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2010 Vol.30 Issue.增刊,Published 2010-03-20
1 Enrichment and removal of nutrients in eutrophic water by aquatic macrophytes
HUANG Liang, WU Nai-Cheng, TANG Tao, LI Dao-Feng, CAI Qing-Hua
By artificially imitatiing natual conditions, three aquatic macrophytes, namely Myriophyllum verticillatum L., Oenanthe javanica and Lolium perenne, were used to investigate their ability to purify the inflow river of Dianchi Lake. The efficiency of the system of enrichment and removal of nutrients in eutrophic water by aquatic macrophytes were discussed from the variation of the content of N and P in a three-phase structure of water-biology-sediment. All the hydrophytes absorbed the nutrients effectively. Myriophyllum verticillatum L. had a better enrichment ratio in the biology phase and Oenanthe javanica performed better to transfer the nutrients to the sediment phase. Aquatic macrophytes played a key role in purification by adsorption, sedimentation, metabolism and enrichment.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 1-6 [Abstract] ( 240 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 648KB] ( 1979 )
7 Effects of nutrients on the plant type eutrophication of the Baiyangdian Lake
WANG Jun, PEI Yuan-Sheng, YANG Zhi-Feng
The eutrophic status of the Baiyangdian Lake was investigated based on the analysis of water and sediment samples from 2008 and historical data from 1991 to 2007. The water quality of the Fuhe River, which is the major tributary into the lake, was worse than that required by Grade V. The primary production of the plant type lake was closely linked to nutrient limitation in the river water rather than that in the sediments. Under higher nutrient concentrations, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) in the river water fitted the growth of the macrophyte, which was ranged between 14 to 16. Reed dominated in the lake and accelerated the local process of plant type eutrophication. Nitrogen is a limited factor of the eutrophication features in the lake. Thus measures should be carried out to reduce nitrogen pollutants, which mainly originate from industrial wastewater and municipal sewage from Baoding City, in order to ease the eutrophic process of plant type eutrophication in the Baiyangdian Lake.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 7-13 [Abstract] ( 278 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 608KB] ( 1086 )
14 Effects of polymeric ferric sulphate (PSFe) on phosphorus removal and ecophysiological response of phytoplankton
ZHAO Xian-Fu, MA Pei-Ming, QIU Chang-恩, LIU Guo-Xiang, HU Zheng-Yu
The effects of polymeric ferric sulphate (PSFe) on the reactive soluble phosphorus (RSP), phytoplankton biomass, alkaline phosphorus activity (APA) and carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (Car/Chl.a) were investigated. After adding PSFe, RSP decreased rapidly, while phytoplankton biomass and Car/Chl.a remained relatively constant in the short term. Meanwhile total alkaline phosphataseactivity (TAPA) sharply increased, and dissolved phosphorus precipitator. TAPA and DAPA were sensitive to RSP fluctuation, so they may be used as phosphorus deficiency indicators.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 14-18 [Abstract] ( 226 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 348KB] ( 896 )
19 Isolation and identification of the extracellular algae-lysing components from algae-lysing bacterial strain L7
ZHANG Han-Zhi, PAN Wei-Bin, MA Chao
Following the isolation and purification of active compounds secreted by algicidal bacteria L7, the analytical methods of L7, LC-MS, UV, IR and TLC were applied to identify the active compounds .The LC-MS showed that the 12# component contains five compounds, whose molecular weights are 243.7, 364.0, 508.1, 602.1, 678.7, respectively. The results of UV indicated that the structure of algicidal compounds might contain two conjugated and unsaturated bonds. The results of IR and TLC indicated that the active compounds might contain aromatic aldehyde, amino acid, alcohol or the saccharide, but not phenol.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 19-23 [Abstract] ( 228 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 553KB] ( 1350 )
24 The effect of rhamnolipid on the mitigation of red tide algae
LI Yu-Ying, LI Bing
The effects of rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the growth of 5 kinds of red tide algae (Alexandrium tamarense, Heterosigma akashiwo, Chaetoceros Didymus, Chaertoceros debilis and Nitzschia closterium) were investigated. When the concentration of rhamnolipid was increased gradually from 0.5mg/L to 12.0mg/L, it displayed different degrees of inhibitory action on the growth of the 5 kinds of algae. The reason for the different susceptibilities of the algae to the rhamnolipid concentration was because of the different fatty acid compositions of these algae. This different characteristic was interpreted by the different fatty acid composition of the algae biomembrane; the lower the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the lower the corresponding 96h-EC50 value, and vice versa. The optimal concentrations of rhamnolipid required for the effective mitigation of the 5 algal species ranged from 8.5mg/L to 15mg/L. Moreover the algal cells were irreversibly damaged by rhamnolipid concentrations of 15mg/L.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 24-28 [Abstract] ( 220 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 374KB] ( 832 )
29 A eutrophication risk assessment system based on phosphorus threshold
YANG Long, WANG Xiao-Yan, WANG Zi-Jian, WU Zai-Xing, WU Jing
