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2011 Vol.31 Issue.12,Published 2011-12-20
1937 Character and source analysis of carbonaceous aerosol in PM2.5 during autumn-winter period, Tianjin.
HUO Jing, LI Peng-Hui, HAN Bin, LU Bing, DING Xiao, BAI Zhi-Peng, WANG Bin
Concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC) in PM2.5 were measured at three sites including urban and suburban areas in Tianjin, from September 4 2009 to February 25 2010. Average PM2.5 levels was 123.85μg/m3. The average OC and EC concentrations in PM2.5 were 14.48 and 4.27μg/m3, accounting for 11.7% and 3.5% of particulate mass, respectively. Secondary organic carbon calculated based on minimum OC/EC ratio method was 5.1μg/m3 for autumn and 6.5μg/m3 for winter, accounting for 40.7% and 35.7% of the total organic carbon, or 4.3% and 4.9% of particulate mass, respectively. EC concentrations had good negative correlations with temperature, while OC, EC and TC concentrations had significant negative correlations with wind speed during the observational period. Air masses looped around observation site (L) and from the north and northwest of China (N/NW) were featured with higher OC and EC concentrations contrast to other categories. Multi-sources (including biomass burning, vehicle emission, coal combustion and road dust) contributed to OC and EC burden in Tianjin during observation period.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 1937-1942 [Abstract] ( 300 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 353KB] ( 1233 )
1943 Analysis on the characteristics and mechanism of a heavy haze episode in Jiangsu Province.
ZHU Jia-Lei, WANG Ti-Jian, XING Li, MU Qing, ZHOU De-Rong
Jiangsu Province experienced a serious haze event during the period of October 27-30, 2008. The API (air pollution index) of the main 13 cities in the province increased sharply during the period. Here, we reported a study of exploring the pollution characteristic and the mechanism of this haze event with emphasizing the concentrations variation of polluting components, the synoptic operation and the source of the heavy haze event. The analysis was conducted by combining the data of concentrations of PM10, SO2, O3, NH3, NOx, and CO collected in Pukou (i.e., an observational station in the suburb area) and Gaochang Gate (i.e., an observational station in the urban area), some other conventional observation meteorological data, and the track analysis of the HYSPLIT4 model. Our analysis showed that the concentrations of PM10, NOx, and CO were positively correlated with the occurrence and development of the haze event, while the concentration of NH3 had no significant correlation with the haze event. The comparison of the data from these two observation stations (i.e., Pukou and Gaochang Gate) showed that the concentrations of SO2 and O3 were much lower in the urban area than those in the suburb area because SO2 was easily oxidized during the period of transmission and the convergence of O3 occurred in the urban area. In addition, we found that the concentrations of CO、NOx were much higher in the urban area than in the suburb area due to the huge amount of motor vehicles emission. Furthermore, the Heat Island Effect in the city made the atmospheric stratification steady at night and reduces the diffusion of pollutants. There was a northwestern flow behind the trough line at the pressure level of 500 mbar in the area of Jiangsu Province, so there was no precipitation event in this area. Steady circumfluence and warm advection before the ridge warms the middle atmosphere and hence made the haze event last a long time during a large region. On the other hand, there was a weak high pressure at the surface in the area of Jiangsu Province, so the atmospheric current flowed downward the area to make the upward diffusion of pollutants and turbulence was restrained. Finally, the scattered isobar equated the small horizontal gradient of pressure, which resulted in the low wind speed. Therefore, the pollutants could not diffuse horizontally quickly. The dense PM10 intensified the scattering of particles and resulted in the decrease of visibility, which was the main characteristic of the haze weather. The low wind speed and low humidity at the surface were also among the most important conditions for the development of the haze weather. By tracking the air mass from the simulations of the HYSPLIY4 model, we found that the pollutants related to the haze mainly come from the mid-eastern part of Henan Province, north of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces. Most of areas in these provinces were the main bases of grain. Farmers reap grained during the end of October that left lots of straws on the cropland. In addition, farmers often burned the straws instead of reusing. Simultaneously the satellite NOAA-18 observed many fire dots in these areas before the haze. Therefore, the burning of straws in these areas was probably related to this haze event in Jiangsu Province.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 1943-1950 [Abstract] ( 331 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 693KB] ( 1444 )
