CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
 
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
　　　　　　　　    More    
Online Submission
Manuscript Tracking
Peer Review
Editor Work
Office Work
Editor-in-chief
Forthcoming Articles
Current Issue
Archive
Advanced Search
Read Articles
Download Articles
Instruction
Template
Copyright Agreement
More   
  Current Issue
 
2012 Vol.32 Issue.2,Published 2012-02-20
193 Simulation of a typical complex pollution process over Pearl River Delta area
DENG Tao, WU Dui, DENG Xue-Jiao, TAN Hao-Bo, LI Fei, ZHENG Jun-Yu, LIAO Bi-Ting
This paper investigated the temporal and spatial variation of O3, NOx and visibility, and further analyzed the share of mass and the extinction contribution of each aerosol species, based on the simulation of a typical complex pollution process over Pearl River Delta area through the air quality modeling system (MM5-CAMQ-SMOKE).The spatial and temporal distribution of photochemical smog markers, as well as processes of haze initiating, weakening, and intensifying, could be well simulated by this modeling system. The PM2.5 contributed 79.8% of the PM10 mass concentration. The number concentration of nuclei of aitken mode and accumulation mode was higher than that of the coarse mode on the order of 103~104. Of all the aerosol masses, the sulfate contributed the highest fraction (31%) of the PM2.5 concentration, while black carbon, organic carbon, ammonium, and nitrate contributed 21%, 14%, 7.2% and 2%, respectively. The extinction contribution of secondary aerosol was more than 50% under averaged relative humidity condition, and more than 70% under high relative humidity condition. Therefore, visibility deterioration in this case was mainly caused by fine particles generated during various chemical processes over the Pearl River Delta region.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 193-199 [Abstract] ( 268 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 704KB] ( 1261 )
200 Composition and distribution of VOCs in the ambient air of typical cities in Northern of China
CAO Wen-Wen, SHI Jian-Wu, HAN Bin, WANG Xiu-Yan, PENG Yue, CHOU Wei-Guang, ZHAO Li-Juan, BAI Zhi-Peng
In order to study the composition and distribution of VOCs in the ambient air in the typical cities in North China, The research was conducted in Tianjin and Shenyang from April 2008 to January 2009, using the method of two-step-concentration-gas sepectrometry /mass (CCD-GC /MS). 108 species of VOCs were detected in this study,the main ingredients include 39 species of alkyl halides, 16 species of BTEX, 12 species of olefins, 30 species of alkanes, 11 species of aldehydes and esters. The main components of VOCs in Tianjin were aldehyde esters, halogenated hydrocarbons, alkanes, BETX, olefins and halogenated alkenes, which accounted for 56.9%, 13.4%, 13.1%, 12.9%, 2.5%and 1.1%, respectively. The main components of VOCs in Shenyang were aldehyde esters, halogenated hydrocarbons, alkanes,BETX, halogenated alkeness and olefin, which accounted for 49.3%, 17.8%, 11.8%, 10.3%, 7.8%and2.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the total amount of VOCs in each sampling sites in each sampling period. In Tianjin and Shenyang, the components and the main sources of BETX and halogenated hydrocarbons were analysed. The main components of BTEX, which include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, automobile exhaust was the main source of BETX, and the components of halogenated, which include methylene chloride and vinyl chloride, vehicle exhaust and petrochemicals was the main source of halogenated.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 200-206 [Abstract] ( 199 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 390KB] ( 1610 )
207 Vertical distribution of aerosols during different intense dry haze periods around Shanghai
LIU Qiong, GENG Fu-Hai, CHEN Yong-Hang, XU Ting-Ting, ZHANG Hua, PAN Hu, MAO Xiao-Qin
With the lidar data onboard CALIPSO satellite of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the vertical distribution of aerosols when different intense dry haze occurred around Shanghai were revealed by analyzing the parameters including attenuated backscatter coefficient, volume depolarization ratio and total attenuated color ratio. When dry haze occurred, the lower troposphere (0~2km) was polluted most severely with the aerosols whose total attenuated backscatter coefficient concentrated in the range of 0.0015~0.0035km-1×sr-1, volume depolarization ratio and color ratio were centered at 0~15% and 0.2~0.8, respectively. Total attenuated backscatter coefficients within the other altitudes between 2 and 10 kilometers were smaller, ranging from 0.0008~0.0025km-1×sr-1 and 0.0008~0.0015 km-1×sr-1. Depolarization ratio and color ratio for four altitude ranges (2~4, 4~6, 6~8 and 8~10km above ground level) were centered at 0~20% and 0~0.6, respectively. Within the altitude range from 0 to 10 km, the aerosol scattering ability and irregularity during moderate dry haze periods was the strongest and the size of aerosols was the largest compared with slight and mild dry haze periods.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 207-213 [Abstract] ( 208 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 410KB] ( 975 )
214 Main components and extinction characteristic of aerosol during March 2009 at Tianjin