Miyun Reservoir, a major surface water source to Beijing, was selected as a case study. The AGP test method was selected to evaluate sources of external nutrient input to the eutrophic water, combined with mathematical methods fitting the eutrophic water body threshold. The indicators of the eutrophication threshold were identified according to the regression relationships among indicators of water quality. The eutrophication process was simulated by a water quality model to assess the risk of eutrophication. Following the above procedures, a eutrophication risk assessment methodology developed based on the threshold.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 29-34 [Abstract] ( 268 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 456KB] ( 1499 )
35 Nitrogen mineralization and its influence factors in the farmland soils of Erhai Lake Basin
ZHENG Jie, ZHANG Ji-Zong, DI Li-Mei, LIU Hong-Bin
The characteristics and influence factors of nitrogen (N) mineralization in vegetable soils and grain soils of Erhai Lake region of China were studied using a two-week anaerobic incubation method. The average rate of soil N mineralization during the two weeks was 65.54 mg/kg. The soil N mineralization trend under different cropping patterns was as follows: vegetable fields>grain fields>garlic fields. The quantity of mineralization, which included mostly NO3--N decreased with the depth of the soil samples. The mineralized N was significantly positively correlated with the total N and soil organic matter (partial correlation analysis)content and negatively correlated with pH, but there was no significant correlation between N mineralization and inorganic N or C/N ratio (P<0.05). The total N, soil organic matter and pH are the main factors which significantly influence the N mineralization in farmland soils of Erhai Lake Basin.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 35-40 [Abstract] ( 213 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 490KB] ( 1316 )
41 Ecological security evaluation based on AHP of Lake Dongting
ZHONG Zhen-Yu, CHAI Li-Yuan, LIU Yi-Gui, CHEN Can
An ecological security index (ESI) system of Lake Dongting was constructed with 14 indices, according to the driving force-pressure-state-impact-risk model. The weights of the indices were determined by analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and the ecological security status classification was evaluated by the ESI model for the years of 2000, 2005 and 2007. The ecological security was ranked as the safe grade in 2000 and the general grade in 2007, indicating a decrease in ecological security. In 2007, compared to the benchmark, the status score was only 57.2%. With further analysis, the TP and Chl.a were the main reason for the water deterioration of the Lake Dongting.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 41-45 [Abstract] ( 283 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 428KB] ( 1648 )
46 Heavy metals distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk evaluation in the sediment of outer area of Lake Dianchi
LI Liang, HU Xiao-Zhen, LIU Ping-Ting, ZHOU Bei-Hai, JIN Xiang-Can
Heavy metals such as As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu in the 20cm sediment core of 22 sampling sites in the outer area of Lake Dianchi were analyzed. The results evaluated using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) , showed that the highest content of Pb was 319mg/kg, which seriously exceeded the guidelines values, and 9 sampling sites exceeded ERM/PEL values. The degree of contamination in descending order was Pb>Cu>Hg>As>Cd>Cr>Zn, the content of Pb, As and Cu was still high in the 15~20cm sediment core, and the depth of contamination of the others was generally as deep as 10~15cm.In potential ecological risk index (RI), suggested that Lake Dianchi hasmid level of ecological risk, whereas the north area has high level, and the order of descent was Hg>Cd>Pb>As>Cu>Cr>Zn. The two evaluation approaches should be applied together to overcome the diversity problem. The contamination degree and potential ecological risk were spatially different; most obviously the condition in the north area was more serious than the south and the content in the west was higher than the east.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 46-51 [Abstract] ( 257 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 576KB] ( 1619 )
52 Relationships between metagenome of plankton community and heavy metals in Lake Donghu, Wuhan
YAN Qing-Yun, YU Yu-He, FENG Wei-Song
Metagenome of plankton community in Lake Donghu was investigated by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes, respectively. Then the relationships between the DGGE fingerprints of the plankton community and heavy metals were explored. A total of 82 DGGE bands were detected, of which 82.9% were polymorphic bands and 31.7% were unique bands. The bands detected at station I~V were 36,34,44,50 and 56, respectively. The five investigated stations were classified into two groups using UPGMA clustering based on the DGGE fingerprints of plankton community. Station I and II were found to initially group together into one cluster, which was later joined by station Ⅲ. Station IV and V made up the second group. These group divisions were consistent with the UPGMA clustering based on the concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Hg, Cd, As, Cu). The correlation analysis indicated that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs, one band-one OTU in principle) were correlated with the heavy metals of Cd (R = -0.942, P < 0.05) and Cr (R = -0.928, P < 0.05).