1951 A raw-sample XRD method for quantitative analysis of amorphous materials in atmospheric inhalable particles.
FAN 二Ping, WANG He-Jin
In order to receive sample information as much as possible a raw-sample X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was described to quantitatively analysis the amount of amorphous materials(AM) in PM10 aerosol sample collected with glass fiber filter. A series of crystalline samples were artificially prepared and collected with glass fiber filters based on the composition of PM10.According to the fitting results, a theoretical formula was deduced to calculate the diffraction intensities of the filters under different amount of samples. The diffraction intensity of AM in atmospheric sample can be obtained by eliminating the filter’s diffraction effect on the substrate. Amorphous carbon was used to simulate the atmospheric AM. By measuring the diffraction intensities of pure carbon and blank glass fiber filter, the reference intensity K of pure carbon to blank glass fiber filter was derived as 0.59, and the mass percentage of AM can be obtained by the adiabatic method. With this raw-sample XRD method, a series of inhalable particles samples collected in winter 2010 in Beijing were analyzed, and the mass percentages of AM contained were estimated as 10.44%, 13.83%, 15.12%, 15.88% and 11.96% respectively.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 1951-1957 [Abstract] ( 269 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1008KB] ( 1241 )
1958 BTEX from burning mosquito coils and incense sticks.
LIU Xiao-Tu, WANG Bing-Bing, LUO Na, YAN Mei-Lin, BAI Yu-Hua, LIU Zhao-Rong
：Emission characteristics of BTEX that include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m, p-xylene and o-xylenes, from 6 brands of mosquito coils and 5 brands of incense sticks burning in a small test chamber were studied. The emission coefficients of BTEX from either brands of mosquito coils or incense sticks were different. The average emission factors of BTEX in smoke from mosquito coils were 77, 101, 94, 250 and 94μg/g, respectively. For incense sticks the average emission factors were 732, 598, 2084, 2349 and 221μg/g. m, p-xylene was the most abundant BTEX from both mosquito coils and incense sticks, accounting for 41% and 39% of total BTET concentrations respectively. With the emission rates measured by this study, indoor air quality model was used to simulate the concentrations of BTXT in indoor environment. The highest indoor concentrations of benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene from the burning mosquito coil were 31μg/m3, 45μg/m3 and 86μg/m3 respectively, and the highest indoor concentrations of these compounds from the burning incense sticks were 65μg/m3, 66μg/m3 and 187μg/m3 respectively.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 1958-1964 [Abstract] ( 305 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 414KB] ( 851 )
1965 Biological activated carbon treatment for removing BTEX from water.
ZHANG Wei, DING Wei-Jie, YING Wei-Qi
A series of continuous flow biological activated carbon (BAC) columns were operated for removing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) from water to evaluate the effect of high loading and carbon type on the BAC treatment performance. The inoculated granular activated carbon (GAC) columns (EBCT =3.2min) became stable BAC systems quickly; with the exception of benzene, the TEX were totally removed from the 6mg/L single compound influent during the 40d study. The BAC treatment performance was affected for a few days after the increase in loading (8.68~12.9 kg TOC/(m3·d), BTEX =19~32mg/L, EBCT = 1.2min); the benzene column effluent was affected the most with a peak concentration of > 10mg/L before declining to the base level of 5~10mg/L while TEX in effluents from the other columns remained at < 5mg/L. Both coal and coconut GAC samples of the respective BAC columns treating the toluene feed exhibited much higher residual toluene capacities relative to the same type GAC of the non-bioactive columns due to bio-regeneration. The BAC function resulted in a more complete recovery of the toluene capacity of the coal GAC than the coconut GAC (53.6% vs. 26.6%) because of its more abundant macropores and large mesopores.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 1965-1971 [Abstract] ( 257 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 906KB] ( 1060 )
1972 Adsorption of methylene blue by Fenton modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
CUI Chun-Yue, MA Dong, ZHENG Qing-Zhu
Fenton was used to modify multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which were prepared by catalytic splitting decomposition method. Modification effects on physicochemical properties of the MWCNTs as well as adsorption properties of methylene blue on them were studied. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET surface area characterization, the obtained Fenton modified MWCNTs were clean and uniform in porosity. The outside diameter and surface area of the modified MWCNTs were 30 nm and 120 m2/g, respectively. Large amount of oxygenous functional groups was introduced onto the surface of MWCNTs by modification with Fenton whose isoelectric point was 1.8 measured by zeta potential. The adsorption kinetics curves of methylene blue on both Fenton modified or unmodified MWCNTs could be well correlated by Langergren kinetic adsorption model. According to which, their equilibrium adsorption capacity were 36.4mg/g and 24.5mg/g, respectively. Their adsorption isotherms for methylene blue could be well correlated by Freundlich model giving Freundlich constant (kF) 25.37 and 7.92 respectively. Improvement of both temperature and pH was helpful for methylene blue adsorption on Fenton modified MWCNTs.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 1972-1976 [Abstract] ( 293 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 433KB] ( 1100 )
1977 Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A by a new photocatalyst Bi3.84W0.16O6.24 under simulated solar light irradiation.