YAO Qing, HAN Su-Qin, BI Xiao-Hui
Main components and contribution to atmospheric extinction coefficient were studied using particulate sample data in spring at Tianjin. The pollution of aerosol was heavy, the water-soluble inorganic ion and carbonaceous were main components, accounted for about 24.8% and 10.0% of the total PM10, 26.6% and 13.9% of the total PM2.5, respectively. SO42-, NO3- and Ca2+ were main inorganic ions. The meteorological conditions were good for the transformation of sulfate and nitrate during haze days. The SOC mass concentration were estimated with the Minimum ratio method of OC/EC, the ratio of SOC and OC in PM10 and PM2.5 was 38% and 24%. The second icons (SO42-, NO3- and NH4+), coarse mass, OC and EC were main factors influencing the atmospheric extinction coefficient. The average contributions were 33.1%, 22.6%, 22.0% and 15.6%. The atmospheric extinction and visibility could be fitted well with components and relative humidity.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 214-220 [Abstract] ( 226 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 428KB] ( 917 )
221 Bi-bio-selective simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal (BBSPN) novel process
TIAN Wen-De, LI Wei-Guang, ZHANG Hui, GUO Xuan
The current municipal wastewater treatment processes are difficult to remove nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously, especially for domestic wastewater characterized with low C/N. Based on traditional A/O process, a novel Bi-bio-selective simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal (BBSPN) process was developed through adding two-stage biological selectors before A/O process. An anaerobic selector was adopted to provide the most appropriate environment for biological phosphorus release; an anoxic selector was added to avoid nitrate of return sludge influencing phosphorus release and to prevent filamentous bulking. The removal efficiency of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus was 88%, 90% and 97% in the steady-state under the condition of influent COD / TN = 4.4, COD / TP = 33. The effluent qualities can achieve Grade A standard of ‘urban sewage treatment plant emission standards’. Hereto, 35% of total phosphorus was removed by denitrifying dephosphatation. Moreover, the linear relationship between nitrate and anoxic phosphorus uptake in anoxic compartment was established. 1mg NO3--N consumption corresponds to 1.8mg P-uptake, which can be used as a key controlling parameter for this novel denitrifying dephosphatation process.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 221-225 [Abstract] ( 240 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 424KB] ( 843 )
226 Removal of hydrophobic particles with bevel edge scrubber based on surfactants
SHU Xin, LI Cai-Ting, GUO Zhong-Tang, ZHANG Wei, ZHAO Ya-Pei, WEN Qing-Bo
Four surfactants CTAB, SDBS, AEO-9 and OP-10 were used for washing liquids preparation respectively. The removal of hydrophobic powdered carbon was carried out with a bevel edge scrubber. The effects of surfactants, inlet dust concentration, superficial gas velocity, and liquid-gas ratio on dust removal efficiency (η) and pressure drop (ΔP) were discussed. Furthermore, the dewatering performance of the bevel edge scrubber was evaluated. The bevel edge scrubber had high removal efficiency, low pressure drop, and good dewatering performance. Meanwhile, four washing liquids could greatly improve the dust removal efficiency. And the washing liquid of AEO-9 had the optimal removal effect. When AEO-9 concentration was 0.07mmol/L, inlet dust concentration was 5g/m3, L/G was 1.0L/m3, and superficial gas velocity was 2.5m/s, the removal efficiency reached 99.99%. The inlet dust concentration had little effect on ΔP, whereas L/G and superficial gas velocity had much influence on it. The water content in outlet flue gas was less than 11g/kg(dry) under the experimental condition.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 226-231 [Abstract] ( 234 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 435KB] ( 594 )
232 Preparation of chitosan quaternary ammonium and flocculation of styrene-butadiene rubber wastewater
CHANG Qing, WEI Jun
Cationic flocculant 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC) was prepared by the reaction of chitosan (CTS) with 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (CTA). The optimum synthesis conditions of HTCC was determined according to its turbidity removal efficiency for kaolin suspension as follows: mass ratio MCTS: MCTA: MNaOH =1:2:1.2, reaction temperature was 60℃ and reaction time was 3h. The flocculation experiment showed the turbidity removal efficiency of HTCC was higher, and the applicable pH range of HTCC was broader compared to CTS. The styrene-butadiene rubber wastewater was treated by the composite flocculant HTCC+PAC. The residual turbidity reached under 2 NTU, the removal rates of COD and chromaticity reached to 32.0% and 92.98% respectively. The applicable pH value range for flocculating the sample by HTCC+PAC was from 6.0 to 8.0. This styrene-butadiene rubber wastewater was also treated by composite flocculant HTCC+ PAM (anion). The residual turbidity reached under 3 NTU, and the removal rate of COD was the most high, reaching to 46.0 %, and the dosage was lower. The applicable pH value range for flocculating the sample by HTCC+PAM was wider from 5.0 to 8.9. The use of HTCC combined with PAC or PAM as flocculants in the preceding treatment of styrene-butadiene rubber wastewater would decrease the load of subsequent biochemical treatment and the dosages of PAC or PAM, thus decrease the residual aluminum and residual acrylamide monomer in the treated water.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 232-237 [Abstract] ( 318 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 411KB] ( 1089 )