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 52-56 [Abstract] ( 269 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 352KB] ( 1092 )
57 Water surface change detection and analysis of bottomland submersion-emersion of wetlands in Poyang Lake Reserve using ENVISAT ASAR data
XU Yi-Bo, LAI Xi-Jun, ZHOU Chun-Guo
The wetlands in Poyang Lake Reserve were selected as the study area. Based on multi-temporal and multi-polarization ENVISAT ASAR data, principal component analysis and generated the principal component images were applied , within which the higher components (i.e., those beyond the first one) defined the majority of localized anomalies. By using the higher component images and log operator, change detection of water surface indicated that although the wetland in Poyang Lake Reserve has a lagging effect on the movements of water level outside the lake basin, evidently the flooded wetland is affected by inundation in Poyang Lake. Compared with the widely used Post-classification Comparison Method and Pre-classification Change Detection Method, this paper presents more precise results and proves its own solution suitable for change detection of flooded areas using ASAR data. Moreover, an image which is made up of cross- and like-polarized signals from multi-temporal ASAR data offers a greater accuracy in water surface change detection than a combination of like-polarized (HH/VV) signals.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 57-63 [Abstract] ( 249 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2207KB] ( 1489 )
64 Phosphorus rhizosphere effect of six wetland plants in field
WANG Zhen-Yu, WEN Sheng-Fang, LI Feng-Min
In Nansihu wetland (China), micro-suction cups were used to collect samples of soil solution from the rhizosphere of six wetland plants roots (Phragmites communis, Arundo donax, Typha latifolia, Scirpus validus, Zizania aquatica and Alternanthera philoxeroides), and capillary electrophoresis was used to determine the phosphate concentration of the soil solution. Root morphology, phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus utilization efficiency, and rhizosphere pH were also analyzed to reveal the mechanism of phosphorus retention. T. latifolia was the most effective in phosphorus retention, followed by P. communis, A. donax and S. validus. Phosphorus in the rhizosphere solution (PO43-, 0.37µg/L) was significantly lower than in the bulk soil solution (PO43-, 0.47µg/L) for T. latifolia, but was reversed for P. communis, A. donax, S. validus and A. philoxeroides; no significant difference was observed for Z. aquatica. This field study suggested that T. latifolia was efficient in phosphorus retention with a strong root system. For A. philoxeroides, available phosphorus (Olsen-P) was 50% higher for the rhizosphere soil than for the non-rhizosphere, and the rhizosphere acification and phosphorus mobilization were significant. It should be avoided for phosphorus retention in wetlands.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 64-68 [Abstract] ( 228 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 379KB] ( 974 )
69 Distribution of Cd and Pb in a submerged aquatic plant Potamogeton pectinatus
PENG Ke-Jian, LIU Yi-Gui, SHEN Zhen-Guo, DENG Xiao-Peng
Biosorption of metals by P. pectinatus in a laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate the abilities of P. pectinatus to remove Cd and Pb from contaminated water. P. pectinatus was capable of removing large amount of Cd and Pb from solution.The average removal efficiencies were 84% and 91% for Cd and Pb, respectively. Under 6.67μmolCd/L and 83.00 μmolPb/L treatment, the maximum accumulation capacities were 496 mg/kg for Cd and 10800 mg/kg for Pb and the water-soluble Cd and Pb concentrations were 55.0 and 14.1 mg/kg, respectively. Most of Cd and Pb in the aquatic plant P. pectinatus could be compositions. Scanning electron microscopic and energy-dispersive X-ray microelemental analyses revealed that there was more Pb distribution in the cell wall than Cd. The subcelluar Cd distribution in leaf cells of P. pectinatus showed that there was 15%Cd and 25% Pb distribution in the cell-wall and 56%Cd and 25%Pb distribution in soluble fraction. In this study size exclusion chromatography using a Sehadex G-50 column was also performed to separate various Cd and Pb protein complexes in short term exposure to Cd and Pb. In the leaf of P. pectinatus a portion of Cd and most of Pb binds with high molecular weight complexes, and another portion of Cd could bind with low molecular weight complexes; distribution
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 69-74 [Abstract] ( 327 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 722KB] ( 1478 )
75 Effects of inactivation agent on the phosphorus release from sediments of Lake Dianchi by different perturbance
GAO Yun, LU Shao-Yong, YUAN Ye, JIAO Wei, JIN Xiang-Can, HUANG Guo-Zhong