WANG Chun-Ying, DAN Guo-Qiang, CHEN Peng, SONG Chao, ZHU Ling-Yan
A new photocatalyst Bi3.84W0.16O6.24 with disk morphology was synthesized by hydrothermal method at pH 12. The catalyst phase, morphology and light absorption property were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, UV-vis DRS. Bisphenol A (BPA) was used as a target compound to investigate the photocatalytic activity of Bi3.84W0.16O6.24 under simulated solar light irradiation. An orthogonal test L18(37) was design to study the impacts of BPA initial concentration, catalyst amount, pH of reaction solution, reaction time and the interaction of BPA initial concentration and catalyst amount on the degradation efficiency. Range analysis and variance analysis indicate that BPA initial concentration, reaction time and catalyst amount affected the degradation efficiency significantly, while pH of reaction solution and the interaction of BPA initial concentration and catalyst amount displayed slight impacts. 99.5% of BPA and 86.0% of TOC were removed from the reaction solution with BPA initial concentration at 20 mg/L, catalyst amount 2 g/L, pH 7 and 90 min irradiation. The reaction of Bi3.84W0.16O6.24 photodegradation on BPA followed a first-order reaction kinetic.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 1977-1982 [Abstract] ( 279 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 857KB] ( 893 )
1983 Characterization of rainfall runoff pollution transportation in different underlying surface of Dongguan City.
MA Ying, MA Yong-Wen, WAN Jin-Quan, WANG Yan, HUANG Ming-Zhi
Based on runoff water quantity and quality monitoring of representative of different land use in Tongsha Reservoir catchment, pollution output process, pollution situation and first flush effect in Dongguan city were analyzed. According to distribution regulations of runoff pollutant loads, the first flush interception reference criteria had been discussed. And principal component analysis was applied to conclude main factors influencing on runoff pollutant loads. The results eventually showed that the runoff pollution concentration of the reservoir catchment was close to the concentration value of typical sewage, pollutant loads were high, resulting in a serious effect to the water quality of the reservoir. Rainfall runoff output had significant features of time, and the common first flush had occurred. The main factors of pollution loads include maximum rainfall intensity, antecedent dry days and waterproof rate. Using FF40 as the reference value of early period runoff retention, intercepting the early 40% of runoff volume would be more effective and economical than intercepting the whole.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 1983-1990 [Abstract] ( 271 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 523KB] ( 752 )
1991 The characteristics and slogistic model fit of the abiotic goethite reduction.
ZHU Wei-Huang, ZANG Hui, HUANG Ting-Lin
The current study mainly discussed the influence of AQS, the concentration of the electron donor and goethite on the abiotic reduction of goethite. The electron shuttle, AQS, can enhance the degree and extend of goethite abiotic reduction. Without AQS addition, the phenomenon of goethite abiotic reduction was slim; while with the addition of AQS, the abiotic reduction dramatically increased after a certain lag time, the time course of produced Fe(ΙΙ) concentration showed a typical characteristic of Slogistic model. In the reaction system containing different goethite contents and fixed lactate content, the Slogistic model fit calculations showed the significant correlation between the reaction time and produced Fe(ΙΙ) concentration with a correlation coefficient, Adj. R2, in the range of 0.9887 to 0.9953. When reaction system was lacked of electron donor, the characteristic of Slogistic model was not obvious, while the electron donor concentrations were adequate, the Adj. R2 could be high enough to 0.9967. The concentration of electron donor/acceptor and presence/absence of electron shuttle could have a certain influence on the Slogistic model fitted parameters.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 1991-1997 [Abstract] ( 278 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 447KB] ( 735 )
