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2010 Vol.30 Issue.12,Published 2010-12-20
1585 Characterization of major water-soluble ions in size-fractionated particulate matters in Shanghai.
GENG Yan-Hong, LIU Wei, DAN Jian, YAO Jian, FAN Xue-Bo, WEI Nan-Nan, LI Yan
Size distributions of 9 water –soluble ions (SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、K+、Na+、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+、F-) in atmospheric particles of Shanghai were determined. SO42-、NO3- and NH4+ contributed 65%~81% of mass concentrations of the total ions. The average ratios of cations/anions (C/A) of the particles were 1.08, close to unity, indicating that particles were a bit more alkaline, which may be relative to the lack of determination of carbonate and so on. Mass concentrations of the ions focused in the particles with size of 3.0μm. Cl- appeared equal values in either of the two peaks. Na+、Mg2+ and F- showed both of bi-modals and mono-modals, and they were preferably enriched in the particles with size of >3.0μm. The size distributions of these ions depended on the meteorological conditions, formation mechanisms and sources.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1585-1589 [Abstract] ( 279 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 355KB] ( 1615 )
1590 Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of precipitation in Guiyang.
XIAO Hong-Wei, XIAO Hua-Yun, WANG Yan-Li
This study analyzed the concentrations of cation and anion, and pH in precipitation taken in Guiyang throughout one year from October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2009. Using the software-TrajStat to simulate backward trajectory of air mass, we examined the source of ions and impact factors on ion concentrations. The results indicated that the volume-weighted average of pH in one year was 4.23. SO42- was the major anion and volume-weighted average was 265.63μeq·L-1, accounting for 87.19% of total anions. And Ca2+ and NH4+ were the major cations and their volume-weighted means were 182.90μeq/L and 112.79μeq/L, accounting for 47.10% and 29.05% of total cations, respectively. Good correlations between NH4+, Ca2+ and SO42- were observed, which imply the (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4 and CaSO4 being exist in the atmosphere in Guiyang. Significant seasonal variations in total ion concentration, as high in winter and low in summer, showed that the ion concentration was affected by many factors such as precipitation amount and pollutant sources. Enrichment factor relative to seawater and soil indicated that Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ were mainly from crustal source, but SO42- and NO3- from the anthropogenic source. The backward trajectories in Guiyang showed that the air mass from various directions in spring, from sea in summer, and from northeastern inland in autumn and winter.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1590-1596 [Abstract] ( 321 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 718KB] ( 1577 )
1597 Characterization and adsorption performance of micro-mesoporous rice husk active carbon.
LI Da-Wei, ZHU Xi-Feng
Attempts were made to characterize the pore structure of rice husk active carbon prepared by a new combined activation of CO2 and NaOH, and to investigate its adsorption toward large and small molecules by using methylene blue and phenol as probe molecules. The results showed that the micropore and mesopore volume both reached 0.32cm3/g and each accounted for 50% of the total pore volume, which indicated the abundance of both micropores and mesopores in the active carbon. The active carbon displayed strong adsorption ability. The removal percentages reached 94% for phenol and 99% for methylene blue. These values were comparable to those of the excellent commercial active carbon. Besides, adsorption of the two pollutants onto the active carbon both well followed the Langmuir isotherm.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1597-1601 [Abstract] ( 224 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 419KB] ( 1039 )
1602 Preparation and characterization of HDTMA-attapulgite and adsorption behavior to hexachlorocyolohexane.
LIU Zong-Tang, XU Min, LU Zai-Liang, ZHANG Gang-Ya, JIN Wei
Attapulgite was modified with the surfactant of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) by ultrasonic to obtain the organic-modified HDTMA-attapulgite. The HDTMA-attapulgite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), FT-IR spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The SEM images showed that attapulgite were well dispersed after ultrasonication. The FT-IR and TG-DSC analyses indicated that HDTMA were intercalated on the interlayered of attapulgaite. The kinetic reaction of hexachlorocyolohexane (HCH) adsorption on HDTMA-attapulgite fitted well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacities of HCH on HDTMA-attapulgite were much higher than that on natural attapulgite because of existing synergistic adsorptive effect of the HDTMA organic phase with adsorption of HCH. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Linear isotherm equation models could not be used to describe the adsorption of HCH on HDTMA-attapulgite due to the existence of complex adsorption mechanisms.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1602-1607 [Abstract] ( 244 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 886KB] ( 754 )