To make sure if the inactivation agent on the phosphorus (P) release inhibition can last for long time, the sediments from Fubao Gulf of Lake Dianchi were selected, for the experiment to study the effect of perturbance strength on the P release inactivation capability of the inactivation agent (PAC). When the speed of the stirrer was in a certain range, the inhibition of PAC on P release from the sediment was obvious. when the speeds of the stirrer were at 0r/min, 60r/min and 120r/min the amounts of P in the water were about 62.5%, 71.7% and 83.4% of the initial value, respectively. However, when the speed was at 240r/min, the sediment released a great amount of P to the overlying water, which destroyed the inhibition function of PAC on P release from the sediment. The final value was about 3.3 times of the initial amount. Moreover, the P in the overlying water was mainly composed of dissolved P which was mainly made of inorganic composition. While the perturbance strength was high enough, the ratio of DTP/TP (ratio of dissolved total P to total P) was below 30% and the DIP/DTP (ratio of dissolved inorganic total P to DTP) was below 40%, which means that undissolved phosphorus made up of the main part of the TP and most of the DTP was organic phosphorus.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 75-78 [Abstract] ( 256 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 340KB] ( 1055 )
79 Simulation of society, economics and water environment evolution in Taihu Lake Basin under different governance modes
LIU Xiao-Feng, SHENG Zhao-Han, JIN Shuai
A system model based on complex adaptive system theory was created in order to explore the evolution law of a socio-economic environment system under different governance modes. A computational experiment method was used to demonstrate the dynamics of economic growth, employment, and discharge of water pollutants discharge caused by agriculture and industry development under modes of governance which prioritize economic development, or environmental protection. The evolutionary result demonstrates that based on the comprehensive consideration of society, economics and water environment both modes of governance not only promote economic growth and employment, but also improve water environment protection. However, prioritizing environmental protection results in more efficient water environment protection, although economic and employment growth is sacrificed to a certain extent. There are some discrepancies between different regions of Taihu Lake basin. Theseare as follows: faster economic growth in Changzhou and Huzhou, greater increases in employment in Suzhou and Shanghai, and most obvious improvement in water environment in Wuxi and Suzhou.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 79-85 [Abstract] ( 198 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 945KB] ( 597 )
86 Measures and policies for lake eutrophication in Japan
XU Kai-Qin, QI Lian-Hui, LAO Jiang-Mei-Xiao, DAO Sen-You-Ping, XU Teng-Long-Yi
Lakes and marshes are valuable water resources and natural environments for human beings and it is necessary to preserve and improve their water quality. Since experiencing severe pollution problems during the 1950s and 1960s, Japan has been strengthening its environmental policies. Regulations on the quality of water were enforced under the Water Pollution Control Law, resulting in the successful reduction of pollutants during the 1970s and 1980s. In this paper, the present status of the special measures for conserving the water quality in lakes in Japan, and the measures for reducing influent loads from point and non-point sources, dredging of the sediment contamination on the lake bottom and water purification by means of vegetation, wetland, restoration of the lake’s original landscape and integrated watershed management etc. are discussed. The proposal for future lake water quality management was also summarized.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 86-91 [Abstract] ( 267 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 398KB] ( 2085 )
92 Emission control strategies for nitrogen and phosphorus in the Poyang Lake Watershed based on computable general equilibrium model
DENG Xiang-Zheng, WU Feng, XI Bei-Dou, HE Lian-Sheng, LIU Hong-Liang
Lake eutrophication as a result of economic growth, has become one of the most serious environment problems. This paper aims to explore the decision making information for coordinating economic growth and the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions in the Poyang Lake Watershed. An Environmental Computable General Equilibrium (ECGE) model based on the theory of mathematical optimization solution is introduced in this paper. On the basis of the 2008 provincial statistic data from yearbooks, an input-output table were created with indispensable parameters for this study. Following this, an inter-regional trade matrix was built to describe the regional trade and emissions among provinces. the coupled relationship between economic growth and emission reduction were explored and illustrated by applying the ECGE model. According to the estimates, a couple of strategies and one scenario for reducing the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus from those sectors with high emissions were identified. In addition, investment in scientific research and management also plays an important role in the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions at a regional level.
2010 Vol. 30 (增刊): 92-96 [Abstract] ( 258 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 382KB] ( 670 )
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