1998 Effects of humic acids on the reduction of different mineral bound Hg.
LIU Li-Qiong, JIANG Tao, WEI Shi-Qiang, ZHANG Yan-Min, LI Xue-Mei
Diffusion-absorption method was used to investigate the effect of humic acid (HA) on different types of mineral bound mercury, especially under light condition. The results suggested that two HA (TJ and SH) could reduce CaCO3-Hg, MnO2-Hg and Fe2O3-Hg significantly, and the trend of increasing initially then stabilizing was observed in kinetics experiment. In addition, two constants from Elovich and exponential equation were well fitted with the kinetics process, meanwhile reduction capacities of HA varied due to mineral type, indicating that the order of average reduction rate was as follows: CaCO3-Hg(0.67%)>Fe2O3-Hg(0.42%)>MnO2-Hg(0.19%). Furthermore, light could enhance the reduction of humic acid on mineral bound mercury, showing that the greatest significance in CaCO3-Hg and Fe2O3-Hg, and the average reduction rate was 0.10% higher in comparison with in darkness condition. The reduction capacities of two humic acids (SH and TJ) were different (P<0.1) significantly, and SH reduction capacity all was greater than TJ in darkness, except that TJ was greater than SH in reduction of CaCO3-Hg under light condition, however in the same light environment, the reduction of MnO2-Hg between SH and TJ was not significantly different, which maybe explained through differences of free radical groups and aromatic degree (E4/E6) resulted in various reduction capacity.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 1998-2004 [Abstract] ( 254 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 465KB] ( 616 )
2005 Volatility of trace elements during pyrolysis of high arsenic coal from southwestern Guizhou.
WEI Xiao-Fei, ZHANG Guo-Ping, LI Ling, XIANG Meng, CAI Yong-Bing
Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a box resistance reactor at 300~1200℃ to evaluate the volatility of trace elements in the coal from southwestern Guizhou. The impact of pyrolysis temperature, mode of element occurrence and ash content of coal on trace elements release were investigated. Coal weight loss and trace element volatility were primarily affected by pyrolysis temperature. As and Mo showed an strong release when temperature was higher than 900℃. Pb showed a high volatility at the early stage of pyrolysis(< 450℃), and then a lower volatility when temperature was over 450℃. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the volatility of Sb increased gradually. The volatility of trace elements showed a close correlation with the mode of element occurrence. Trace element of organic phase was most labile, while trace element of sulphide phase and carbonate phase volatilized gradually at the late stage of pyrolysis owing to the decomposition of mineral. Silicate phase was most stable, and basically remained in the ash. A high ash content of coal usually corresponded to a low volatility of trace elements.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2005-2012 [Abstract] ( 206 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 587KB] ( 1264 )
2013 Application of electrical leak detection method in double-lined landfills.
GUAN Shao-Peng, WANG Yu-Ling, NENG Chang-Xin, SUN Wen-Yan
The principle of electrical leak detection method in double-lined landfills was studied. A detection model was established. In this model, the current flowing through a leak and the source current were regarded as two point source currents. The potential distribution equation was deduced. The thinner the detecting layer was, the more obvious the potential anomaly around the leak was, the easier the leak was detected; the vertical position of the detection electrodes hardly affected the potential distribution when the detection layer thickness was limited. Experiments validated this model.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2013-2017 [Abstract] ( 236 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 525KB] ( 578 )
2018 Simulation of phthalate acid esters transportaion in soil of vadose zone.
DENG Chen, LUO Ding-Gui, CHEN Di-Yun, ZHANG Qing-He
The study selected dimethyl phthalate(DMP) and dibutyl phthalate( DBP) in landfill leachate as the characteristic contaminant to make sure the adsorption, degradation and dispersion parameters through laboratory experiments, establish the convection-dispersion mathematical mode of DMP and DBP migration in vadose zone. And its risk to groundwater in vadose zone were predicted by finite difference numerical solution method. The most long-distances where the contaminant could get in the vadose zone: the DMP was 6.5m, and the DBP was 0.5m. DMP would contaminate the groundwater of saturation zone at rainy days, but DBP would have little affect on the groundwater.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2018-2022 [Abstract] ( 241 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 442KB] ( 866 )
2023 Denitrification characteristics and identification of a denitrifying bacteria inhabiting in typha rhizosphere soils.
