CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
 
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
　　　　　　　　    More    
Online Submission
Manuscript Tracking
Peer Review
Editor Work
Office Work
Editor-in-chief
Forthcoming Articles
Current Issue
Archive
Advanced Search
Read Articles
Download Articles
Instruction
Template
Copyright Agreement
More   
  Current Issue
 
2009 Vol.29 Issue.5,Published 2009-05-20
449 Vertical distribution characteristics of aerosol during a long-distance transport of heavy dust pollution.
CHEN Yong-Hang, MAO Xiao-Qin, HUANG Jian-Ping, ZHANG Hua, TANG Qiang, PAN Hu, WANG Chen-Hao
A case of long-distance transport of heavy dust pollution from west to east passing through Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Taiwan during March 28-April 2, 2007 was analyzed by using the lidar data onboard CALIPSO satellite. The optical parameters including back scattering coefficient, depolarization ratio, and color ratio were studied. Most large dust particles were near surface while relatively small ones stayed at middle and high altitude and had an even distribution. The lidar data from CALIPSO could reflect the vertical distributions of optical properties of dust aerosols as well as the features of particle size and irregularity varying with altitude during long-distance transport of heavy dust pollution.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 449-454 [Abstract] ( 283 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 772KB] ( 769 )
455 Area source emission inventory of air pollutant and its spatial distribution characteristics in Pearl River Delta.
ZHENG Jun-Yu, ZHANG Li-Jun, ZHONG Liu-Ju, WANG Zhao-Li
The 2006 Pearl River Delta (PRD) area source emission inventories of air pollutant and 3km′3km grid cell-based emission inventories of SO2, NOx, PM10, and VOC were established using the 2006 gridded data of population distributions as spatial surrogates. The total emissions of SO2, NOx, PM10, and VOC from area sources of PRD were 1.12′105, 5.25′104, 1.6′105, 3.14′105t, respectively, for the year of 2006. The large amount of emissions of SO2, NOx and PM10 were concentrated on the cities of Guangzhou, Foshan, Dongguan and Zhongshan while VOC emissions were mostly distributed in Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 455-460 [Abstract] ( 280 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 942KB] ( 2436 )
461 Case study on the numerical simulations of the characteristics of temporal and spatial distributions of O3 and NO2 in Shanghai Area.
PU Jing-Jiao, ZHANG Yan, YU Qi, FU Qing-Yan, MA Wei-Chun
A numerical simulation software Metphomod (Meteorology Photochemistry Model) was applied in Shanghai City to simulate the temporal and spatial distributions of SO2, NO2, NO and O3 in one episodes with high API index for each season in 2004. The resuts were best in summer and revealed the fundamental distribution patterns of the main air pollutants in Shanghai Area. The studies on June 7 and 8 in 2004 showed that the daily variation of concentrations of NO2 was relatively complex, while that of O3 mainly belonged to the single-peak pattern. The weather backgrounds, local meteorological conditions and pollution emissions were the major factors which influence the spatial distributions of air pollutants in Shanghai. In the region at high pollutant emission level, the correlation between the concentrations of O3 and NO2 was not significant, but the variation of the concentration O3 negatively correlated to that of NO; while in the region where local emission level was low and pollutants mainly transported from other places, the variations of O3 and NO2 were negatively correlated.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 461-468 [Abstract] ( 230 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 742KB] ( 750 )
