CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
 
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
　　　　　　　　    More    
Online Submission
Manuscript Tracking
Peer Review
Editor Work
Office Work
Editor-in-chief
Forthcoming Articles
Current Issue
Archive
Advanced Search
Read Articles
Download Articles
Instruction
Template
Copyright Agreement
More   
  Current Issue
 
2012 Vol.32 Issue.1,Published 2012-01-20
1 Simulation and validation of China’s spring aerosol optical depth by RegCM3
DU Wu-Peng, WANG Yue-Si, XIN Jin-Yuan, SUN Dan
Spring monthly AOD and dust-AOD from 2005 to 2007 were simulated by RegCM3, and simulated results were validated by observational data. Meanwhile, the contribution and influence of dust-sand aerosol and human emission aerosol on spring AOD was discussed. The results show that there were mainly three high-value AOD areas in spring, which were southern Sinkiang Basin and parts of northern Sinkiang, Gansu Corridor, and Sichuan Basin with its adjacent parts of central south China, and the anterior two high-value areas primarily caused by dust-sand aeroso lin comparison with the last one mainly affected by human activities aerosol. Furthermore, the validation used by observational data showed that the simulation results were creditable, and it revealed the simulation was better for human activity infrequent sites than for human activity frequent sites, urban sites and coastal sites. As more, the simulation value was lower than observation at urban sites and coastal sites, and the AOD differences were greater between simulation and observation at the most remote sites, such as Fukang, Haibei, Lhasa and Xishuangbanna.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 355 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1107KB] ( 1475 )
10 Size distributions of extinction components in Hangzhou atmospheric particles
WANG Qiong, BI Xiao-Hui, ZHANG Yu-Fen, YANG Cheng-Jun, HONG Sheng-Mao, JIAO Li, FENG Yin-Chang
Samples of atmospheric particles were collected in August at four monitoring stations (Yunqi, Zhaohui, Hanggang, Xiasha )in Hangzhou City. Size distributions of the main extinction components were quantified, including SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, OC and EC. Meanwhile, a wide range of gaseous pollutants and meteorological elements were observed simultaneously on Zhaohui station in order to assess the influence factors of visibility degradation. PM2.5, RH, SO2 and NO2 were negatively correlated with visibility. The peaks of particles concentration appeared in the size of 0.4~0.7μm and 9.0~10μm. SO42-,NO3-,NH4+ and OC exhibited the single modal. The peaks of SO42- and NH4+ were in the size of 0.4~1.1μm, while the peak of NO3- appeared in the size of 5.8~10μm and the peak of OC was in 0.4~0.7μm. EC exhibited the bi-modal and the peaks were in 0.4~0.7μm and 2.1~3.3μm. In order to solve the visibility problem of Hangzhou, the fine particles, especially the size that less than 1.1μm should be reduced primarily. EC was the dominant extinction component in this study and the pollution sources of EC, such as vehicle exhausts should be primarily controlled in Hangzhou to improve the visibility and reduce the haze days.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 10-16 [Abstract] ( 406 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 548KB] ( 1307 )
17 Light scattering extinction characterization of particulates and chemical composition contribution in Tianjin
GU Jin-Xia, DONG Hai-Yan, BAI Zhi-Peng, HUO Guang-Yao, LIU Ai-Xia, WU Li-Ping, JIE Yi-Yang
To know the aerosol optical characterization and scattering extinction contribution of chemistry composition, an online observation work of light scattering coefficient was made, PM2.5 sampling was also made on January, April, July and October which was taken as typical 4months of its seasons. The light scattering coefficient was higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. A relation analysis showed that the mass scattering coefficient of PM2.5 in winter was 5.18m2/g, which was the highest of the whole year. Transportation and dissolution were obvious when the wind speed was above 3m/s; RH played an important increase role on light scattering coefficient when it was high enough. OC and sulfate in PM2.5 might be the main composition that affected the light scattering coefficient by the multi linear regression analysis. Based on the method of IMPROVE to calculate the contribution of chemical composition, organics contributed 38.51% of the total scattering coefficient, which was of the highest.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 17-22 [Abstract] ( 336 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 575KB] ( 1235 )
23 The analysis of heavy air pollution in Beijing during 2000~2010
LI Ling-Jun, WANG Ying, LI Jin-Xiang, XIN Lian-Zhong, JIN Jun