HOU Qing-Jie, PEI Hai-Yan, HU Wen-Rong
One strain of denitrifying bacteria named XP1 was isolated from the rhizosphere soils of Typha in constructed wetland of Nansi Lake. Some physiological properties of XP1 were investigated, such as denitrification capacibility, ecological affecting factor and growth curve. A certain of purifying strain of XP1 was inoculated to the rhizosphere soil of Typha to determine its enhancement effects on denitrification. That citrate sodium was the most suitable carbon source for XP1 to carry out denitrification, and the suitable range of pH value was 7.0~9.0(The optimal value was 8.0). The corresponding optimal C/N ratio and initial nitrogen concentration were 7 and 30mg/L respectively. XP1 could reach logarithmic phase by 8 h cultivation, and more than 90% of TN removal could be achieved. TN removal rate of Typha could be increased from 46% to 90% after adding purifying strain of XP1. By analyzing the forms of nitrogen of enhancement experiment, XP1 showed high TN removal performance and inclined to utilize nitrite to achieve denitrification. Additionally, according to the morphology observation, the strain of XP1 belonged to Grame-negative bacillic, and the length of single cell was about (0.25~0.3)′(0.6~0.8)mm. Based on the detection of 16S rDNA sequence, phylegenetic tree was constructed. The final analysis results of gene sequence identified XP1 as Paenibacillus sp.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2023-2030 [Abstract] ( 204 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 493KB] ( 643 )
2031 Studies on the environmental capacity of the Dapeng Bay, Part I: numerical study of water self-purification capacity.
XIA Hua-Yong, LI Xu-Lu, HAN Kang
Combined with estimation of the discharge fluxes of pollutant sources and statistical analysis of the pollutant concentration, this paper employed a 3D numerical model to simulate the pollutant transport and seawater exchange processes in the Dapeng Bay. The model results were utilized to calculate the seawater exchange rate and self-exchange period, and to analyze the contributions of seawater exchange and bio-chemical degradation to the self-purification in the bay. It was difficult for the pollutants inside the bay to transport out of the bay as the tidal range was as small as 1m, and the tidal current was weak, thus the self-purification of the water in the bay relied mainly on the bio-chemical degradation, rather than on the seawater exchange between the inner bay and the outer bay. Both the water quality measurements and modeling results indicated that the waters in the Tolo Harbor and Shatoujiao were hard to be exchanged and susceptible to pollution due to large pollutant input and shallow water depth there.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2031-2038 [Abstract] ( 273 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 625KB] ( 1021 )
2039 Studies on the environmental capacity of the Dapeng Bay, PartⅡ: total load allocation and water quality planning.
XIA Hua-Yong, LI Xu-Lu, HAN Kang
Taking into account the background concentration duo to non-point sources and pollutants transported from outside of the bay, the present study adopted the linear programming method, based on the response fields, to calculate the seawater environmental capacity in the Dapeng Bay. The total load allocation associated with the discharge locations was provided in the study. Although the water exchange was weak, the Dapeng Bay still had a large environmental capacity due to its large dilution capacity induced by the large water volume and the bio-chemical degradation. In the Dapeng Bay, the maximal allowable discharges of BOD5, total nitrogen, total phosphate were 79.0,11.418,0.86t/d, respectively. The surplus discharges of BOD5, total nitrogen and total phosphate were 61.34,9.318,0.43t/d.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2039-2045 [Abstract] ( 218 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 732KB] ( 695 )