1608 Study on photocatalytic degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B by Bi2WO6 under visible light.
ZHANG Hao, WANG Chun-Ying, LI Fang-1, WANG Ya-Qiong, ZHANG Tao, WANG Zhao, ZHU Ling-Yan
Bi2WO6 was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The results of XRD and UV-vis DRS indicated that the synthesized catalyst was in good crystallization and displayed high absorbance in the range of visible light．The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Bi2WO6 toward reactive brilliant red X-3B was investigated. It showed that the dosage of Bi2WO6, the initial concentration of X-3B and pH values of the reaction solution affected the degradation efficiency. The optimum reaction conditions were: 2 g/L Bi2WO6, 20 mg/L X-3B and pH 5.18. Under this condition, 86% X-3B could be degraded under visible light irradiation for 60 min. Addition of H2O2 in the reaction system stimulated the photodegradation significantly. More than 96% X-3B could be removed within only 30 min with 2 mL/L H2O2 added. The photocatalytic degradation of X-3B by Bi2WO6 followed a first-order reaction kinetic. The azo bond (-N＝N-), i.e, the chromophoric group of the reactive brilliant red X-3B, could be broken down by the photocatalysis of the Bi2WO6 powders effectively and the solution was completely decolored. During the limited reaction time (80 min), X-3B was not completely mineralized. Some intermediates were formed during the reaction.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1608-1613 [Abstract] ( 333 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 559KB] ( 1330 )
1614 Effectivenesses and mechanism of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) of municipal wastewater treatment plants.
ZHANG Zhi-Jian, ZHOU Lin-Qiang, LI Hui, WANG Xing, CHEN Xiao-Yan, ZHU Xi, XU Xin
The performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and the activity of functional microorganisms community in ten municipal wastewater treatment plants in north region of Zhejiang Province were investigated. The rates of average P release and uptake were found about 2.4mg/(g·h), and 2.2mg/(g·h), respectively. Denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DNPAOs) were estimated to be 0.0%-80.1% of the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). And the fractions of Accumulibacter as the family of PAOs, and Competibacter as potential glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) were quantified using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The proportions of PAOs and GAOs were varied from 2.0% to 8.7%, and 1.3% to 22.4%, respectively. So it’s a great challenge for these wastewater treatment plants to meet the higher requirements for discharge. It should be better to reduce the industrial wastewater proportions and set a separate pre-denitrifying tank to favor EBPR system.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1614-1621 [Abstract] ( 244 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 497KB] ( 1196 )
1622 Temperature effect on N2O production from nitrogen removal using granular sludge.
YANG Jiao-Ling, GAO Da-Wen, PENG Yong-Zhen
Using an oxic-anoxic SBR system, with granular sludge, the nitrogen removal effect and N2O production were detected by changing the temperature during nitrogen removal via nitrite. The results showed that under the condition of the same influent ammonia concentration, the temperature of the system decreased from 31℃to 27℃ and 23℃, N2O production were 0.706mg/L, 0.565mg/L and 0.268mg/L, respectively; meanwhile the ammonia removal rate were 96.74%, 91.37% and 70.73%. N2O could be produced both oxic nitrification and anoxic denitrification using granular sludge system under different temperature conditions, and a large number of N2O produced in the oxic stage. N2O production under the temperature of 31℃ was 0.647mg/L, which was 1.26 times that of 27℃, and 2.97 times that of 23℃; while N2O production during anoxic denitrification phase with little difference between 0.050 and 0.060mg/L in the three temperature conditions.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1622-1626 [Abstract] ( 293 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 449KB] ( 1181 )
1627 Water environmental capacity model and its parameters sensitivity analysis for Xitiaoxi River in Zhejiang Province, China.