Using air pollution data and meteorological data published by the local authorities, heavy air pollution, which means the Air Pollution Index >200, were closely examined in Beijing by means of time series analysis. There were 4 types of heavy air pollution in Beijing: namely the meteorological stagnant-accumulated, the sand-dust caused, the combined, and the special, which happened 69, 53, 23 and 6 times respectively, during 2000~2010. The four types of heavy air pollution presented in different seasons. Most of the sand-dust caused occurred in spring and the stagnant-accumulated mainly in fall and winter.There were yearly variations in the occurrences of the heavy air pollution in Beijing. Since sand-dust storms were in an active period, the occurrence became frequent during 2000~2002, then fell off during 2003~2005, followed by a peak in 2006 due to both dust-storm and large-scale construction for the 2008 Olympic facilities. In 2007, the stagnant-accumulated remained at a relatively high level, and in 2008 it occurred the least times because of effective countermeasures taken before and during the Olympic Games to cut down emission. Nevertheless, the present of stagnant-accumulated bounced back slowly afterwards although its occurrence was still less than before 2008. Heavy air pollution in Beijing was not only a regional scale problem, but also affected by local pollution sources. The heavy pollution at Dingling Station was all sand-dust caused, and its frequency dropped obviously at Gucheng Station in accordance with the cutting of producing and finally moving out of a big steel plant nearby, while it became more severe at Aoti Station because of the extensive city construction around.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 23-30 [Abstract] ( 410 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 513KB] ( 1384 )
31 Characteristics of hazy days in the region of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei
ZHAO Pu-Sheng, XU Xiao-Feng, MENG Wei, DONG Fan, HE Di, SHI Qing-Feng, ZHANG Xiao-Ling
Meteorological data (1980~2008) were collected from 107 ground stations in the BTH (Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei) area. Monthly and Annual numbers of hazy day for each station were calculated using meteorological element and weather phenomena. The annual average hazy days for Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei depicted similar fluctuations and same trends of increasing. Average number of hazy days at non-urban stations depicted an increasing trend, and the difference in the number of hazy days for urban and non-urban stations had been narrowing over time. Monthly variation of hazy days for the BTH area displayed bimodal trends, with more hazy days in the summer and winter. According to the spatial distribution, the areas with more hazy days were mainly located in Beijing, Tianjin, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Handan, and Xingtai. At most of stations in the BTH area, average wind speed at 14 o’clock in hazy days was over 1.0m/s lower than non-hazy days, and average relative humidity at 14 o’clock in hazy days was over 20% higher than non-hazy days.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 31-36 [Abstract] ( 490 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 964KB] ( 1918 )
37 Emission and distribution of NH3 and NOx in China
LI Xin-Yan, LI Heng-Peng
Annual emission of ammonia and NOx in the inland of China were calculated based on the numbers of livestock, poultry, human beings, the quantity of fertilizer application and production and fuel consumption. The temporal and spatial distribution of emission intensity of NH3 and NOx were also analyzed. NH3 emission in China changed slowly from 10.6Tg in 1995 to 12.0Tg in 2004, while NOx emission increased quickly from 12.2Tg in 1995 to 20.6Tg in 2004, with a mean increase rate of 68.9%. In 2004, emission from livestock, nitrogen fertilizer application, human beings and fertilizer production accounted for 69.2%, 15.2%, 13.9% and 1.9% of the total NH3 emission, respectively. Emission from coal combustion accounted for about 77.4% of the total NOx emission. The emission from coal combustion accounted for about 77.4% of the total NOx emission. The emission intensity of NH3 and NOx in the middle-east zones were much bigger than that in the west zones of China, due to large numbers of livestock, population and quantity of fuel consumption.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 37-42 [Abstract] ( 496 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 850KB] ( 1934 )
43 Change trend of dust emission rates in Taklimakan Desert in last 48 years
LI Jin-Chang, KANG Xiao-Yun, ZHANG Cai-Xia
Based on the formulas recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the dust emission rates trend and impact factors of PM50 and PM30 were analyzed. Both the dust emission rates and the dust storm frequency decreased significantly during the period from 1960 to 2008 in the Taklimakan Desert; and the finer dust possessed more significant decreasing emission rate. The dust emission rates in the early 21th in Taklimakan desert decreased by 65.01% to 85.14% compared to that in 1960s. The contribution of mean wind velocity decreasing and precipitation increasing to the decrease of PM50 emission rate was 37.8% and 62.2% respectively; the decrease of mean wind velocity and blown sand winds frequency, and the increase of precipitation contribution to the decrease of PM30 emission rate was 9.1%, 33.2%, and 57.7% respectively; the decrease of mean wind velocity and blown sand winds contribution to the decrease of dust storm frequency was 41.3% and 58.7% respectively. The total amount both the coarse and fine particles will increase in atmosphere during the windy weather, but the latter had a more obvious trend.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 43-47 [Abstract] ( 368 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 963KB] ( 1330 )