469 NO oxidation over hydrophobic H-ZSM-5 molecular sieves.
LI Yu-Fang, LIU Hua-Yan, HUANG Hai-Feng, ZHANG Ze-Kai, CHEN Yin-Fei
Based on the principle that molecular sieve ZSM-5 can be highly hydrophobic by using a high Si/Al2 ratio, a silica rich H-ZSM-5 was used as the NO oxidation catalyst and its catalytic activity under various reaction conditions was investigated: relative humidity from 0 to 100%, reaction temperature from 10 to 90℃, and inlet NO concentration from 0.05% to 0.08%. H-ZSM-5 catalyzed NO oxidation efficiently in the presence of vapor. When the Si/Al2 ratio of H-ZSM-5 increased from 50 to 300, the steady-state NO oxidation conversion in wet NOx gas (H2O concentration was 1.18%) raised from 20% to 56%. The oxidation conversion in dry gas decreased monotonously as reaction temperature increased, and low temperature was favorable for NO oxidation. In wet gas (H2O concentration was 1.18%) the optimal reaction temperature for NO oxidation was 20℃, which was close to the temperature of NOx in exhaust gas. The NO conversion decreased when temperature was below or above. A 200h stability test was conducted at 30℃, with an inlet NO concentration of 0.08% and a space time of 0.5s. The NO oxidation conversion reached to 60% and 50%, when the relative humidity was 50% and 100%, respectively. ZSM-5 catalyst displayed high stability in saturated wet gas and it converted the waste gas into an optimum composition for alkali absorption of NOx.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 469-473 [Abstract] ( 188 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 399KB] ( 737 )
474 Influence of degradation of the swamp and alpine meadows on CH4 and CO2 fluxes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
WANG Jun-Feng, WANG Gen-Xu, WU Qing-Bai-
In the Fenghuoshan region on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the CH4 and CO2 fluxes and the corresponding environmental factors of the swamp and alpine meadows with different degradation degrees were determined for one year. The swamp meadows with different degradation degrees all showed the characteristics of CH4 and CO2 emitting and the emission intensities reduced with the degradation degrees increased; the different degraded alpine meadows showed the characteristics of CO2 emitting but CH4 being absorbed and all the fluxes increased with the degradation degrees pricked up. In the future climate conditions, degradations of the swamp and alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau would play a promotion role during the regional warming. Air temperature, soil temperature and moisture at the 5cm depth and biomass were the major environmental factors influencing the CH4 and CO2 fluxes.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 474-480 [Abstract] ( 233 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 548KB] ( 745 )
481 Numerical simulation study of internal circulating fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor.
YOU Hong, CHEN Qi-Wei, LIU Ting, QI Hong-Bo, YE Wen-Yuan
A novel three-phase internal circulating fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor was developed and a gas-liquid two-phase model was used to optimize the structure of the reactor. The simulation results indicated that the position and the length of the plates, the size of aeration area had significant influence on the flow field of the reactor. The structure of the optimal reactor was that the riser cross-section area was equal to the downcomers cross-section area, the plates were kept at 0.175m above the bottom of the reactor, the top of the plates and the bottom of the settlement area had the same horizontal position, the aeration area and the riser area ratio was 1.2. In addition, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase model was established to calculate the flow field of the optimal reactor. The solid phase catalysts could be a very good fluidization. There was hardly any dead area in the reactor and the settlement area could display good subsidence effect on the solid phase catalysts.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 481-485 [Abstract] ( 209 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1861KB] ( 703 )
486 Affecting factors of nitrite accumulation in an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic shortcut nitrification process.
ZHI Xia-Hui, HUANG Xia, LI Peng, XUE Tao, WANG Xiao-Hui
A process consisting of anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic units was proposed to achieve shortcut nitrification removal with domestic wastewater at normal temperature. Effect of DO and FA on nitrite accumulation was investigated. DO was the main factor in partial nitrification. The steady nitrite accumulation was obtained when the DO was controlled at 1.5~2.5mg/L in the first aerobic compartment and 0.5~1.0mg/L in the second aerobic compartment, while the ammonia removal efficiency was above 90% in this system. The analysis of microbial community of ammonium-oxidizing biomass using T-RFLP method showed that the preponderant microbe in this partial nitrification was Nitrosomonas oligotropha cluster.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 486-492 [Abstract] ( 186 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 406KB] ( 1061 )
493 Comparison of cultivated ways of denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge using nitrite as electron acceptor.
ZHANG Yu-Xiu, ZHANG Wei-Wei, XUE Tao, ZHI Xia-Hui, HUANG Xia
The effects of sludge cultivation were investigated under the conditions of anaerobic-anoxic (instantaneous nitrite dosing), anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (instantaneous nitrite dosing), anaerobic-aerobic + anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (instantaneous nitrite dosing), and anaerobic-aerobic + anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (continuous nitrite dosing) using nitrite as electron acceptor applied a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for 14 days. Sludge cultivated by the method of anaerobic-aerobic + anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (continuous nitrite dosing) could tolerate the maximum initial nitrite concentration 80 mg/L and the highest phosphate uptake rate 14 mgP/(gVSS·h). The nitrite dosage under this condition was also needed less than others. Therefore this could be a proper way for fast cultivation of denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge using nitrite as electron acceptor.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 493-496 [Abstract] ( 167 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 283KB] ( 567 )