ZENG Yong, WANG Xi-Qin
Aimed at the characteristics of uneven distribution of flow within a year, low velocity of flow and backward flow for Xitiaoxi river, the zero dimension water quality model, which considers the impact of bidirectional flow, has been set up to calculate water environmental capacity. The water functional areas are plotted as calculated unit, and the flows of the most dry month under different hydrological year of P=50%、75%、90% and the lately 10 years are used as design flows, the water environmental capacity results of CODCr, N- NH3,TN and TP are calculated. The confidence intervals for them under confidence level 95% are [17982t/a,45489t/a], [493 t/a, 1624 t/a], [435t/a, 1332 t/a ]and [20 t/a, 147 t/a] by Monte Carlo simulation. The result shows the possible value of water environmental capacity under the uncertainty of the flows and degradative coefficients. It provides comprehensive information for dicision maker. The sensitive analyse of parameters show that the flow of all hydrological station is the mostly sensitive parameters for water environmental capacity, which contribute 73.3%~99.1% of variance. While, the degradative coefficients are the least sensitive parameters except for k2 has definite impact for CODcr. It explains that selecting design flows is important for water environmental capacity calculation.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1627-1632 [Abstract] ( 236 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 890KB] ( 1260 )
1633 Characteristics of degradation of phenolic compounds by two Pseudomonas strains.
SUN Ji-Quan, TANG Yue-Qin, LIU Wei-Qiang, XU Lian, ZHAO Jing-Jing, WU Xiao-Lei, CHEN Fu-Ming
Two bacterial strains, Pseudomonas sp. CO-1 and CO-44, capable of degrading 4-chlorophenol, were isolated from coking wastewater collected from Shaoguan, Guangdong, South of China. The optimum conditions for 4-chlorophenol degradation by these two strains were pH 6.0~8.0 and temperatures 35~40℃. The degradation rate of 4-chlorophenol was negatively related with the initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol in mineral salt medium. Both strains could degrade phenol and cresols, strain CO-1 also could degrade 1-naphthyl phenol and naphthalene. Approximately 300mg/L phenol and 100mg/L cresols in coking wastewater as well as 100mg/L 4-chlorophenol supplemented were completely degraded within 42 hours at 2% inoculum rate. Phenol hydroxylase gene were detected from both two strains, in addition to catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene were detected from strain CO-1 and CO-44 respectively.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1633-1638 [Abstract] ( 285 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 430KB] ( 1480 )
1639 Studies on relationship between carbon metabolism of soil microbial community and soil physicochemical factors.
ZHANG Yu-Ning, LIANG Yu-Ting, LI Guang-He
Based on the investigation of geochemical characteristics of main oil fields in China, Biolog and statistical approaches were employed to analyse the relationship between soil physicochemical factors and carbon metabolism of soil microbial community. The results revealed the complex effects of geochemical properties of oil fields on microbial community in the different geographic regions. The soil physicochemical properties had geographic distribution. Total nitrogen and phosphorus, available nitrogen, available copper and zinc showed positive correlation with the diversity of microbial community. Soluble salt, pH, total nitrogen, and total organic carbon were the main factors that influenced the carbon source utilization. The results indicated that the main factors which affect carbon metabolism were site-specific for the various regions. Additionally, a certain factor could exhibit different influences on the microbial community in the various oil fields. The site-specific relationships between regional soil physicochemical properties and microbial metabolism were attributed to the common effects of the geographic distribution of physicochemical properties and the regional difference of original microbial community structure.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1639-1644 [Abstract] ( 313 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 421KB] ( 1037 )
1645 Spatial distribution of mercury contents in surface soil in Shenzhen City.
ZHANG Ming-Jie, ZHANG Xuan, QIN Pei-Heng, NI Hong-Gang, ZENG Hui
Two hundred surface soil samples were collected from Shenzhen for determination of mercury contents. Kriging interpolation method and single pollution index of soil were used to study soil Hg spatial distribution. The average concentration of topsoil Hg was 70.52 ng/g (median, 58.82 ng/g). Approximate 37% of all samples exceeded the background Hg value in Shenzhen; over 5% of them were in moderate pollution. Overall, Hg content in topsoil of Shenzhen ranged from 45 ng/g to 75 ng/g. The Hg concentration decreased with the uprising of altitude and slope. The mercury pollution were serious in Shekou of Nanshan, West of Baoan, East of Longgang and commercial area in Luohu, which were mainly caused by fuel combustion in industry, Hg-containing waste emission and garbage disposal from longtime commercial activities.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1645-1649 [Abstract] ( 269 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 972KB] ( 1329 )
1650 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on nitrogen leaching in paddy field incorporated with straw.