48 Source tracing and characteristics of industrial VOCs emissions in China
CHEN Ying, YE Dai-Qi, LIU Xiu-Zhen, WU Jun-Liang, HUANG Bi-Chun, ZHENG Ya-Nan
VOCs emissions from industrial sources in China were calculated using the emission factor method based on the concept of source-tracing. Industrial VOCs emissions mainly generated from four links: production of VOCs, storage and transport, industrial processes using VOCs as raw materials and use of VOCs-containing products. Industrial VOCs emission in China was 12.06 million tons in 2009, with four above links contributing 18.1%, 6.8%, 24.7% and 50.3% of VOCs, respectively. Seventeen emission sources including synthetic material production, petroleum refining and petrochemical, machinery and equipment manufacturing generated more than 20×104t VOCs per year, accounting for 94.9% of total emissions. The amount of VOCs emissions in 2007, 2008 and 2009 were 10.23, 10.79 and 12.06 million tons respectively, increasing with an annual average rate of 8.6%.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 48-55 [Abstract] ( 479 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 421KB] ( 3811 )
56 Decomposing Chinese industrial SO2 emission change index
SHI Guang-Ming, WANG Jin-南, BI Jun, ZHOU Quan
This study used a Shephard distance function method, which based on production theoretical framework, to decompose China’s industrial SO2 emissions change index in 28 different regions during 2000 and 2006. The SO2 emission change index was decomposed to five factors, including technical efficiency change, technical change, inputs growth, and outputs mix. The increasing change of SO2 emission was primarily affected by industrial energy consumption, capital investment, and outputs mix change. Technical change was the only reason to cause industrial SO2 emission declining. The SO2 emission control policies also played an important role in promoting industrial SO2 control technical progress and technical efficiency during the 10th five year plan period. For different areas, the technical progress change in the eastern, central and western China resulted in the reduction of industrial SO2 emission, where the technical change index was a dominant contributor to SO2 emission abatement.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 56-61 [Abstract] ( 373 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 488KB] ( 1040 )
62 The adsorption-desorption performance of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) onto polymer resin and mesoporous molecular sieves
HUANG Hai-Feng, GU Yong-Yi, YIN Cao, ZHOU Chun-He, LU Han-Feng
Polydivinylbenzene(PDVB) resin with mesopore was synthesized by solvothermal method. Its hydrophobicity in high humidity and adsorption-desorption of toluene, o-xylene and mesitylene were investigated, and were compared with those of the mesoporous molecular sieves (MCM-41 and SBA-15). PDVB resin had a maximum surface area of 1219.1 m2/g. The adsorption capacity of toluene on PDVB was about twice as that of the mesoporous molecular sieves. Furthermore, its adsorption property was not affected by the presence of water vapour. For the three adsorbents tested, the amount of typical VOCs adsorbed increased with the increasing of the sizes of VOCs molecules. The breakthrough adsorption capacity of VOCs on PDVB was significantly higher than that of the mesoporous materials. TGA results showed that the adsorbed VOCs on all three adsorbents desorbed completely below 200℃, demonstrating their good desorption property.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 62-68 [Abstract] ( 392 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 477KB] ( 2177 )
69 Activated sludge metabolic features in low temperature sequencing bath reactor
YIN Jun, LI Rui, ZHANG Zhen-Ting, WANG Jian-Hui, WANG Xiao-Long
The activated sludge metabolic features of a low temperature SBR system (7±1)℃ were studied for pollutant removal efficiency, bioactivity, and the sludge feature aspects. The low temperature SBR system removed 96% of COD within 40 minutes during the aerobic phase. The whole operation cycle was beneficial to COD degradation. The nitration process was restrained and the denitrifying process was unable to work normally due to the effect of low temperature. The low temperature was not the key factor that affected the phosphorus metabolic process of poly-P bacteria in the SBR reactor, as the poly-P bacteria could absorb and release the phosphorus normally in the low temperature environment. The TTC(2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride) and INT[2-(p-indophenols)-3-(p-nitro phenyl)-5-phenyl-tetrazolium Chloride] Electron Transport System(ETS) activity can effectively characterize the operation of activated sludge metabolic properties. Sludge in the stable operated low-temperature SBR system showed good settling. MLSS, MLVSS and MLVSS/MLSS in the low temperature SBR system were higher than that in normal temperature SBR system.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 69-74 [Abstract] ( 333 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 380KB] ( 1371 )