497 Catalytic wet air oxidation of main components of landfill leachate.
LI Yu, WANG Jian, ZHENG Shuang, TANG Jie
Mn/Ce compound oxides catalyst was employed to decomposition of main components (such as n-hexanoic, n-butyric, acetic acids and ammonia nitrogen) in old landfill leachates by catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO), and then the interaction between organic acids and ammonia nitrogen was discussed during the oxidation process.The main components in old landfill leachates were decomposed (>90% in 120min) by CWAO, and the inhibition between n-hexanoic, n-butyric and acetic acids was observed for the degradation of organic acids mixtures during the temperature-rising stage in CWAO. Furthermore, the degradation rate of n-butyric acid decreased when ammonia nitrogen present and n-butyric acid also inhibited decomposition of ammonia nitrogen in CWAO. Ni2+ could lead the catalyst to poison, and restrained catalytic activity of the catalyst.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 497-501 [Abstract] ( 161 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 382KB] ( 618 )
502 Modelling organic matter removal in horizontal subsurface constructed wetland.
XIE Long, WANG De-Guan, DAI Yu
A conceptional model for prediction of organic matter removal with TOC as the check index in horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands was developed. The values of the unknown parameters in the model were estimeted by fitting the conceptional model to one set of the experimental data. Then model was valided by another set of the experimental data. The predicted effluent concentrations were well close to the actual effluent concentrations. The removal rate of TOC for domestic sewage in the constructed wetland with Arundo donax var.versicolor and the controlled constructed wetland were 92% and 91%, respectively. The major organic matter removal process was biodegradation, contributing 84% of the TOC removal. Plant had a little impact to TOC removal.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 502-505 [Abstract] ( 177 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 336KB] ( 606 )
506 The mechanism of bio-regeneration process of natural zeolite.
ZHENG 南, WEN Yue, LI Jian-Bo, ZHOU Qi, YANG Dian-Hai
Pilot-scale zeolite bed was constructed to discuss the influence upon the regeneration efficiency of zeolite by aeration, heterotrophic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. The regeneration efficiency of zeolite was enhanced by 0.5%~1.0%, 20.9%~31.1% and 120%~180% with the present of aeration, heterotrophic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, respectively. Nitrifying bacteria played a major role in the regeneration process of ammonia-saturated zeolite, followed by heterotrophic bacteria and aeration. When heterotrophic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria coexisted in a reactor, a synergistic effect had been observed, which could not only improve the regeneration efficiency up to 100%, but also increase the regeneration rate about 10%. The influence of ion-exchange, aeration and heterotrophic bacteria alone or in combination on the regeneration efficiency of zeolite fitted the first order kinetic reaction. And the curves of regeneration efficiency with nitrifying bacteria was described by y=kx and the Monod equation(R2＞0.99). Through investigation on the change of SEM on zeolite surface before and after zeolite biological regeneration, the mechanism of bio-regeneration process of ammonia-saturated zeolite was revealed.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 506-511 [Abstract] ( 240 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1032KB] ( 795 )
512 The degradation of methyl orange with photo-electro-chemical synergistic catalysis system.
LI Ming-Yu, SHANG Wei, WANG Xin-Le, SU You-Wu, SONG Lin, ZHANG Yuan-Ming
A new two-tank photo-electro-chemical catalytic reactor was designed. TiO2/Ti thin film electrode was used as photo-anodes, and graphite as cathode and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as the reference electrode in the reactor. The effects of cathodic potential, electrolyte concentration, reactive time and pH on the decolorization rate of methyl orange were investigated. Degradation of methyl orange was little influenced by the the electrolyte concentration, while obviously affected by cathodic potential, reactive time and pH value. Under the conditions of cathodic potential Ec-0.6V, initial solution pH3.0 in cathodic compartment and pH5.6 in anodic site, the highest decoloring rate of the methyl orange with 200 colourity was 98.3% and 51.3% in cathodic and anodic compartment respectively when the catalytic reaction time was 90min. Compared with the“two compartment and single effect” photoelectrocatalytic reactor only having photo-oxidation with TiO2/Ti anodic electrode, the new reactor obviously enhanced the degradation rate of methyl orange. The change of UV-Vis spectra showed that methyl orange in anode and cathode was not only decolored, but also the phenyl was degraded.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 512-517 [Abstract] ( 263 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 451KB] ( 1427 )
