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Current Issue
2011 Vol.31 Issue.增刊,
Published 2012-01-20
1
Emission characteristics and control measures of SO2 from medium and small coal-fired boilers in China
YAO Zhi-Mao, ZOU Lan, WANG Zong-Shuang, WU Xue-Fang
The influences of boiler output, excess air coefficient, coal sulphur content on SO2 initial emission concentration in coal combustion were investigated by statistical analysis method using SO2 field data and coal analysis data from 87 medium and small layer burning boilers firing soft coal, actual capacity of boilers£70MW. Furthermore the emission status of SO2 from coal-fired boilers was analyzed and the possibility and feasibility of regulatory control of SO2 emissions of medium and small coal-fired boilers in China were also discussed. The results indicate the SO2 initial emission concentrations present a highly significant positive linear correlation with sulphur contents and are not correlated with boiler output and excess air coefficient under the condition of boiler loads³80%. 94% and 87% of all tested boilers can respectively meet the SO2 Maximum Acceptable Emission Concentration (MAEC) for I and II phases prescribed by national emission standard.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 1-5 [
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325
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6
Establishment of emission inventory compiling methods for VOCs pollutant sources in city scale
NIE Lei, LI Jing, WANG Min-Yan, FAN Shou-Bin, HUANG Yu-Hu, SHAO Xia, TIAN Gang
In this paper, a relatively complete set of inventory compiling method for VOCs pollutant sources on city scale is put forward based on the study of domestic and abroad documents and the general investigation result of VOCs pollutant sources in Beijing as well. The method summarizes the inventory contents, the estimated methods for sorted VOCs pollutant sources emission, the spatialization of VOCs sources and the uncertainty analysis for the method. Meanwhile, the related elements for the establishment of the sorted VOCs sources emission inventory are also comprehensively analyzed, such as the used emission model, factors, parameters, the activity level of the VOCs sources and the appropriate acquisition measures. This paper could provide advices for researchers and environmental authorities on the establishment of VOCs emission inventory.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 6-11 [
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357
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12
Simulation of atmospheric environmental impact t of the key industries planning in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone
ZHAO Wei, XIE Wen-Zhang, QU Qun, SANG Yan-Hong, SONG Wei-Wei
The emission inventories of main air pollutants such as SO2, NO2 and PM10 in 2015 and 2020 were evaluated according to the census of pollution sources in 2007 and plans of main industrial developments for the years from 2005 to 2020 in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone (BGEZ). Based on this evaluation, the air quality of BGEZ in 2015 and 2020 was simulated by CALPUFF. The simulation resuets indicated as the following: relatively larger concentration increments of air pollutants in BGEZ in 2015 and 2020 would be mostly from economic development zones of relevant cities in the region; the concentration increase of pollutants in industrial zones would be directly correlated with establishment of large projects; change of pollutants concentration in most urban areas would be comparatively small; the increase of air pollution in urban areas would be related to the increase of municipal sources and the transport of industrial pollutants; change rate of most urban areas and industrial zones would decrease from 2015 to 2020.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 12-18 [
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312
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19
Study on genotoxicity of water in typical areas around Taihu Lake
SHAO Peng, LIU Rui, YUAN Xing, CAI Qiang, CHEN 吕Jun, FAN Xiao-Jing, ZHANG Jing-Hua
Genotoxicity of water from 12 sampling sites around Taihu Lake was determined with SOS/umu method. A good dose-response relationship was obtained between the volume of the water extract and the inducion rate (IR) at each site.Water extract at sites T1, T2, T3, T7, T8, T9, T10 showed high IR values with significant genotoxicity. Genotoxicity at pre-flood season was commonly higher than flood season. Little change was observed in genotoxicity of water from sites with stable pollution sources.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 19-23 [
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324
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24
Environmental impacts associated with disposal POPs contaminated soils in cement kiln
ZHOU Ling-Li, XUE 南Dong, HAN Bao-Lu, LI Fa-Sheng
Exhaust emission of pollutants and cement quality were studied in the cement kiln disposal of POPs contaminated soil. Results showed that pollutants emission of SO2, NOx, HCl, Hg, As, Ni, Pb, dust and dioxin in the treatment process were lower than the industrial air emissions standards. Compared with the incineration process without POPs contaminated soil, tested targets in exhaust gas including acid gas, dioxin and heavy metals were not significantly increased in cement kiln system of co-processing POPs contaminated soil. And the chemical composition of cement clinker and its quality could meet the relevant standards. The treatment of POPs contaminated soil as alternative raw material for cement kiln could be an environment-friendly approach.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 24-29 [
