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2012 Vol.32 Issue.6,Published 2012-06-20
961 GreenHouse gas emission factors of Chinese power grids for organization and product carbon footprint
HOU Ping, WANG Hong-Tao, ZHANG Hao, FAN Ci-Dong, HUANG Na
The difference between organization and product carbon footprint and clean development mechanism (CDM) projects was discussed. Based on the CDM baseline emission factors and with necessary modifications, emission factors of Chinese power grids for organization and product carbon footprint were obtained. Results show that there are significant differences between the factors for CDM and that for organization and product carbon footprint. So they are not supposed to be used exchangeably. The emission factors obtained in this paper would provide a proper data source for organization and product carbon footprint in China.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 961-967 [Abstract] ( 620 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 419KB] ( 3831 )
968 Isotopic compositions of carbon in PM10 and its emission sources in Taiyuan
ZHANG Jian-Qiang, WANG Ying, PENG Lin, BAI Hui-Ling, MOU Ling, LIU Xiao-Feng, SONG Chong-Fang
Carbon isotopic composition of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) in PM10 and major emission sources (coal combustion dust, vehicle exhaust dust and soil dust) were studies by off-line step-heating oxidation and isotope mass spectrometry detecting. Then the emission sources of carbon in Taiyuan were discussed based on its carbon isotopic compositions. As the results shown, the carbon isotopic values of OC, EC and TC (δ13COC, δ13CEC and δ13CTC) in PM10 in Taiyuan were 34.7‰, -23.5‰, -23.9‰ in winter and -30.5‰, -23.1‰, -23.9‰ in spring, respectively. And δ13COC, δ13CEC and δ13CTC were -26.5‰, -23.2‰ and -23.6‰ in coal dust, -24.6‰, -14.1‰ and -17.3‰ in soil dust, 27.7‰, -25.5‰ and -27.0‰ in gasoline car exhaust dust and -25.7‰, -24.3‰ and -24.8‰ in diesel exhaust dust, respectively. Generally, EC and TC were used for the indicator of carbons emitted from the soil dust, and TC for the gasoline exhaust dust. Based on the binary complex formula, OC and EC accounted for 30% and 70% of TC in the soil dust, 11% and 89% in coal combustion dust, 78% and 22% in gasoline vehicle exhaust dust, 36% and 64% in diesel car exhaust dust, respectively. TC and EC in PM10 in Taiyuan were mainly from coal combustion dust. Besides vehicle exhaust dust, OC might be emitted by other important sources.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 968-972 [Abstract] ( 265 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 346KB] ( 979 )
973 Study on the concentration variation of CO2 in the background area of Yangtze River Delta
PU Jing-Jiao, XU Hong-Hui, GU Jun-Qiang, ZHOU Ling-Xi, FANG Shuang-Xi
Atmospheric CO2 concentration was continuously measured from January 2009 to December 2010 to study the effects of surface wind direction, surface wind speed and air mass transport on CO2 concentration at Lin’an regional atmospheric background station. The results revealed that the diurnal variation of atmospheric CO2 concentration showed the single-peak pattern at Lin'an regional background station. The diurnal concentration of CO2 varied from 9.5×10-6 (V/V) to 44.3×10-6 (V/V), with the lowest value observed in the afternoon and the highest at dawn. The difference between maximum and minimum monthly mean CO2 concentrations was 10.1×10-6 (V/V), with the highest concentration observed in winter and spring and the lowest in summer. Study on the effects of surface wind direction, surface wind speed and air mass transport on CO2 concentration showed the dominant wind directions were NW~NNE in summer and NNE~ESE in winter, which could bring on higher CO2 concentration. The CO2 concentration turned lower with higher surface wind speed. The impact of long-range transport of air masses on CO2 concentration depended on the source strength of CO2 in the pathway.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 973-979 [Abstract] ( 249 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 691KB] ( 1457 )