75 Effect of dosing GAC on the denitrification performance of membrane bioreactor.
HONG Jun-Ming, YIN Juan
In order to study the effect of addition GAC on operation parameters and treatment efficiencies in the MBR, the denitrification performance, the permeable membrane pressure and the membrane flux of membrane bioreactor (MBR) and granules activated carbon-membrane bioreactor (GAC-MBR) were investigated. The two bioreactors were simulated by the activated sludge model No.1 (ASM1). The operation period of MBR and GAC-MBR were 75, 150h, respectively. The fouling rate of MBR was slowed, the opearation period was prolonged by addition GAC. The effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration of MBR and GAC-MBR was 0.5, 6mg/L, respectively. The effluent COD concentrations of them were less than 20mg/L. The effluent nitrate concentration of MBR and GAC-MBR was 4.5, 2mg/L. The effluent total nitrogen concentrations of MBR and GAC-MBR was 5, 10mg/L. The outflow water quality was better than the first grade A required by the discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant. Using the activated sludge model No.1 (ASM1) to simulate two bioreactors, the simulated value of water quality was similar to the experimental value; the most of microorganisms were ammonia oxidizing bacterias and heterotrophices. The mass faction of heterotrophices was 95.5%, 97.7% in the MBR, GAC-MBR, respectively. The mass faction of ammonia oxidizing bacterias was 4.4% in the MBR and 2.3% in the GAC-MBR, respectively. Addition GAC could relieve the membrane fouling and have a good removal efficiency of the pollutants.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 75-80 [Abstract] ( 347 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 873KB] ( 997 )
81 Removal of diclofenac on calyx [4] arene based Amberlite XAD-4 resin from aqueous solutions
WANG Yue, XIONG Zhen-Hu, ZHOU Jian-Guo
The calyx [4] arene was synthesized and connected to Amberlite XAD-4 resin covalently through a diazotization bound. The structure of Amberlite XAD-4 resin base on calyx [4] arene was characterized using FT-IR, SEM and TG/DTA. The sorption results showed that Amberlite XAD-4 resin base on calyx [4] arene had much better removal to the diclofenac in aqueous solutions than Amberlite XAD-4 resin and calyx [4] arene which were presence alone in aqueous solutions. The removal rate of diclofenac increased rapidly with the calyx [4] arene modified Amberlite XAD-4 resin dosage. In the condition of DCF concentration was 20mg/L, when the Amberlite XAD-4 resin base on calyx [4] arene dosage came up to 80mg/L, the removal rate of diclofenac was 92.8% and reached equilibrium, the corresponding amount adsorbed was 34.02mg/g. Kinetic analyses were conducted using pseudo first-order and second-order models. The linear correlation coefficients and standard deviations of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were determined, and the results revealed that Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were ?tted the experimental data well. The thermodynamic parameters calculated indicated, ΔH and ΔG were negative, which predicated adsorption process of diclofenac on f Amberlite XAD-4 resin base on calyx [4] arene resin was exothermic and spontaneous.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 81-88 [Abstract] ( 351 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 897KB] ( 1142 )
89 Kinetics and mechanism of photolysis of new insecticide butylene fipronil
WANG Yu, XIA Ting-Ting, CHEN Jing-Wen, CAI Xi-Yun
Photolysis of butylene fipronil was investigated, including reaction kinetics, transformation product identification and theoretical computation analysis. Photolysis of butylene fipronil under simulated sunlight was well fitted to first-order kinetic model with a half-life of 17.34min. Humic acids significantly reduced photoactivity of the insecticide, due to competitive light absorption, while NO3- and Cl-, didn’t affect its photolysis. Major transformation products were identified as desulfinyl derivative (MW 442.0), sulfone derivative (MW 506.0) and sulfide derivatives (MW 473.9 and 405.8). The proposed pathway of the insecticide was further confirmed by bond order and bond length analysis. The bonds round sulfur atom were easily broken and rearranged to form the transformation products.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 89-93 [Abstract] ( 357 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 408KB] ( 905 )
94 Three dimensional excitation-emission florescence spectra of expolymer substances in activated sludge of WWTP
YAO Meng, LUO Hong-Yuan, XIE Xiao-Qing, DAI Lan-Hua, WU Wei, ZHANG Kai-Song
Three-dimensional emission and excitation matrixs (EEMs) was used to characterize the soluble micro-products (SMP), loosely-bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) and tightly-bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) extracted from activated sludge in five municipal wastewater treatment plants in Xiamen (WWTP). Three fluorescence peaks were identified in EEMs of SMP, LB-EPS and TB-EPS, in which Peak A (Ex/Em=225~230/335~ 350nm) and Peak B (Ex/Em=275~280/330~350nm) were attributed to the protein-like fluorophores, and Peak C (Ex/Em=320~350/420~445nm) was characterized as humic-like fluorophores. Results of the peak intensity showed that the major components of LB-EPS and TB-EPS were significant correlated with TOC concentration in some degree. Fluorescence regional integration (FRI) analysis showed that microbial by-products existed in TB-EPS much more than that in LB-EPS and SMP. The sum FRI of I, II and IV regions presented linear relationship with TOC concentration in LB-EPS and TB-EPS.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 94-99 [Abstract] ( 512 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 629KB] ( 3316 )
100 An innovate method to recycle non-metallic materials from waste printed circuit board
DUAN Hua-Bo, LI Jin-Hui, WANG Si-Ting
The reuse of non-metallic material separated from PWBs residues before and after thermo-shocked pretreatment was investigated. With the blending of various additives from silane coupling agents, lubricant agents, anti-oxidizing agents to processing modifier, the non-metallic material could be filled to produce polymeric composite materials subjected to the injection and molding processes. Said method was also appropriate to thermo-shocked non-metallic material. The mechanical property was qualified by compared with the standard limit of related composite materials. The maximum amount of recyclate that could be added to a composite board was 30% of weight, with the additive agents of: silane coupling agents (1%), lubricant agents (1%), anti-oxidizing agents (1%) and processing modifier (5%).