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315
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30
N2O sources and control methods during nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater
LIU Xiu-Hong, JU Ran, LIU Li-Chao, YANG Qing, GAN Yi-Ping, CHANG Jiang, PENG Yong-Zhen
To reduce and control of N2O production during wastewater treatment plant, both long-term and batch tests were carried out to investigate main source and pathway of N2O production during nitrogen removal via nitrite from real domestic wastewater in SBR. N2O was produced during nitrogen removal via nitrite from domestic wastewater. N2O was mainly produced during nitritition; whereas, heterotrophic denitrifiers did almost not produced N2O. Furthermore, anoxic denitrification might have the potential of reducing N2O production. During nitritition, N2O production increased obviously with the increase of the influent ammonia concentration. DO concentration also significantly influenced N2O production during nitritition. N2O production were very low when DO concentration were controlled higher than 2mg/L or lower than 0.5mg/L. DO concentration lower than 0.5mg/L reduced N2O stripping of aeration and prolonged the N2O retention time in the activated sludge. Moreover, N2O reduction was enhanced under the DO concentrations lower than 0.5mg/L due to denitrification can be accrued in the anoxic zone of the activated sludge floc.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 30-34 [
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338
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35
Photocatalytic degradation of sodium humate by the nitrogen-doped mesoporous TiO2
HU Lei, YE Zhi-Xiang, XU Cheng-Hua, YANG Huai-Jin, ZHONG Fu, LU Yuan-Gang
The N-modified TiO2 samples were synthesized by the solid-phase reaction of Formamide and Tetrabutyl titanate with template of P123. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), Photoluminescence(PL). N-TiO2 had a mesoporous structure, increasing the pore size, increasing the surface area to 111.767m2/g, reducing the recombination of electron and hole on the anatase N-TiO2.The photo-catalytic activity was tested through photo-degrading the sodium humate. Degradation ratio of sodium humate could reach up to 98% after 120mins, when amount of P123 was 5%, catalyst amount was 10g/L and initial concentration was 5mg/L. And the photocatalytic degradation reaction of sodium humate followed pseudo-first-order Langmuir -Hinshelwood kinetics equation.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 35-38 [
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294
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39
Bodegradation of chlordane by white-rot fungi and its metabolic pathway
XIAO Peng-Fei, CHENG Guo-Ling, SONG Yu-Zhen, ZHAO Shu-Qing, YING 杉, LI Yong-Feng, JIN Teng-Long-Yi-Lang
The metabolism of trans-chlordane was performed with the white-rot fungi species Phlebia lindtneri and Phlebia brevispora, which are capable of degrading polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, heptachlor, DDT and dieldrin. At the end of 42 days of incubation, over 50% of trans-chlordane was degraded by the fungal treatments in pure cultures. Two fungi transformed trans-chlordane to at least eleven metabolites including a large amount of hydroxylated products such as 3-hydroxychlordane, chlordene chlorohydrin, heptachlor diol, dihydroxydihydrochlordene, mono- and dihydroxychlordene. P. lindtneri in particular can transform oxychlordane, a recalcitrant epoxide product of chlordane, into a hydroxylated product through substitution of chlorine atom by hydroxyl group. The present results indicate that trans-chlordane was transformed to several hydrophilic metabolites, and that hydroxylation reactions play an important role in the metabolism of trans-chlordane by selected Phlebia species.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 39-45 [
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53
Investigation and accounting of the municipal domestic sources pollution load in Pearl River Estuary
LIU Ai-Ping, LIU Xiao-Wen, CHEN Zhong-Ying, LI Kai-Ming
Data collecting, typical investigation, complementary monitoring and coefficients accounting were used to investigate and account the pollution load of municipal domestic sources in Pearl River Estuary. Wastewater production of 8cities in study area was 39.64billion ton. The master producting pollutant of CODCr,BOD5,NH3-N,TN and TP were9. 079´105, 4.353´105, 1.032´105, 1.355´105, 1.42´104t/a respectively. The master out-letting pollutant of CODCr, BOD5, NH3-N,TN and TP were 6.258´105, 3.189´105, 7.32´104, 10.26´105, 9.98´103t/a respectively. In a way of discharge direction of waster, the part of direct discharge outlet to sea was about 16.9%; Xijiang River , Beijiang River and Pearl River Delta river net held about 43.2%; and Dongjiang River held about 27.1%.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 53-57 [
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322
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58
The interannual temporal-spatial variability of sea water pH in summer, Bohai Sea
SHI Qiang, YANG Dong-Fang