980 A study on emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from enameled wire industry
WANG Yu-Nan, YE Dai-Qi, LIN Jun-Min, YE Chi-De, FU Ming-Li
The emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from raw materials input to products output (raw materials input, destruction, leakage, fugacity, final emission, products output) were studied in enameled wires manufacturing processes based on the concept of source-tracing, production process investigations, on-site sampling and experimental analysis. The results showed that 41 kinds of VOCs were detected, 81.1% VOCs from raw materials were destroyed, 3.5% escaped from paint storage tank, paint supply system, etc. 2.6% leaked from furnace outlet and other links, 8.4% emitted from organized emission pipes, only few were remain in products. The main emitted constituents of VOCs were ethyl benzene, methyl phenol, dimethyl phenol, phenol, dimethyl benzene, NMP, DMF. The emission factor was (24.75±6.52) g VOCs/kg enameled wires. The emission of VOCs from enameled wire manufactures in the year 2010 was 2.62 million tons and it would reach 3.19 millon tons in the year 2015 were estimated by emission factor method.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 980-987 [Abstract] ( 278 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 487KB] ( 1323 )
988 Experimental research of purification NO-containing gas by aqueous oxidation with Fenton-like agent
FAN Chun-Zhen, LI Cai-Ting, LU Pei, ZHANG Xing, ZHAO Wei-Wei, TAO Sha-Sha
The fenton-like agent (H2O2/Fe3+/UV) liquid-phase oxidation method was used to purify the NO-containing gas. The mechanism of aqueous catalytic oxidation and fenton-like reaction in denitrification and their relationship were studied by investigating the influence of different operation parameters such as H2O2 concentration, [H2O2]/[Fe3+], initial pH value, gas flow, ultraviolet rays (UV) and adding H2O2 on the NO removal efficiency. The results showed that the efficiency was improved with the increase of H2O2 concentration, and the best efficiency could be achieved when [H2O2]/[Fe3+]=6. Furthermore, when the initial pH value was less than 3, the NO removal efficiency would increase due to the enhancement of pH value, while on the contrary when initial pH>3, and the best efficiency could be reached at the initial pH value at 3. Besides, other processing activities such as employing the UV or decreasing the flue gas mass flow rate could also raise the efficiency. The experiment indicated that the efficiency could be maintained at about 80% if adding H2O2 for three times.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 988-993 [Abstract] ( 231 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 396KB] ( 750 )
994 Performance evaluation of a biofilter treating hydrogen sulfide waste gas with high load in intermittent mode under low temperature
WU Dan, ZHU Lin, WANG Jian, CHEN Zhong-Lin, LIU Qiang, GUI Ju-Duo, TANG Yin
Performance of biological removal of hydrogen sulfide waste gas in a biofilter packed with the mixtures of chicken manure and polyethylene (PE) was investigated under low temperature. The experiment was carried out in intermittent mode. The removal efficiencies were 100%, 100%, 100% and 65% with inlet concentration of 3000 mg/m3 and the EBRT of 38s, 32s, 23s and 13 s respectively. The elimination capacity reached to 812g/(m3·h) with inlet load of 528g/(m3·h). Under the condition of low temperature from 9℃ to 16.5℃, H2S removal efficiency achieved 100% with inlet concentration of 50~3000mg/m3 and EBRT of 38s, 32s and 23s. At EBRT of 13s, the removal efficiency could reach to 62%~88%. The results showed that a good performance of the biofilter was obtained with high inlet load and gas velocity under low temperature.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 994-1000 [Abstract] ( 235 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 671KB] ( 628 )