238 The quantitative analysis of hydroxyl radical produced and intermediate products in the process of electrochemical oxidation for ammonia removal
WANG Chun-Rong, LI Da, HU Jian-Long, REN Qin-Yi, HUANG Liu-Bin, WANG Rong-Bo
In the process of electrochemical oxidation for ammonia removal, the concentration of hydroxyl radical (·OH) was detected and quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography in different current density, chloride ion (Cl-)concentration and initial pH value. The concentration of ·OH produced was direct proportional to current density, and the production of ·OH would be inhibited under the conditions of existence of Cl- and alkaline. Meanwhile, the intermediates were detected and quantitatively analyzed by spectrophotometry and titration in different initial pH and current density. When the initial pH was alkaline, NO2- and chloramine, as noneffective intermediate products, would increase. Therefore, electrochemical oxidation of ammonia should be at neutral or acidic conditions. In addition, the current density had great effect on intermediates of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia. Higher active substances and lower harmful intermediate products yielded at current density of 10mA/cm2.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 238-241 [Abstract] ( 224 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 319KB] ( 1105 )
242 Comparison of two inorganic-organic composite coagulants in treating reservoir raw water from the Yellow River.
WANG Meng-Meng, GAO Bao-Yu, CAO Bai-Chuan, WANG Dong, ZHANG Gui-Zhou, WEI Shao-Shan, HU Xin-Xin
Two inorganic-organic composite coagulants PFC-PDMDAAC and PAC-PDMDAAC with series of Fe(Al)/PDMDAAC mass ratios were prepared for treatment of summer reservoir raw water from the Yellow River. The influence of Fe(Al)/PDMDAAC mass ratios, dosage, pH and dosing order on coagulation effect (turbidity, organic matter and chlorophyll-a removal) was investigated. The coagulation mechanism of the two coagulants was analyzed by the variation of Zeta potential during coagulation processes. The composite coagulants performed better than using them as dual-coagulants. The coagulation effects of both composite coagulants were greatly impacted by the mass ratio of Fe (Al)/PDMDAAC. The best coagulation effects were obtained when Fe (Al)/PDMDAAC mass ratio was 4:1with the dosage of 4mg/L. The composite coagulants could give excellent coagulation effect in the pH range from 5.0to 8.0, which is much wider than the inorganic coagulants. In comparison of PFC-PDMDAAC, PAC-PDMDAAC gave better turbidity and chlorophyll-a removal and worse organic matter removal.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 242-248 [Abstract] ( 208 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 434KB] ( 606 )
249 Biological iron sulfide composites in the treatment of copper-contaminated wastewater and its mechanism
LUO Li-Hui, XIE Yi-Fei, LI Xu-Dong
A strain of sulfate reducing bacteria SRB2, which could generate the biological iron sulfide composites, was isolated by using the Hungate anaerobic technique. The influences of pH, temperature, stirring speed, and dosage on the removal of Cu2+ from wastewater by biological iron sulfide composites were investigated. Meanwhile the mechanism of reducing remove Cu2+ through replacement approach and EPS adsorption approach were studied. Cu2+ reduction rate increased with the increase of dosage and temperature. At 35℃, pH4.0, stirring speed of 100r/min, when the dosage of biological iron sulfide composites reached 0.6661g, the removal rate of Cu2+ could be above 99.9% within 2 min. Therefore, great prospects exist for the application of biological iron sulfide composites in the emergency treatment of copper-contaminated wastewater and heavy metal pollution. The replacement approach with a removal rate of 90.9%, predominated in the process of reducing Cu2+,while the EPS adsorption approach which removed 38% of the Cu2+ in 24 h, was not preponderant in the process of reducing Cu2+.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 249-253 [Abstract] ( 229 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 373KB] ( 673 )
254 Treatment of ABS resin manufacturing wastewater by biological activated carbon(BAC)
LAI Bo, ZHOU Yue-Xi, YANG Ping
Wastewater from ABS condensation drying section was treated by biological activated carbon (BAC) and activated carbon without bacteria. The bioregeneration occurring during simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation processes was studied seriously. The organic nitriles and aromatic compouds could be decomposed and transformed, and the removal efficiencies of COD, TOC and Org-N were all more than 80%. The organic nitrogen of ABS wastewater could be transformed into NH3-N, and its transformation efficency was more than 65%. There were a large number of microorganisms on the surface of activated carbon in the BAC, such as long-stem bacteria, vorticella and coccises. The activated carbon provided an attachment surface for microorganisms and protected them from shock loadings of toxic and inhibitory materials, whereas microorganisms bioregenerated the activated carbon.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 254-259 [Abstract] ( 230 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 790KB] ( 953 )