2046 Comparative study on lake eutrophication control standards in Eastern and Yunnan-Guizhou lake region of China.
XU Qiu-Jin, ZHU Yan-Zhong, ZHENG Bing-Hui, ZHAO Wei
Based on the monitoring data of main lakes in China’s eastern and Yunnan-Guizhou region from 2005 to 2008, as well as the internationally recognized chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration categories for lake eutrophication, statistical analysis was conducted on Chlorophyll a, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), transparency (SD) and permanganate index (CODMn) through method of frequency statistics. The recommended values for lake eutrophication control indicators in the two lake regions were calculated in accordance with the principle of anti-degradation. Shana results that the recommended values for lake eutrophication control indicators in China’s eastern lake region should be TN at 1.65 mg/L,TP at 0.100mg/L,SD at 0.45m and CODMn at 4.50mg/L, while that in Yunnan-Guizhou lake region should be TN at 1.00mg/L,TP at 0.045 mg/L,SD at 1.10m and CODMn at 4.00mg/L. The absolute value of indicators for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient control in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau lake region is lower than that in eastern lake region. Thus, the control standard is comparatively higher in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau lake region. The main reason is that the general water environmental quality in lakes of China’s eastern plain region is currently worse than that in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, because of intense interference by human activities.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2046-2051 [Abstract] ( 218 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 346KB] ( 847 )
2052 Effect of land use on inflow rivers water quality in lake Dianchi watershed.
SUN Jin-Hua, CAO Xiao-Feng, HUANG Yi
Based on data of interpreting TM orthophoto images and water quality monitoring in July 2008, the correlativity of landuse, which was categorized to urban,agriculture, forest and grassland by National Standard for Landuse Category in China, and water quality was analyzed in terms of the whole watershed and sub-watersheds. In whole watershed of Dianchi lake, the urban landuse proportion illustrated positive relations with the water pollution stand(indicating with concentration of CODMn, TP, TN and NH3-N in water), while the other three types of landuse, agriculture, forest and grass, showed negative relations. The urban landuse was the major contributor to pollutants in the watershed, which submerged the contribution of cultivated land. Furthermore, classified 21 sub-watersheds to be 3 types, urban, agriculture and forest –watershed according to different proportions of landuse in the each sub-watershed. There were constant positive relationships between the urban-watersheds and water pollution,while negative relationships were observed for the forest-watershed. Also, the impact of landscape spatial pattern on water quality was discussed. The proportion and pattern of landuse both exerted great effects on the water quality at the scales of the whole watershed and the sub-watershed.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2052-2057 [Abstract] ( 277 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 534KB] ( 1364 )
2058 Studies on algal control mechanism of air circulation technology.
ZHANG Xiao-Lu, HE Sheng-Bing, CHEN Xue-Chu, YANG Feng-Feng, DAI Ding-Li, KONG Hai-南
In order to discuss spatial and temporal distributions of blue-green algae in limnetic water with optical depth and vertical mixing, laboratory and field experiments of air circulation process were conducted, focusing on two key parameters: Emix:Eu – ratio of mixing depth and euphoric zoon depth, and Vmix - vertical mixing rate. Dynamic equilibrium of algal vertical distribution appeared beyond 20h. Within 2h, algal bloom cannot develop at water surface with Vmix31.08 cm/min; while the same situation could last for above 20h with Vmix31.35 cm/min. Coefficient of variation (CV) was introduced to depict algal vertical dispersion, and 3-order magnitude differences of CV were classified. K - the rate constant of algal decay hold positive correlation with Emix:Eu (R2=0.85), indicating that Emix:Eu was contributive to precipitating algal decline. Besides, field experiment showed that algal bloom disappeared as Emix:Eu33.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2058-2064 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 605KB] ( 994 )
2065 Predictive model of PAHs release during the resuspension of sediments from Wuhan catchment of Yangtze River.
FENG Jing-Lan, QI Qiao-Yan, SUN Jian-Hui
Release of PAHs during the resuspension of sediment samples at Wuhan section of Yangtze River was determined using a particle entrainment simulator (PES). Quantitative relationships between applied shear and TSS concentrations, TOC in TSS, PAHs concentrations in TSS were set up by regression analysis, respectively. Combined these quantitative relationships with PAHs partition coefficients, mathematic models were developed to predict PAHs concentrations in overlying water during sediment resuspension. It was found that PAHs concentrations measured during simulated resuspension events were good in line with predictions by models. This indicated that mathematic models could provide good predictions of PAHs concentrations in overlying water during sediment resuspension under 0.2~0.5 N/m2.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2065-2070 [Abstract] ( 280 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 503KB] ( 633 )