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 100-104 [Abstract] ( 250 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 798KB] ( 1006 )
105 Effects of dissolved organic matters (DOMs) on the sorption and desorption behaviors of phenanthrene by sediments
WANG Zhi-Xia, GE Xiao-Peng, YAN Xiao-Min, LIN Jin, ZHOU Yan-Mei, WANG Dong-Sheng
The sorption and desorption behaviors of phenanthrene were investigated on two representative sediments collected from Dongjiang (D) and Liangshuihe (L) rivers, respectively, using a batch method. The effects of dissolved organic matters (DOMs) in the sediment extracts on the sorption and desorption performance were studied. The inhibitory sorption of phenanthrene was significant when using DOMs as the aqueous medium of batch experiments, in which an inverse linearity between the adsorption capacity and DOMs content was evident in the DOC concentration range used (0~110mg/L). The higher the DOC concentration was used, the stronger the inhibitory sorption of phenanthrene was identified. With the DOMs added as the medium of batch experiments a linear sorption behavior of phenanthrene on the sediments was obvious, the Kd values of which increase as the DOC concentration was diminished, while desorption hysteresis of phenanthrene could be characterized by the hysteresis indices (TII). As the initial concentration of phenanthrene increases, the TII index decreased first and then went up, which could be explained with the makeup ratios of phenanthrene molecules on the high and low adsorption sites and the extent to which they were confined inside the micropores of adsorbent. The occurrence of DOMs in the adsorption system could facilitate desorption of phenanthrene from the sediments and thus attenuate their desorption hysteresis, promoting the transport and migration ability of contaminants in the aquatic environment medium.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 105-112 [Abstract] ( 410 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 458KB] ( 1399 )
113 Light fractions of soil organic carbon and microbial activity dynamics in marshes under different water conditions.
HOU Cui-Cui, SONG Chang-Chun, LI Ying-Chen, YANG Gui-Sheng
The experiment was carried out during the growing season in 2009 in Sanjiang Plain, northeast of China. The soils of 0~20cm layer Carex lasiocapa marshes under different depth of standing water conditions were collected monthly for measuring the active organic carbon fractions. Seasonal dynamic of light fractions of soil organic carbon (LFOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were studied. Compared to the C. lasiocapa marsh with 10~20cm standing water, the marsh with 17~30cm standing water had higher aboveground biomass, SOC and LFOC content. As the growing season started, freeze-thawing process increased the organic carbon content of light fraction, while after that light fractions accumulated carbon slower than the heavy fractions (HF), indicating that soil characters in C. lasiocapa marsh were beneficial to the maintenance of HF. Besides, water table affected the relation between SOC and microbial activity. SOC was significantly related to MBC under 10~20cm standing water condition (R2=0.859), but under 17~30cm standing water condition the relation was not evident. Besides, the lower MBC and microbial quotient in C. lasiocapa marsh with 17~30cm standing water suggested that higher water table elevated the stability of soil carbon pool.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 113-119 [Abstract] ( 372 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 353KB] ( 1809 )
120 Uptake 14CO2 from air and accumulation of 14C in broadbean-soil system
SHI Jian-Jun
Uptake 14CO2 from air and accumulation of 14C in broadbean-soil system were studied by using the isotope-tracer techniques, which was used to get a better understanding of the environmental behavior of 14CO2. The 14CO2, which was absorbed from the air by the leaf photosynthesis of broadbean, would be sent to the other parts of the broadbean and form a accumulating trend. 14C specific activity was detected high, which demonstrated 14CO2 in the air easily got into every tissue of broadbean through photosynthesis. The specific activity of 14C in every tissue increased linearly with time. And the increasing rate was within the range from 20.3 to 45.1 Bq/(g·d). The order of the rate in tissues was as below: leaf blade >stalk> root >husk>seed. The broadbean had an intensive concentration of 14CO2. The concentration factor values increased rapidly with time, and those in the leaf blade reach the highest level(31.61 in 56 days) and followed by the husk (25.54 in 56days). Owing to its high accumulation of 14CO2, the broadbean could be used as the indicator plant in the supervisor of 14CO2 air pollution.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 120-124 [Abstract] ( 234 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 385KB] ( 942 )
125 Screening of an aciduric hydrogen producing mutant Pantoea agglomerans and characterization of hydrogen production