260 Online prediction model based on fuzzy neural network for the effluent ammonia concentration of A2/O system
HU Kang, WAN Jin-Quan, MA Yong-Wen, HUANG Ming-Zhi, WANG Yan
Based on the prototype experiment of treating synthetic wastewater in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) wastewater treatment system, an artificial neural network (ANN) model and an adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model were employed to simulate the treatment process. When constructing the online prediction model in MATLAB, the online monitoring parameters, namely hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent pH (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), and mixed-liquid return ratio (r), were adopted as the input variables, and effluent ammonia concentration (NH4+eff) was used as output variable. A self-adapted fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm was used to identify the fuzzy rules and optimize the model’s operational parameters. The simulation results shown that, compared with the ANN model, the ANFIS model’s predicted effluent ammonia concentrations fitted the observed ones better, which was supported by the maximum relative error of 6.45%, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.8%, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.1209, and correlation coefficient(R) value of 0.9956. Furthermore, 3D surfaces obtained during the model training, which directly reflected the non-linear function between the factors and the effluent ammonia concentration, can guide the efficient and stable operation of the A2/O system.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 260-267 [Abstract] ( 210 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 830KB] ( 847 )
268 Operating characteristic of microbial fuel cell using sludge
LIU Zhi-Hua, LI Xiao-Ming, FANG Li, ZHENG Yao, YANG Qi
A single-chamber, membrane-less and floating-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) was established. The effects of operating characteristics on the microbial fuel cell using sludge (SMFC) were studied. Compared to the SMFC without churning, the maximum output power density of SMFC with churning was increased from 45.94mW/m2 to 124.03mW/m2(1300r/min) and 136.5mW/m2(2600 r/min), respectively. This may be attributed to the improvement of the material transmission in SMFC. The influence of temperature on the electrogenesis characteristic of SMFC was generally distinct. However, the power output did not change significantly in the certain temperature ranges (such as 20~25℃; 30~40℃; 45~50℃). Electrogenic bacteria had appropriate temperature ranges, and different electrogenic bacteria grew at different temperatures. Compared to the original sludge, the power density of SMFC using sludge undergone microwave treatment or using the supernatant fluid of microwave pretreated sludge was increased rapidly. This was because the microbial competition in the sludge had an important role in SMFC electric efficiency. The increasing of cathodic area could reduce SMFC cathodic potential and internal resistance, which resulted in the increasing of the power density.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 268-273 [Abstract] ( 250 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 421KB] ( 1087 )
274 Cooperative controlling effects of chemical oxidation and sand filter on Tubifex tubifex pollution in drinking water treatment process
NIE Xiao-Bao, HUANG Ting-Lin, ZHANG Jin-Song, ZHANG Shuang, CHEN Hui, DING Li-Jun, LIU Li-Jun
In order to control worm pollution more effectively in drinking water treatment processes, cooperative controlling effects of chemical oxidation and sand filtration on Tubifex tubifex were studied. Interception-inactivated technology, established by combining interception of sand filtration and inactivation of oxidation, posses high controlling effects on T. tubifex pollution. When the dosage of ClO2 was higher than 0.1mg/L, rate of interception-inactivation to T. tubifex reached 100% under the range of filtration rates from 9 to 15m/h. During interception-inactivation, the interception of sand filtration prolonged inactivated contact time, which resulted in the promoting of inactivation effect. At the same time, inactivation of oxidation ould not only kill some worms, but also decrease migration ability of survived worms by which the interception effect of sand filtration was strengthened. Naidid pollution occurred in BAC filter was controlled efficiently by underling sand under BAC and carrying out interception-inactivation in sand. In this way, adverse effects of worm pollution controlling on BAC filter’s adsorption and degradation were avoided.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 274-278 [Abstract] ( 212 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 379KB] ( 749 )
279 Environmental quality of heavy metals in surface sediments in the central region of the Bohai Sea