518 Assembly of SDS intercalated hydrotalcite and the adsorption of p-nitrotoluene.
SU Ji-Xin, YIN Jing, QU Wen, MA Li-Yuan, ZHANG Shen-Ping
Dodecyl sulfate sodium intercalated Mg3Al-NO3- hydrotalcite (SDS-HT) was assembled by one step synthesis, anion exchange and rehydration of the calcined hydrotalcite. The structural properties of SDS-HT were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, TOC and NMR. The adsorption properties of p-nitrotoluene on SDS-HT and the adsorption mechanism was investigated. In addition partition and adsorption contributions to the adsorption amount of p-nitrotoluene on the SDS-HT were quantitatively described. 3 samples prepared by different modification methods had the typical layered double hydroxides structure, and the sample synthesized by rehydration of the calcined hydrotalcite had the highest content of SDS. Anion surfactant SDS formed organic phase in SDS-HT, and the organic phase affected the ration of adsorption of p-nitrotoluene between the surface adsorption and partition. All samples adsorbed p-nitrotoluene effectively, and the effect of adsorption mainly resulted from surface adsorption. The maximum adsorption was 44.5mg/g, which was achieved at 162mg/L p-nitrotoluene aqueous solution on the sample of rehydration of the calcined hydrotalcite.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 518-523 [Abstract] ( 260 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 434KB] ( 924 )
524 Influence of extracellular enzymes on microbial community’s succession in composts.
SU Feng-Feng, ZENG Guang-Ming, HUANG Dan-Lian, FENG Chong-Ling, HU Shuang
The effect of extracellular enzymes of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium on the lignocellulose degradation and the succession of microbial community in agricultural waste composts were studied. Extracellular enzymes had negative effect on total quinone content in the initial stage of composting, but this inhibitory effect decreased gradually along with the composting process. At the end of composting, the extracellular enzymes improved the diversity and evenness of the microbial community, and significantly increased the degradation amount of lignin and hemicellulose. The quinone profile showed that the bacteria indicated by MK-7 as major quinone were predominant after the mesophilic phase, and there was no new dominant microbe found in the composting with the enzyme additive. But extracellular enzymes had great positive effects on menaquinones and promoted the amount of long-chain menaquinones during the final phase of composting. The principal component analysis indicated that the greater effects of extracellular enzymes on the microbial community were observed on 3 d and 40 d than other days, which was consistented with the dissimilarities analysis result. In addition, the extracellular enzymes enhanced the effect of fungi in the whole system.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 524-530 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 457KB] ( 659 )
531 Soil respiration dynamics and major controlling factors in a coastal protective forest.
XIAO Sheng-Sheng, YE Gong-Fu, DONG Yun-She, QI Yu-Chun, YANG Zhi-Jie, LIU Li-Xiang
The soil respiration in 3 Casuarina equisetifolia plantations with different ages in a coastal sub-tropical ecosystem was monitored with an LI-8100 Automated Soil CO2 Flux System from May 2006 to April 2007. Diurnal dynamic of soil respiration featured two peaks, with the maximums at 8:00~10:00 and 14:00~16:00, and with the minimum at 20:00~22:00. Seasonal dynamic of soil respiration featured a single peak, with the maximum at June or July and the minimum at December or January. Soil respiration had a highly exponent relation to soil temperature at 5 cm depth, and a highly linear relation to soil water content of the upper 20 cm. In addition, regression equation—R=a×ebT×W c could better predict soil respiration than using respective independent variable, and the R2 values were 0.69、0.92 and 0.90 for the 3 plantations, respectively. Soil respiration rates were the highest in middle-age plantation, followed by the mature plantation, and the lowest was young-age plantation. With the increase of plantation age, the variation of soil respiration was more sensitive to the change in soil temperature and soil moisture.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 531-537 [Abstract] ( 213 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 533KB] ( 904 )