LIU Hong-Yan, ZHU Da-Ling, WANG Wen-Lei
A Tn7-based transposon was randomly inserted into genomic DNA of Pantoea agglomerans BH18, isolated from mangrove sludge. Mutants were screened by Kanr and amplification of the inserted sequences. At the initial pH 4.0, an aciduric and highly effective hydrogen producing mutant TB220 was screened using hydrogen production as screening index. The aciduric mutant TB220 was tested to have steady heredity and hydrogen-producing capability in several passages. The mutant TB220 was able to produce hydrogen over a wide rang of initial pH from 3.5 to 7.0, with an optimum initial pH of 6.0, and hydrogen production was (2.39 ± 0.08)mol H2/mol glucose. Under the marine conditions with the initial pH of 4.0 and glucose concentration of 10 g/L, hydrogen production of the mutant TB220 was (0.47 ± 0.02) mol H2/mol glucose, increasing by 70% compared with wild type. This indicated that the mutant showed high acid resistance capability.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 125-129 [Abstract] ( 268 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 374KB] ( 922 )
130 Optimization of synthetic culture condition of cellulase producing strains using orthogonal experimental design
HUANG Rong-Zi, WAN Jin-Quan, MA Yong-Wen, HUANG Ming-Zhi, YANG Yi-Qing
The five single factors for cellulose biodegradation ability of cellulase producing strains were optimized by orthogonal experiments using mixed carbon source under 30°C, and were used in wastewater treatment system with anaerobic and aerobic processes. Five single culture factors promoted cellulase activity and cellulose degradation-rate in varying degrees. Moreover, the optimal culture conditions of anaerobe obtained through orthogonal experiments were not in accordance with that of aerobe. In the wastewater treatment system, the optimal synthetic condition was MgSO4 of 30mg/L, CoCl2 of 20mg/L , the ratio of CNP of 400:5:1, NH4Cl (of 28.7mg/L) as nitrogen source and pH7.0 . The cellulase activities (CA), enzymatic stabilities (ES), and cellulose degradation-rates (CDR) of anaerobe and aerobe were as follows: CA: 4801U/L, 4794U/L; ES: 91.0%, 95.5%; CDR: 31.9%, 28.4% .
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 130-135 [Abstract] ( 276 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 406KB] ( 1268 )
136 Nutrients retrieval in the Dayang River Estuary based on HJ-1 satellite remote-sensed imagery
WANG Lin, ZHAO Dong-Zhi, YANG Jian-Hong
On the basis of in situ measurement data in the Dayang River Estuary and HJ-1 satellite CCD imagery, the nutrients retrieval algorithms were studied. The nitrite (NO2--N) concentration had the best correlation with the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) in Band 2 (520~600nm), following a natural logarithmic function (R2=0.939). The ammonia (NH4+-N) concentration was best correlated with Rrs in Band 2 as well, following a linear function (R2=0.935). Besides, the nitrate (NO3--N) and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were best correlated with Rrs in Band 1 (430~520nm), likewise following linear functions (R2=0.945 and 0.970 respectively). However, good relationship between the phosphate (PO43--P) and Rrs in any band was not found. Theoretically, nutrients were not optically sensitive substance in the visible light band, thus these empirical relationships between nutrients and equivalent remote sensing reflectance were largely due to the typical diffusion characteristics of river input materials, which indirectly led to high correlativity between nutrients and some optical coefficients, like the absorption of yellow substance (ag(400)). The indirect correlation proposes the potential feasibility of nutrients retrieval in the estuary waters through satellite remote-sensed imagery. Applying the retrieval algorithm to the HJ-1 satellite data, a euphotic zone with extremely high concentration of nutrients was detected in the Dayang River Estuary, and various nutrients gradually declined from the estuary to open seas.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 136-141 [Abstract] ( 370 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 681KB] ( 1285 )
142 The fauna structure of benthic macro-invertebrates for environmental restoration in a eutrophic lake using water hyacinths
WANG , ZHI , ZHANG Zhi-Yong, ZHANG Jun-Qian, ZHANG Ying-Ying, YAN Shao-Hua