LIU Ming, ZHANG Ai-Bin, FAN De-Jiang, DENG Sheng-Gui, WANG Liang, ZHANG Xi-Lin, ZHAO Quan-Min
The distributions and environmental quality assessments of heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, V, Ni in the surface sediments in the central region of the Bohai Sea were performed. The contents of heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, V, Ni were 22.50, 24.26, 64.27, 59.66, 67.91 and 30.57mg/g, respectively. The contents were high in the Haihe River mouth and central region of the Bohai Bay, the mud area in the central study region and the coastal area of south Liaodong Peninsula; while that were low in the east of study area and the northern Bohai Bay. They were in middle level compared with that in other domestic and foreign regions. The heavy metals mainly came from natural sources, but were affected significantly by human activities. The environment quality evaluation of the sediment was carried out by the methods of geological cumulative index and ecological risk assessment. There were light polluted or non-pollution in the north Bohai Bay and the shallow of the central Bohai Sea at the east of study area; and light polluted along the coast of the south Liaodong Peninsula; while the western and southern areas of Bohai Bay, the central mud area of the Bohai Sea were medium polluted. The primary pollution element is Pb, which followed by Cr, Zn, V. The pollution of Cu and Ni were less.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 279-290 [Abstract] ( 277 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1968KB] ( 806 )
291 Adsorption behaviors of faecal sterols by sediments
XU Heng-Zhen, ZHAN Ye-Jing, MA Xin-Dong, ZHOU Chuan-Guang, YAO Zi-Wei
The transference of faecal sterols between sediments and water via volume oscillation method was simulated, effects of temperature, salinity, pH and concentration of faecal sterols on the adsorption behaviors were investigated. There were some negative effects on the adsorption of faecal sterols by sediments but positive ones on increase of solubility of faecal sterols with increase of temperature. Meanwhile, the adsorption of faecal sterols by sediments was inhibited by release of hydrophilic groups in organic matters into water. There were some positive effects on the adsorption with increase of either salinity or initial concentration of faecal sterols in water, while the adsorption was inhibited by either increase or decrease of pH. Role on the adsorption of crude humin in the sediments was much more important than minerals. Besides, with the variations of temperature, salinity, pH and concentration of faecal sterols, there were few changes in the mass ratio of coprostanol /(coprostanol+cholestanol), coprostanol/24-ethylcoprostanol, coprostanol/cholesterol, 24-ethyl coprostanol/sitosterol and 24-ethyl coprostanol /(24-ethyl coprostanol +sitostanol). Thus, these five indices of mass ratio could be used as indicators of faecal contamination.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 291-299 [Abstract] ( 216 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 530KB] ( 562 )
300 The bacterial diversity in surface sediments from Chongming Eastern tidal flat in summer and winter
ZHENG Yan-Ling, HOU Li-Jun, LU Min, LIU Min, XIE Bing, LI Yong, ZHAO Hui
Based on the total DNA extracted from the surface sediments of Chongming eastern tidal flat in the Yangtze estuary in summer and winter, the V3 area of 16S rRNA gene of bacteria were amplified. PCR products were cloned and sequenced, and 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the bacteria in the surface sediments of Chongming eastern tidal flat fell into twelve known Phyla: Proteobacteria (α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ε-), Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Chlorobi, Dictyoglomi and Nitrospirae. Also, there were many sequences belonging to unidentified bacteria. Proteobacteria was the dominant group in the middle tidal flat and the low tidal flat, while Bacteroidetes was the dominant group in the high tidal flat. DOTUR analysis indicated that there were the most abundant species and highest bacterial community diversity in the middle tidal flat, followed by the low tidal flat, and the high tidal flat had the lowest bacterial community diversity. The bacterial community diversity was higher in summer than in winter. In comparison, the seasonal variation of bacterial communities in the sediment of the high tidal flat was the largest, and the variation in the middle tidal flat was the smallest.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 300-310 [Abstract] ( 246 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 543KB] ( 737 )
311 Screening, identification and degradation characteristic of a phosphite degrading microorganism
CAO Rui-Xiang, GENG Jin-Ju, GU Xue-Yuan, WANG Hong-Jun, WANG Xiao-Rong
