values in Maqu County.
LI Jin-Chang, WANG Wen-Li, HU Guang-Yin, WEI Zhen-Hai
Land use change caused by changes in climate and human activities in high-altitude, cold pasture areas with a fragile environment significantly affects ecosystem services and functions. Evaluating ecosystem services can also clarify the ecological and environmental changes caused by land use change. Our study investigated changes in ecosystem services in response to land use change, caused mainly by climate change and human activities. The aim was to provide guidance for sustainable management of a high, cold pasture areas. We chose Maqu County, a region in the eastern fringe of the Tibetan Plateau with large areas of grassland and wetland, as the study area. We used remote sensing to evaluate land use changes, then applied a fast method for evaluating ecological service values in 1975, 1990, and 2005. The value of ecosystem services totaled 129.713×108 yuan in 1975, 128.390×108 yuan in 1990, and 123.961×108 yuan in 2005, representing a decrease of 5.75×108 yuan from 1975 to 2005 and an accelerating rate of decrease, mainly due to the degradation of high-cover grassland and wetlands. The combined ecosystem service value of wetlands, high- and moderate-cover grasslands, and shrubland was about 92% of the total value. Waste treatment and climate regulation were the two largest service functions, contributing about 42% of the total service value. Future land use planning should emphasize the protection of high-cover grassland and wetlands, which have the highest ecosystem service values and which showed accelerated degradation during the study period.
2010 Vol. 30 (11): 1579-1584 [Abstract] ( 261 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 339KB] ( 913 )
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