WANG Jun, WANG De-Jian, ZHANG Gang, WANG Can
A field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate in paddy field incorporated with straw on nitrogen in surface- and percolating-waters and its losses with the waters. It was designed to have 5 treatments in N fertilizer application rate, i.e. 0, 120, 180, 240 and 300kg/hm2, and all the plots incorporated with 6t/hm2 of straw. Results show that the concentration of inorganic nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3--N) in the surface- and percolating-waters increased significantly with increasing nitrogen application rate, while the concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N were reduced significantly in the surface- and percolating-water by straw incorporation. The concentration of NH4+-N in the surface-water peaked on the next day after each nitrogen application, where the concentration of NO3--N in the surface-water did on the 2ed to 4th day after each fertilization, and the concentration of NH4+-N in leachate did on the 2ed to 4th , of NO3--N on the 20th day after basal fertilization. The average concentration and the variation range of NH4+-N and of NO3--N in the surface water of the 5 treatments was 1.23±0.88(0.01~9.89)and 1.14±0.18(0.14~2.86)mg/L, respectively, and that in the leachate was 1.78±1.60(0.03~22.66)and 1.42±0.24(0.22~2.66)mg/L, respectively. In the paddy field, leakage was in a highly significant negative correlation with the elapse of the time after rice transplanting, and the total leakage was 298 mm during the rice growing stage. The net average loss of NH4+-N and NO3--N with leachate of all the fertilization N treatments was 4.77±4.37 (0.45~12.33) and 1.76±1.08 (0.49~3.31) kg/hm2, accounting for 2.57%~4.11% and 0.41%~0.56% of the N fertilizer applied, respectively. And NH4+-N was the main form of nitrogen leaching loss.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1650-1657 [Abstract] ( 261 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 487KB] ( 1222 )
1658 Phosphorus flow analysis of agricultural ecosystem in Chaohu Watershed.
WU Hui-Jun, YUAN Zeng-Wei, BI Jun
By implementing the method of substance flow analysis, the paper developed a static phosphorus flow analysis model of agricultural ecosystem in Chaohu Watershed, and then evaluated the phosphorus losing to water of the agricultural ecosystem of every phosphorus source and county in the watershed in 2008 with statistics and literatures. The total phosphorus losing to water of agricultural ecosystem in Chaohu Watershed in 2008 was 14125.1158t, which was mainly originated from chemical fertilizers (37172.0944t) and livestock excrement applied to farmland (26230.2336t). While Feixi County and Hefei City were the two regions, in which the phosphorus losing to water of agricultural ecosystem (4077.6575t and 2849.133t) mostly impact the surrounding water environment.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1658-1663 [Abstract] ( 262 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 451KB] ( 1042 )
1664 Distribution and possible sources of PBDEs in agricultural soils from an electronic waste recycling area.
WANG Xue-Tong, WANG Fei, JIA Jin-Pan, LI Yuan-Cheng, SUN Yang-Zhao, WU Ming-Hong, SHENG Guo-Ying, FU Jia-Mo
The concentrations of 41 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the agricultural soils from Luqiao were analyzed by GC-NCI-MS,and their distribution and possible sources were also investigated. The total concentrations of 41 PBDEs (Σ41PBDEs) in soils ranged from 0.193 to 91.0 ng/g dry weight, with a mean of 8.96 ng/g,and the concentrations of BDE209 were from 0.0452 to 61.5 ng/g dry weight, with a mean of 5.41 ng/g. Deca-BDE and nona-BDEs were the predominant homologues in most of samples, followed by tetra-BDEs and hepta-BDEs. The homologue composition and cluster analysis showed that most of sampling sites were polluted by deca-BDE formulation, and others polluted by octa-BDE and deca-BDE formulations. Comparing with other studies, the levels of PBDEs in the present study were lower, but it should be concerned that a few of sampling sites were highly contaminated.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1664-1669 [Abstract] ( 282 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 577KB] ( 1246 )