It is nearly always assumed that phosphorus (P) occurs exclusively as phosphate (with an oxidation state of +5) in the environment. Little is known about the redox cycle of P in the environment. However, recent evidence suggested that other less oxidized forms of P (namely reduced P, with an oxidation state lower than +5) that were more soluble and active play a critical role in P bioavailability. A bacterial strain (which was named P1) capable of utilizing phosphite (+3) as the sole P source was isolated and screened firstly from sediment of Lake Taihu. It was identified preliminarily as an unknown bacterium according to its physiological-biochemical analysis and the similarity analysis of its 16S rDNA gene sequence. The optimum conditions of pH and temperature for P1 growth were 6.8~7.0 and 30 oC, respectively. The concentrations of 60 mg P/L, 80 mg P/L and 100 mg P/L were set to obtain the optimum phosphite concentration for P1 growth. 100 mg P/L phosphite was the optimum P concentration for P1 growth, the rates of the decrease of phosphite and the increase of phosphate in the medium were 11% and 1.6%, respectively. The lower the phosphite concentration, the higher the activity of bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) in the medium. The highest activity of BAP of 1.86 mol PNP/(L·h) was obtained under 60 mg P/L phosphite was added. Phosphite might be changed into the bioavailable P source for P1through the oxidation process of BAP. This study just simply found that phosphite can be utilized as a P source by a kind of bacteria. Further research should be carried out to investigate the role of phosphite in the lake P biogeochemical cycle.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 311-317 [Abstract] ( 256 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 615KB] ( 742 )
318 Distribution of carbohydrates species during summer bloom in Lake Chaohu
YE Lin-Lin, SHI Xiao-Li, ZHANG Min, WU Xiao-Dong, KONG Fan-Xiang
Surface water samples were collected from eleven sampling sites in Lake Chaohu in July 2010, Chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, and various carbohydrates concentrations were analyzed. Nutrient levels were higher in the west than that in the east, but Chlorophyll a did not show the same pattern, implying that the distribution of phytoplankton was affected by other factors. Furthermore, the dissolved organic carbon concentration was related to nitrate concentration. On average, total dissolved carbohydrates was the predominant carbon species, accounting for 26% of the dissolved organic carbon, whereas dissolved polysaccharides and dissolved monosaccharides comprised 21% and 6%, respectively. No significant relationship was observed between Chlorphyll a, dissolved organic carbon and various carbohydrates, suggesting that the resource of dissolved organic carbon and carbohydrates was more than phytoplankton during cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Chaohu.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 318-323 [Abstract] ( 214 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 425KB] ( 1298 )
324 A quantile regression for relationship between nutrient input and response of Dianshan Lake
LI Xiao-Ping, CHENG Xi, CHEN Xiao-Hua
Quantile regression was used to estimate the relationships between nutrients (TP and TN) and their response (Chl a) of Dianshan Lake. The impacts of nutrients on Chla at the conditional quantiles were different. At lower quantile (0.10~0.50), algal biomass (Chl a) was mainly controlled by TP, while at upper quantile(0.60~0.90)algal biomass might depend on both TP and TN, inhibited effects of TN on algal growth increasing with higher quantiles. The 60th percentile might be the key for shifting limiting nutrient from TP to TN on algal growth. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression cannot estimate multiple rates of change describing the relationship between nutrient input and response of Dianshan Lake.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 324-329 [Abstract] ( 209 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 505KB] ( 989 )
330 Ciguatera toxins in coral fishes along the southern coast of China
XU Yi-Xiao, WANG Ai-Hui, HU Rong, JIANG Tian-Jiu, JIANG Tao
The Ciguatera toxins(CTXs) in coral fish along the southern coast of China were investigated for the first time through collecting wild coral fish samples in Sanya and Qionghai of Hainan, Weizhou Island of Guangxi, Zhuhai and Xuwen Dengloujiao of Guangdong and Dongshan Island of Fujian. By using three different analysis methods including Cigua-Check? Kit, Mouse Bioassay and HPLC-MS/MS, toxic fishes existed in all six sampling areas, and the total detection rate was 50%. Respectively, the detection rate for Dongshan Island of Fujian (77.8%) > Xuwen Dengloujiao of Guangdong (66.7%) > Zhuhai Danganliedao of Guangdong (55.6%) > Weizhou Island of Guangxi (37.5%) > Sanya of Hainan (37.5%) > Qionghai of Hainan(16.7%). Toxin content of fish varied in 0~169 ng P-CTX-1/kg flesh and generally showed relation to the water quality. There were eight samples, the ratio of 17.4% for total samples, exceeded 100 ng P-CTX-1/kg flesh that could poison human beings, and toxic species principally involved were Chaetodontidae, Scaridae, Holocentridae, Lutjanidae and Serranidae. Except on one sample from Zhuhai Danganliedao, Cigua-Check? kit has the same result with Mouse Bioassay on toxin qualitative analysis, while the component of CTXs, P-CTX-1 was only found in two samples of Dongshan Island, Fujian by HPLC-MS/MS. Finally, there was no significant correlation between fish toxicity and the parameters of its weight, length and feeding habits.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 330-336 [Abstract] ( 272 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 459KB] ( 1553 )