538 The bioeffect of natural colloids on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Taihu, China.
WANG Fang, ZHU Guang-Wei, XU Hai, QIN Bo-Qiang
To study the effect of natural colloids on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa , water samples were collected from Meiliang Bay in Tahu Lake. Colloid concentrates were obtained by employing a cross-flow filtration system to ultrafilter the pre-filtrated(by 1μm membrane) water samples, with a 1 kDa membrane. Natural and sterilized colloid concentrates together with pure water were mixed in the ratios of 5%, 10%, 25%, then inoculated with Microcystis aeruginosa and cultivated in exponential phase. The added of natural colloids and sterilized colloids could stimulate the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, and the stimulation of sterilized colloids on Microcystis aeruginosa was greater than natural colloids. The added colloidal organic phosphorus accelerating the absorption of dissolvable inorganic phosphorus was the main reason of stimulating effect, and the supplement of nutrient adsorbed on colloid was a another favorable factor. Besides, colloid being the carrier of trace elements also was a reason of stimulating effect of colloid on Microcystis aeruginosa.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 538-542 [Abstract] ( 238 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 446KB] ( 633 )
543 Effect of monocrotophos on embryonic development and reproduction of a marine nematode Chromadorina germanica.
WANG Bai, RU Shao-Guo, WANG Wei
Acute toxicity of monocrotophos on Chromadorina germanica was tested in static culture plate, and effects of monocrotophos on embryonic development and reproduction were also studied. LC50 of the 24, 48 and 96 h were 66.42, 36.94, 16.03 μmol/L,respectively. Monocrotophos significantly inhibited the reproduction of C. germanica. When exposed to 1.0 μmol/L monocrotophos, the number of offspring reduced to 52.9% compared with control, while exposed to 10 μmol/L monocrotophos, neither eggs nor offspring were observed. The sharp reduction of the number of offspring might relate to the interruption of embryo development and damage on testis and ovary. After exposure to 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 μmol/L monocrotophos, the development of embryo was delayed for 1.24, 1.92, 1.96 h, respectively, compared with 17.05 h of the control, showing a dose-effect relationship. Exposure to 10.0 μmol/L monocrotophos caused no hatch of embryo. Besides, the ultrastructure of testis and ovary showed great damage under exposure of 10.0 μmol/L monocrotophos. The sharp reduction of the number of offsproing under exposure of monocrotophos might relate to the interruption of embryo development and damage on testis and ovary.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 543-547 [Abstract] ( 207 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 800KB] ( 773 )
548 Primary research on health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust of Shanghai.
CHANG Jing, LIU Min, LI Xian-Hua, LIN Xiao, WANG Li-Li, GAO Lei
The exposure and risk assessment of heavy metals in road dusts for children were carried out by using US EPA Health Risk Assessment Model. 48 road dust samples were collected in cultural and educational area, residential area, and city squares in Shanghai. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd were more than 6-8 times, Cr and Ni more than 2-3 times higher than the soil background values. Average daily doses of ingestion of dust particles for all the metals were much higher than those of inhalation of re-suspended dust particles and dermal contact with dust particles. The highest levels of risks seemed to be associated with the route of ingestion of dust particles for all the metals. The order of non-cancer hazard indexes of metals was Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu > Zn > Cd, and the order of carcinogen risks of metals was Cr > Ni > Cd. The non-cancer hazard indexes and carcinogen risks of metals were both lower than their threshold values, respectively, which indicated that the adverse health impact on children exposure to metals in road dusts were relatively light in Shanghai.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 548-554 [Abstract] ( 324 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 466KB] ( 1852 )
555 Regional distribution approach for measurement on greenhouse gases environmental liability in urban ecological footprint.
BAI Yu, ZENG Hui, LIANG Yao-Qin, LIU Yu-Fan, ZHAN Wang
The research of ecological footprint method applied in national scale was more successful than applied in urban scale. Besides the defect of trade-correct, the environmental liability of greenhouse gases was ignored when ecological footprint was applied in urban scale. The standard of urban sustainable development should be redefined base on its regional characteristic, where the city belongs to. After analysis of environmental liability in ecological footprint frame between urban scale and national scale, the distribution method of greenhouse gases environmental liability in urban scale were constructed by classifying the cities and computing the index of economic relation intensity. This method could improve the credibility of ecological footprint model applied in urban scale.
2009 Vol. 29 (5): 555-560 [Abstract] ( 205 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 519KB] ( 658 )
中国环境科学
  News
More>>  
  下载中心
   Instruction
   Template
   Copyright Agreement
More>>  
  Links
   Ministry of Land and
　  Resources of the People,s
　  Republic of China
    CNKI
    WANFANG DATA
    CNPITC
More>>  
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
Links： China Association for Science and Technology　Chinese Society For Environmental Sciences　CNKI　WANGFANG DATA
Copyright © 2010 Editorial By China Environmental Science　　Support by Beijing Magtech Co.ltd, E-mail:support@magtech.com.cn