2071 Ecosystem service value changes of Zigui county in Three Gorges Reservoir area based on AnnAGNPS model.
TIAN Yao-Wu, HUANG Zhi-Lin, XIAO Wen-Fa
The changes in value of ecosystem services of 1985, 1990, 2000, 2007 in Zigui county in Three Gorges Reservoir area was studied using statistical and observed data, and annual runoff, sediment yield, nitrogen and organic carbon exported from Zigui based on AnnAGNPS (Annualized AGricultural Non-Point Source) model. Runoff, sediment yield, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total organic carbon of 2000 exported from Zigui county were the highest, which were 473mm, 68.6t/km2, 133kg/km2, 33kg/km2 and 684 kg/km2, respectively. All the above quantities of 2007 were the lowest, which were 419mm, 40.6t/km2, 112kg/km2, 20kg/km2 and 445kg/km2, and which reduced by 12.8%, 68.9%, 18.7%, 65.4% and 53.5%, respectively. The value of ecosystem services in Zigui county were also changed in different years. The values of ecosystem services were 45.1×108 Yuan (2000) and 54.2×108 Yuan (2007) respectively, which increased 20.1%. The method using observed data and AnnAGNPS model was objectively which can reduce the uncertainty of the quantity of ecosystem services. This method not only needed a large amount of data, but also had a very complicated process, and which might be influenced by multiple factors above. This might limited the scale and depth in assessing the values of ecosystem services in some other places.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2071-2075 [Abstract] ( 237 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 378KB] ( 655 )
2076 Structural decomposition analysis of the increase in China's greenhouse gas emissions.
JI Jun-Ping, MA Xiao-Ming
Effects of four driving factors on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in China from 1992 to 2007 were studied by employing a weighted average decomposition method of structural decomposition analysis. The results showed that growth in final demand volume was the top determinant for the increase of emissions, followed by changes in input-output structure. Decrease in emission intensity was the major emission offset determinant. Changes in final demand structure contribute little to emission reduction. In terms of emissions from industry, the main sources of the embodied GHG emission increase were construction industry and machinery, electric and electronic manufacture industry. In terms of emission trend, the increase in GHG emission from 2002 to 2007 was much higher than that in other periods. Export and fixed capital formation, which increased dramatically from 2002 to 2007, were the main drivers.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2076-2082 [Abstract] ( 256 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 493KB] ( 1105 )
2083 An empirical research on recycling behavior of waste electrical and electronic equipment and its influence factor.
YU Fu-Mao, DUAN Xian-Ming, LIANG Hui-Juan
Based on the results of questionnaire investigation to 350 urban residents, an empirical research was done on the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), aiming to the recycling behavior, the behavior intention and the influence factors. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the structure equal model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) could be used to interpret the related hypotheses effectively, and some situational factors, such as environmental knowledge, public preach and trash separation of home wastes, played regulating roles on the recycling behavior. Perceived behavioral control played a vital role on promoting the conversion of behavior intention into behavior. While the convenience situation of recycling behavior was an important factor impacting perceived behavioral control.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2083-2090 [Abstract] ( 260 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 393KB] ( 1161 )
2091 Assessment and spatial grading of ecosystem services of Tianjin Binhai New Area based on “function equivalent” model.
WU Xuan, LI Hong-Yuan, ZHANG Liang, MENG Wei-Qing, HUANG Huan-Chun
The relative assessment model of “function equivalent” was proposed. Based on RS and GIS, the ecosystem services of Tianjin Binhai New Area in 2009 were assessed and the results of the ecosystem services fuction equivalent were classified and expressed in grid. The order of ecosystem services function equivalent in Binhai New Area (from the highest to the lowest ) were: wetland, water, forest, grassland, farmland, bare ground; the sum of the ecosystem services function equivalent of Binhai New Area in 2009 was 1068680.13, the ratio of function equivalent cells above Class Three was 71.22% .Generally, the ecosystem services function in Binhai New Area was relatively high. Finally, a comparison was made between the monetary value method and relative assessment method, there was a high correlation between the two methods. So feasibility and rationality of this relative assessment model was proved.
2011 Vol. 31 (12): 2091-2096 [Abstract] ( 223 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 709KB] ( 1117 )
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