337 Toxic effects of pentachlorophenol on the Chinese rare minnow embryos
XIONG Li, MA Yong-Peng, MAO Si-Yu, SU Yong-Liang, JIN Bang-Ming, LIU Yan
The carcinogenicity and toxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) exposure on the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) embryos were investigated. G. rarus embryos at 0 hour past fertilization (hpf) were exposed to PCP at different concentrations (0, 7.5, 30, 60, 120, 250μg/L). DMSO(<0.01%,V/V) and 17a-ethynylestradiol (EE2, 2.5ng/L) were set as solvent control and positive control, respectively. The embryonic development was observed under the stereomicroscope. The hatching rate, relative survival rate at 96 hpf, and deformity rate through the entire embryos developmental process were calculated. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of CYP1A and p53 gene were analyzed by semi-quantitatively RT-PCR. PCP exposure resulted in delayed embryonic development, condensation of embryonic eggs, formation of pericardial cysts, curvature of the spine or even death. The hatching rate and relative survival rate at 96 hpf were reduced while deformity rate were increased in a dose dependent manner of PCP. The mRNA level of CYP1A and p53 in embryos also were significantly up-regulated with increasing PCP concentration. PCP had significant toxic effects on G. rarus embryos. The hatching rate, relative survival rate at 96 hpf, malformation rate, CYP1A and p53 expression levels can be used as sensitive biomarkers to evaluate the toxic effects of PCP exposure on fish embryos.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 337-344 [Abstract] ( 255 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 698KB] ( 928 )
345 Comparative study on the health risk of different exposure pathways at soil and groundwater contaminated sites
WU Xiao-Feng, XIE Lei, ZHAO Hong-Yang
RBCA mode developed by ASTM and Csoil mode developed by RIVM are most commonly used worldwide in assessment of soil and groundwater contamination. Difference of two modes in exposure pathways consideration was compared firstly. Three possible exposure pathways were not considered in RBCA. Case-studies were carried out using Csoil mode to compare risks of different exposure pathways. Surface soil contamination had the greatest risk, and leaching was an important process for shallow contaminated soil. Volatilization and water-drinking were two most important exposure pathways. Shower and bathing pathways were possibly important too. For surface soil contamination, pavement was an effective measure to reduce the health risk.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 345-350 [Abstract] ( 252 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 376KB] ( 1032 )
351 Linking between water resources utilization and economic growth in Jiangsu Province
GU Xue-Ming, WANG Yuan, ZHAO Hui-Hui, WANG Fang, ZHU Xiao-Dong, LU Gen-Fa
The paper attempted to employ the water footprint approach to calculate the situation of water resource in Jiangsu Province between 2000 and 2009, and investigate the changes of water utilization and water pressure in economic growth by introducing the conceptual model of “re-linking” and “de-linking”. The total water footprint of Jiangsu was on the slightly rise from 699.82 in 2000 to 773.77 billion cubic meters in 2009, mainly consists of the agricultural water and the industrial water. Simultaneously, the water utilization level kept continuous growth, increasing by 2.77 times in the last decade. However, the weak “de-linking” and strong “de-linking” status between water resource and economic growth accounted for two-thirds and one-third of the sample years, separately. The alternative change of weak “de-linking” and strong “de-linking” status showed the pressure of water resource still existed in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization, and, therefore, strategies should be adopted for more vigorous economic development and consistent water resource use in Jiangsu.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 351-358 [Abstract] ( 206 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 431KB] ( 1007 )
359 Site selection assessment for river drinking source water of a city in northern
DU Da-Zhong, MENG Xian-Lin, MA Fang
In order to establish and quantize the assessment system for the site selection of river drinking source water, City A in northern was took as the case. The assessment system which involve law, environmental quality, water resources protection and environmental risk was established by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). There were eight negative factors and twenty evaluation factors in the system, and the weight of evaluation factors were defined by literature review and expert survey. These evaluation factors were quantized according to environmental standards and technical guidelines. Both programⅠandⅡof City A can be carried engineering appraisal out; the water quality of river basin was no good, so the advanced treatment process should be considered in the construction of water plant; the environmental risk index of programⅠ andⅡwere high, administration should strengthen the management of risk source on the risk characteristics.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 359-365 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 465KB] ( 998 )