The cross-section data of sea water pH, sea water temperature and rainfall in August in Dalian station of the Bohai Sea were collected over the years from 1978 to 2010. Results showed interannual variability in ocean pH of Bohai Sea in summer was in range of 7.86~8.30. It was suitable for the growth of aquatic organisms. According to results of EOF and maximum entropy spectral analysis, ocean pH interannual temporal-spatial variability of Bohai Sea in summer was in two major modes. The first mode was a cross-section of north-south sea area spatial components with phase change, and temporal component period was 5.3a.The spatial component of the second mode was anti-phase cross-section of north-south sea area change, with temporal component period 3.2~10.7a. It was the main factor that the five years sea water temperature changes around the Bohai Sea in summer affected the interannual cycle of summer interannual variability of sea water pH. It was the secondary factors that precipitation in August (acid rain) and the average monthly flow of the Yellow River impacted inerannual variability of sea water pH in summer.The cross-section of interannual variability in ocean pH in the Bohai Sea in summer was not the disciplinary cycle, other factors could also affect the summer interannual variation in ocean pH.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 58-68 [
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69
Carbon density distribution and storage dynamics of forest ecosystem in Pearl River Delta of low subtropical China
ZHANG Xiu-Yu, XU Zhen-Cheng, ZENG Fan-Tang, HU Xi-Bang, HAN Qiu-Ping
Based on the vegetation carbon content rate and soil organic carbon (SOC) content that determined, we studied the carbon density and storage dynamics of forest ecosystem in the Pearl River Delta of low subtropical China. The results showed that the average vegetation content rate was ranging from 35.81% to 51.60%, and the average carbon content rate weighted by biomass was ranging from 46.57% to 52.45%. SOC content and its significance were all at the highest level in soil surface layer, and they all faded away with the deepening of soil profile. Moreover, vegetation content rate and soil organic carbon (SOC) content were all in order of broad-leaved forest> mixed conifer and deciduous forest > conifer forest in the same age forest, while mature forest>middle-age forest>young forest in the successive forest. The carbon density range of vegetation and soil were 23.58~139.18t/hm2and 55.54~151.16t/hm2respectively, and the allocation ratio of soil was higher than that of vegetation, but the allocation ratio of soil decreased with the rise of forest age class. During the years of 1989~2003, the total carbon storage and carbon density of forest ecosystem in the Pearl River Delta all increased, which indicated that, during the rapid development period of reform and opening-up, because of increase of biomass, forest ecosystem in the Pearl River Delta played an important role on accumulating carbon sink, and the accumulating function of carbon sink is being promoted step by step.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 69-77 [
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78
Effects of the different organic materials on the structure and elemental composition of humus in black soil
LI Jian-Ming, WU Jing-Gui
Elemental analyzers and infrared spectrometer was used to study the effects of the different organic materials on the structure and elemental composition of humus in black soil. Compared with CK, after five years, application of organic materials resulted in significant decrease of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) of humic acid(HA), and the role of herb residue was the most obvious. Apart from animal excrement, other organic materials significantly increased nitrogen (N) of HA, and the content of oxygen (O) was remarkable different among different treats. Application of herb residues increased N of fulvic acid (FA). The content of C and O were remarkable different among different treats. Use of organic materials resulted in significant decrease of C and H, but enhanced content of O in humin linked to iron (HMi), and the role of herb residues was the most obvious, at the same time, herb residue decreased N of HMi. After application of animal excrement and woody residue content of C and N in humin linked to clay (HMc) was enhanced, and H in HMc was decreased. Compared with CK, application of organic materials resulted in significant decrease of H in HMc, and it was remarkable among different treats. Compared with control treatment (CK), application of organic materials decreased aliphatic compounds of humic acid(HA) and fulvic acid(FA), and the role of plant residues was the most obvious. In humin linked to clay (HMc), all the organic materials could increased aliphatic compounds, at the same time, decreased content of aryl-groups C=C. After five years, use of organic materials decreased content of hydroxyl and saccharide in humin linked to iron(HMi), but increased aliphatic compounds. Results showed there were different effects on the structure and elemental composition of humus due to different organic materials.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 78-83 [
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84
Impact of humic acid and acid rain on the migration of depleted uranium in soils
LI Juan, GUO Zhi-Ying, LIANG Yue-Qin, YANG Hai-You, YU Shui
The impact on the migration of depleted uranium in soils by humic acid and acid rain was studied using the improved DU migration model. The results showed that DU migrated to 9~11cm in control group(soils in beijing). In groups that 2%HA, 5%HA, 10%HA was added in soils, DU migrated further to 21~23cm,15~17cm,11~13cm, respectively, demonstrating that humic acid promoted the migration of depleted uranium. Leached by the simulated acid rain whose pH was 4.0and 3.0, DU migrated to 29~31cm and more than 35cm respectively, demonstrating that acid rain promoted the migration of depleted uranium. However,under the combined action of humic acid and acid rain, DU migratied to 5~7cm only, suggesting they restrained each other.
2011 Vol. 31 (增刊): 84-88 [
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