From August to October in 2010, approximately 70 hectares of water hyacinth were planted at the Baishan Bay in Lake Dianchi and benthic macro-invertebrates were sampled. The densities of benthic macro-invertebrates in water hyacinth area (WHA), near water hyacinth area (NWHA) and far water hyacinth area (FWHA) were 294.5,159 and 261 ind/m2, respectively. Amongst of all present species, oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was the dominant species, representing 68.3% (WHA), 59.6% (NWHA) and 86.0% (FWHA). Stepwise regression analysis showed a significantly positive relationship (P < 0.01) between the densities of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri to the total phosphorus (TP) in the water and Labile-P in the sediment. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was a good indicator of eutrophication. The richness and biodiversity in WHA were higher (P < 0.05) than that in the NWHA and FWHA. The richness of benthic macro-invertebrates was 14 in WHA, 10 in NWHA and 6 in FWHA, respectively. Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes in WHA, NWHA and FWHA were 1.10, 0.57 and 0.54, respectively. After planting water hyacinth in the lake, in WHA and NWHA, the Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Peilou index in October 2010 were significantly increased comparing to August and September 2010 (P < 0.05). However, these indexes were not significantly different at FWHA during the research intervals. A controlled presence of water hyacinth is not harmful to benthic invertebrates in a eutrophic lake.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 142-149 [Abstract] ( 343 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 505KB] ( 1823 )
150 Toxic effects of naphthalene on the growth of Phaeodactylum tricomutum and relevant biochemical indexes
LI Yan-Mei, ZENG Wen-Lu, YU Qiang, ZHOU Qi-Xing
Phaeodactylum tricomutum was selected as target organism to study the toxicity of naphthalene under various concentration. From 0h to 168h, the optical absorbance, xanthophyll and carotene content had no obvious difference with blank control in low-concentration groups of naphthalene (0.048~2mg/L). However, when the concentration of naphthalene reached 8mg/L or more, dramatically decreases of the optical absorbance, xanthophyll and carotene content were gained. Activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased at first and then decreased remarkably with the increasing concentration of naphthalene, showed as “Bell Shaped Curve”. And the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) decreased slightly and then flared up and lipid peroxidant aggregated with the increasing concentration of naphthalene.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 150-155 [Abstract] ( 335 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 447KB] ( 1028 )
156 Cytotoxicity assessment of fine particles from coal combustion on EA. hy926 vascular endothelial cells
LIU Fang-Ying, WANG Fei-Fei, DING Ming-Yu, LI Jie
The coal sample taken from Yinchuan, coal-fired PM2.5 was sampled by fixed source dilution channel and PM2.5 suspension was extracted by ultrasonic water-bath method. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with PM2.5 suspension at various concentrations and exposed for different times (6h, 12h, and 24h). The MTS assay was used to measure the effect of PM2.5 on cell proliferation of EA. hy926. Coal-fired PM2.5 suspension decreased the viability of vascular endothelial cells at different times and exposure time groups of 12h and 24h showed significance statistically in comparison to the solvent control. Compared with the same concentration group of 12h and 6h, exposure time groups of 24h had statistically significant differences. Coal-fired PM2.5 could significantly decrease the viability of hman umbilical vein endothelial cells in dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Vascular endothelial injury might be one of the possible mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity caused by coal-fired PM2.5.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 156-161 [Abstract] ( 393 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 380KB] ( 1564 )
162 Combined toxicity of QD-Cu2+ on L02 cells and protective effect of NAC
ZHAO Yu-Xia, LIN Kuang-Fei, ZHANG Wei, LIU Li-Li
The oxidative injury of individual QDs or Cu2+ to hepatic cells were both reported, the combined toxicity is concerned due to the co-existence of these two chemicals in human liver. We thus employed human hepatic L02 cells to test the combined toxicity of QDs and Cu2+(lower toxicity) through the cell viability decrease and cell morphology changes, meanwhile, the protective effect of antioxidant reagent NAC was used to evaluate the oxidant injury associated toxicity mechanism. The results showed that both QDs and Cu2+ could decrease the cells viability, and addition of IC10 of QDs could significantly improve Cu2+ induced cell toxicity with cell viability decrease up to 300 %. NAC showed remarkable protective effects with almost identical cell viability and cell morphology compared to the control, indicating the coexistence of lower toxicity of QDs could improve Cu2+ induced L02 cells toxicity, and NAC could effectively decrease QDs-Cu2 induced oxidant injury toxicity.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 162-167 [Abstract] ( 370 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 797KB] ( 1206 )
168 Synthesis and characterization of a pH fluorescence compound
MA Yong-Shan, WU Jun-Sen, LIU Lei, ZHANG Chao