1670 Distribution, sources and ecological risks of PAHs in inland river sediments of Fuzhou City.
CHEN Wei-Feng, NI Jin-Zhi, YANG Hong-Yu, WEI Ran, HONG Hui-Ling, YANG Yu-Sheng
The concentrations of 15 PAHs in eleven surface sediment samples collected from inland rivers in Fuzhou City were analyzed. The results showed that the total concentrations of 15 PAHs ranged from 84.3 to 2248.1 μg/kg and the average was 899.6 μg/kg, which was at the intermediate pollution level. The geographical distribution of the total PAHs can be characterized by higher concentration in the southern and central region and lower concentration in the northern, eastern and western region of Fuzhou city. The total concentration of 15 PAHs had a significantly positive correlation with the total organic carbon concentration in sediments (r=0.7829, P<0.05). Among the 15 PAHs, the concentration of 11 PAH isomers had significant positive correlations with the concentration of the total organic carbon (r=0.6557~0.9256, P<0.05),and the concentration of 12 PAH isomers had highly significant correlations between each other (r=0.6706~0.9908, P<0.01). The diagnostic ratios indicated that the sources of PAHs in sediments were mixed and mainly derived from local traffic pollution. The ecological risks of PAHs in sediments were evaluated according to the sediment quality guideline ERL (Effects Range Low). The concentrations of Ace, Flu and Phe in two sediment samples and those of Ace and Flu in one sediment sample exceeded ERL value. In the case of average ERL quotient of the PAH species, only one sediment sample had the average ERL quotient value greater than 1, and had certain ecological risks.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1670-1677 [Abstract] ( 276 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 563KB] ( 921 )
1678 The possible cause of a dinoflagellate bloom occurring in Longtan Lake.
BIAN Gui-Guo, LIU Guo-Xiang, CHEN Ke-Hua
In the early December, 2009, a dinoflagellate bloom caused by Peridiniopsis sp. was found for the first time in Longtan Lake, which is located in Long Kong Dong water-eroded cave scenery spot, Longyan City, Fujian Province. The cell density of the dinoflagellate reached as high as 1.11×107cells/L during the bloom. By a series of urgent disposal procedures, the blooming dinoflagellate as well as other microalgae was eventually eliminated, after which investigations were instantly carried out to explore the cause of the bloom. Nutrients concentrations in the upstream rivulet and the cave underground water did not exceed the levels of Class II water in National Criteria for groundwater water quality, but markedly increased in the lake water, especially the concentrations of TN and TP. Thus it was suggested that nutrient accumulation, hence the proliferation of dinoflagellate, had been accelerated due to the alteration of rivulet flow pattern by water impoundment in Longtan Lake, and therefore mainly accounting for the bloom event. Moreover, an unexpected temperature increase in the lake water right before and during the bloom may to some extent help to explain the bloom occurrence. The results indicated that endogenous release of nutrients accumulated in lake sediments had made great contribution to the outbreak of the dinoflagellate bloom, and TP might be a primary restriction factor for the bloom.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1678-1682 [Abstract] ( 247 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 423KB] ( 1081 )
1683 Plant growth and metal uptake by Seven Salix clones on Cu/Zn contaminated environment.
SHI Xiang, CHEN Yi-Tai, WU Tian-Lin, PAN Hong-Wei
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of Salix clones for revegetation in copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) mine tailing areas. Seven Salix clones (Salix matsudana, Salix integra and Salix alba var.tristis) were tested to assess their growth, chlorophyll contents, root morphology, metal accumulation and translocation in plants. All clones can grow in contaminated soil or tailing and showed a certain tolerance to Zn and Cu. Salix matsudana Number 10, Number 34 and Salix alba var.tristis maintained normal growth while the other four clones were significantly inhibited in growth. Heavy metals decreased chlorophyll of all clones, and some leaves had etiolation symptom. The root parameters of all clones grown in contaminated soil and tailings were decreased. The metal contents in the plants varied among clones and contaminated environmental. All clones on contaminated soil uptake metals much more than tailings. The accumulation of Cu was mainly occurred in root while Zn was mainly accumulated by shoots, especially by leaves. All clones have low bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the values were Zn > Cu. Translocation factor values (TF) of Cu were <1, but the TF values of Zn between 1.36 to 2.49. Salix matsudana Number 10, Number 34 and Salix alba var.tristis may have potential for revegetation and phytostabilization in mine tailing areas in southern China.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1683-1689 [Abstract] ( 231 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 389KB] ( 1172 )