366 Model modification and application of the relative carrying capacity of resources
HUANG Chang-Feng, HE Lun-Zhi
This paper pointed out several major deficiencies in the traditional model of relative carrying capacity of resources, such as efficiency of resources using and difference of living standards in different regions were not considered in the static analysis, the reference area which included the study area was selected as a subset in the dynamic analysis. And it did some corresponding improvements by means of introduce correction factors, isolate the study area from the reference areas and so on. Meanwhile, took the study of sustainable development of Chinese 28 provinces and cities in 2005 and Xinjiang from 2000 to 2007 as examples, used the modified model did static and dynamic analysis respectively. Among 28 provinces and cities during 2005, the number of provinces and cities which population stated overload, surplus was 18 and 10 respectively calculated by traditional model; while the number of provinces and cities which population stated serious overloading, overloading, surplus and very abundant was 13,6,4 and 5 respectively calculated by modified model. The results of integrated capacity of Xinjiang from 2000 to 2007 which calculated by modified model were greater than those did by traditional model. The results calculated by modified model were more precise than those did by traditional model.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 366-372 [Abstract] ( 183 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 791KB] ( 1000 )
373 Countermeasures for water and soil heavy metal pollution in China
FU Guo-Wei
The water and soil heavy metal pollution is very serious in China. The integrated wastewater discharge standard is the legal basis for water environment management reflecting the principle of zero discharge for the persistent accumulative pollutants. But from water quality monitoring and evaluation to pollutant cut, there exists a series of problems of violation and confusion of the discharge standards and control requests for the two types of pollutants in the standard. To control the water and soil heavy metal pollution, the technical routes of the environmental protection system should be corrected and the technical details were given in this paper. It also put forward that the independent laws should be enacted perceptively for the 5 key heavy metals to ensure implementation of the technical route of source control of excessive discharge.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 373-376 [Abstract] ( 228 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 326KB] ( 1996 )
377 Energy intensity in different sectors of the economy and energy embodied in trade of Beijing based on an input-output model
HUANG Bao-Rong, WANG Yi, ZHANG Hui-Zhi, LI Ying-Ming
Based on an input-output model, indirect and total energy consumptions in different sectors of the economy, and energy embodied in domestic and international trade of Beijing were analyzed. Natural resource exploitation and processing industries top the list of the direct, indirect and total energy intensities, including petroleum processing and coking industry, metal smelting and rolling processing industry, non-metallic mineral product industry etc.. These industries should be chosen as key sectors to promote energy saving. Although direct energy intensities are low in building industry, fabricated metal product industry, and equipment manufacturing industries, indrect and total energy intensities are high because they consume plenty of resource-intensive products as intermediate inputs. For these industries, the reduce and recycle of resource-intensive products as intermediate inputs should be reinforced through the development of circular economy. In 2007, the net import of energy embodied in domestic and international trade of Beijing exceeded 44.377 M tce. Beijing had significantly lowered its own energy and environmental pressure by importing products of resource exploitation and processing industries, and exporting services and equipment manufacture products. The net import of energy embodied in domestic trade accounted for 90.47% of total net import of embodied energy, and dominated the reduce of the energy and environmental pressures of Beijing. At the same time, the domestic source region of embodied energy, especially neighboring districts also faced much greater resourse and environmental pressure for the export of embodied energy. Thus, it is necessary to adjust the market structure and promote technology diffusion to enhance the share of internationally imported embodied energy and reduce the regional environmental pressure from socio-economic development of Beijing.
2012 Vol. 32 (2): 377-384 [Abstract] ( 268 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 522KB] ( 1010 )
中国环境科学
  News
More>>  
  下载中心
   Instruction
   Template
   Copyright Agreement
More>>  
  Links
   Ministry of Land and
　  Resources of the People,s
　  Republic of China
    CNKI
    WANFANG DATA
    CNPITC
More>>  
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
Links： China Association for Science and Technology　Chinese Society For Environmental Sciences　CNKI　WANGFANG DATA
Copyright © 2010 Editorial By China Environmental Science　　Support by Beijing Magtech Co.ltd, E-mail:support@magtech.com.cn