N, N'-bi(L-phenylalanine amine)-perylene-3,4; 9,10-dicarboxylic diimide(PDCDA)was synthesized and characterized. The absorbance and fluorescence of PDCDA (10-5 mol/L) in aqueous solution were studied by varied pH values. The mechanism of the fluorescence indensity change was also discussed. And a fluorescent pH sensor was designed with PDCDA. It was water-soluble and had high fluorescent quantum yield. The fluorescence intensity of PDCDA was strongly dependent on pH, which was strong and stable in alkaline or neutral solution and was weakened in acid solution. The fluorescence intensity of PDCDA changed obviously even in a small pH range. The π-π stacking caused by pH led to the change of flourescence spectrum and absorption spectrum．The PDCDA can be used as a fluorescent pH sensor and the pH detection range was 3.8~6.3.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 168-172 [Abstract] ( 310 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 419KB] ( 1167 )
173 Computational intelligence based optimization study on the watershed discharge of sewage
WANG Yi, LI Jing-Wen, SHAO Xue, TIAN Zai-Xing, GUO Liang, JIANG Ji-Ping, WANG Peng
A general optimization framework about watershed discharge was established based on artificial neutral network and genetic algorithm. Through simulating and optimizing the sampling data from sewage outlets and monitoring sections, the optimal reducing discharge strategies could be obtained to reach the permitted standards. Then combined with scenario analysis theory, the COD optimization research was studied on Zhushuntun-Dongjiangqiao (S1) and Dongjiangqiao-Dadingzishan (S2) functional areas in Songhua river-Harbin region. The average COD cut rates of Hejiagou and Songbei outlets were 23% and 25% respectively when the S1 was under criterion III for functional areas, while they increased to 64% and 42% when S1 was under criterion II. And when the S2 was under criterion II, the cut rates of Taiping, Ashen River and Hulan River were 18%, 53% and 25%, respectively. The computational intelligence based optimization method has high operability and practicality, and it also could get the optimal discharge strategy of each outlet scientifically and reasonably.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 173-180 [Abstract] ( 333 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 562KB] ( 913 )
181 Ecological environment condition evaluation mode of county region based on remote sensing techniques
LIU Rui, WANG Shi-Xin, ZHOU Yi, YAO Yao, HAN Xiang-Di
A new ecological environment condition evaluation model of county region based on remote sensing techniques only was proposed. In this model, the classification method based on support vector machines with an HJ-1 CCD image of Qinnan district, Guangxi province was used for extraction of land use data. Indices of biodiversity, vegetation coverage, water density, soil erosion and human activities were extracted and the weighted sums of them were composed of regional ecological index which was used to evaluate the regional eco-environmental quality. Overall ecological environment was relatively good. Area in good land accounted for 64.105% of Qinnan district ,which mainly distributed in forest area; 31.206% of the whole district belonged to moderate grade which distributed in areas with rich water resources; poor land accounted for 3.668% which distributed in building areas.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 181-186 [Abstract] ( 378 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 755KB] ( 1264 )
187 Problems of China’s system of environmental standards and the countermeasures
ZHANG Yan, WANG Jin
China’s current system of environmental standards has many problems. The formation of environmental standards is lack of scientific basis. Legislative gaps exist in standards based on total amount control, standards formulated for public health protection, and standards on controlling new pollutants and hazardous substances. The reasons for these problems are that the legal nature of environmental standards has not been clarified, standards producing agencies are not independent and impartial, standards drafting process is imperfect, and public participation is not sufficient. These problems result in difficulties in the application of environmental standards. In this regard, we should attach importance to seek breakthrough in legislation and policies-making; therefore, to identify the legal nature and validity of environmental standards, to establish procedure rules of environmental standards formulation and revision, to determine principles and conditions of application, and to further perfect the system of environmental standards.
2012 Vol. 32 (1): 187-192 [Abstract] ( 386 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 349KB] ( 2096 )
中国环境科学
  News
More>>  
  下载中心
   Instruction
   Template
   Copyright Agreement
More>>  
  Links
   Ministry of Land and
　  Resources of the People,s
　  Republic of China
    CNKI
    WANFANG DATA
    CNPITC
More>>  
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
Links： China Association for Science and Technology　Chinese Society For Environmental Sciences　CNKI　WANGFANG DATA
Copyright © 2010 Editorial By China Environmental Science　　Support by Beijing Magtech Co.ltd, E-mail:support@magtech.com.cn