1690 Uptake 14CO2 from air and accumulation of 14C in camphor.
SHI Jian-Jun
Uptake 14CO2 from air and accumulation of 14C in the camphor were studied by using the isotope-tracer techniques, which was used to get a better understanding of the environmental behavior of 14CO2. And the possibility and superiority of camphor used as the indicator plant in the supervisor of 14CO2 air pollution were discussed. The 14CO2, which was uptaken from the air by the leaf photosynthesis, would accumulate in the leaves of camphor. 14C specific activity was detected high, which demonstrated 14CO2 in the air easily got into leaf tissue of the camphor through photosynthesis. During the early stage of 14CO2 pollution, 14CO2 was mainly uptoken by young leaf tissues while was accumulated mostly in old leaves in later stage. It indicated that the young leaves were sensitive to air pollution of 14CO2 while old leaves had significant the effect of accumulation. Owing to its accumulation of 14CO2, camphor can be used as the indicator plant in the supervisor of 14CO2 air pollution.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1690-1694 [Abstract] ( 286 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 394KB] ( 665 )
1695 N2O mitigation effects and economic impacts from enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers from fields in China.
LIAO Qian-Jia-Hua, YAN Xiao-Yuan
Enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers, including stabilized N fertilizers with inhibitors and coated N fertilizers, can increase N utilization efficiencies. We collected data on N2O emission of enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers from publications and analyzed their mitigation effects by meta-analysis. The average N2O emission from stabilized N fertilizers was 0.66 times of that from corresponding common N fertilizers. The average mitigation effects was 0.95, with no significant roles (p>0.05). Using stabilized N fertilizers instead of common N fertilizers with the same N amount in China, combining with nitrogen fertilizer and crop data from Statistic Yearbook of China, we calculated the mitigation amount of stabilized N fertilizers from fields in China as 1.03×108 kg N in 2009 by Monte-Carlo simulation. Multiplying the current price of CO2, the income from N2O reduced emission with applying with stabilized N fertilizers was 16.86 million per year. For stabilized N fertilizers could promote N utilization efficiencies, the economic benefits were 94 million per year with N utilization efficiencies increased by 8 percent point in current level.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1695-1701 [Abstract] ( 343 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 528KB] ( 910 )
1702 Analysis on environmental sensitive areas a for land use status in Xinzhou City.
WANG Jin, QIAN Xin, HONG Jian-Ping, QIAN Yu
As the new round of revising process of national land use plan started. A series of researches on environmental sensitive areas based on previous land surveys and investigations in Xinzhou, Shanxi were corducted, in order to manage land use in environmrntal sensitive areas, reduce environmental stress and ecological damage, and provide a sound foundation for future land use and land zoning. According to land planning and ecological consideration, the environmental sensitive areas were divided into the ecological sensitive area, water source sensitive area, contaminated sensitive area, high quality farmland sensitive area, the colliery dent sensitive area. The spatial distributions in the areas were obtained by GIS spatial analysis method. In doing so, the spatial distributions of environmental sensitivity were characterized. Areas with extremely high sensitivity accounted for 4% of the total area, and areas with high and moderate sensitivity for 10.5% and 7.5% ,and areas with low and non sensitivity for 40% and 38% respectively. The analysis on coordinating of land function and environmental sensitivity in the area were done and it provided a set of scientific evidences for land utilization and planning as well as optimization of spatial distribution in Xinzhou City.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1702-1707 [Abstract] ( 403 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 640KB] ( 1996 )
1708 Projection pursuit model for comprehensive evaluation of water quality based on free search.
SHAO Lei, ZHOU Xiao-De, YANG Fang-Ting, HAN Jun
The method of projection pursuit(PP)was presented to evalute the water quality for solving the problems such as the incompatibility of water quality indexes and the rough grade levels evaluteed by other methods. Based on the grade division standard of water quality, the projection function which could reflect the variability of the water quality was constructed,and free search (FS) was introduced to optimize the function and seek the optimum projection vector, while the data of the vector were used to research the influential level of each water quality index. Take Fenhe River Basin for instance to evaluate the water quality, compared with the resules which evaluteed by RAGAPP and PSOPP. The achieved results suggested that the error precision of FSPP is superior to RAGAPP and PSOPP, the conclusion assessed by the model was accordant with the actual water quality condition, and the projection pursuit model could identify the grade of water quality, FSPP model is an effectivemethod for evaluating water quality. It is effective and general, which can be applied to comprehensive evaluation of other environmental quality.
2010 Vol. 30 (12): 1708-1714 [Abstract] ( 309 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 564KB] ( 1181 )
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