1001 Air stripping in sieve plate tower for the simulated treatment of the groundwater polluted by perchloroethylene.
ZHANG Wei, LI Li, LIN Kuang-Fei, LI Bing-Zhi, 吕Shu-Guang , DU Xiao-Ming, GUO Mei-Jin, CUI Xin-Hong
Perchloroethylene (PCE) as a typical chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent was widely used in industry. Now the groundwater of contaminated sites is badly polluted due to improper handling of PCE, which results in a serious threat to human health and ecological security. Air stripping in sieve plate tower for the treatment of the water polluted by PCE was studied. The results are as follows: After air stripping, PCE concentration declined from 25.68mg/L to 0.62mg/L, and removal rate amounted to 97.59%; Gas-liquid ratio obviously affected PCE removal rate and the optimum gas-liquid ratio was around 200; Initial concentration influenced the removal effect slightly; Waste water was better treated by 4 plates column; Experimental data followed one-order decay model very well; Economic cost was about ￥0.31 per ton of waste water, and therefore air stripping as a pre-treatment process of biochemical method was desirable.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1001-1006 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 450KB] ( 889 )
1007 Characterization of activated sludge in a sludge reduction process using lysozyme
SONG Yong, SHI Zhou, CHEN Shi-Yang, LUO Lu
Partial residual sludge from a sequential batch reactor (SBR), after mixed with lysozyme, was fed back to the SBR. The effects of the lysozyme on sludge reduction and sludge characteristics in the SBR system were evaluated through the comparative observation of the sludge in a reference SBR without lysozyme addition. Experimental results showed that the lysozyme could effectively reduce the production of excess sludge by 76.29% in the test SBR system during 50 days operation. The average removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia-N in the SBR with lysozyme addition was almost the same as that in the reference system, which were 88.12% and 69.05% respectively, but the average TP removal decreased by 17.2% in the lysozyme added system comparing with the reference one. It was further found that after treated with lysozyme, microbial activity of the sludge was enhanced, the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) was elevated by 35%, and the average ATP value was improved by 3.12nmol/mgMLSS comparing with that of the reference system.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1007-1010 [Abstract] ( 221 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 325KB] ( 659 )
1011 Treatment of Cationic Red X-GRL wastewater by pyrite catalyzed Fenton-like reaction
FENG Yong, WU De-Li, MA Lu-Ming
The naturally occurring pyrite was characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) and used as a Fenton-like catalyst to catalyze H2O2oxidative discoloration of Azo dye. Factors (solution pH, pollutant initial concentration, H2O2 and pyrite dose, and reaction time) affecting the catalytic performance have been investigated. Results showed that about 95% of color removal rate can be achieved at pH 6.4 after 2min of reaction with 26.6mg/LH2O2and 1g/L pyrite. To get a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanism, the acid oxidation of pyrite surface in water solution was examined. Results demonstrated that the reutilization times of pyrite has a significant effect on the performance of aid reaction, which was clearly indicated by the concentration change of leached ferrous iron, sulfate and variation of solution pH values. High level of ferrous iron and sulfate in solution along with a great decline in solution pH can be detected when raw pyrite was added to the water solution. Therefore, the observed rapid discoloration of Azo dye in this study was mainly attributed to the homogeneous Fenton reaction between dissolved ferrous iron and H2O2. This research revealed that the catalytic rate of Fenton-like reaction can be greatly improved using pyrite as a new kind of catalyst. Pyrite’s utilization as a catalyst contributes to overcome the limitation of traditional Fenton reactions, and expands the application of Fenton-like reaction in wastewater treatment.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1011-1017 [Abstract] ( 281 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 657KB] ( 1112 )
1018 Water quality characteristics of rainfall runoff in Hefei City
XIE Ji-Feng, HU Zhi-Xin, XU Ting, HAN Hong-Yan, YIN Da-Qiang
Water samples from different underlying surface conditions, including grassplot, top of building, road in campus and road outside campus, were collected from 27 rainfall events in Hefei City. SS, COD, TN and TP were analyzed and compared. The study illustrated the time-varying regularity, the first flush effect, and the even mean concentrations of rainfall runoff pollutants on different underlying surface conditions. Results showed that contamination concentrations were commonly higher at the initial stage, while decreased with prolonging of the rainfall time and gradually became stable at the later stage. TN loading was high in rainfall runoff under both different underlying surface conditions and natural rainfall, indicating that atmospheric wet deposition contributed a lot to the TN of rainfall runoff. Variation of SS, COD, TN and TP in the road runoff outside campus were wider in the period from October 2009 to March 2010 than those in the period from April to September 2010. EMCs in the rainfall runoff depended greatly on different underlying surface conditions.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1018-1025 [Abstract] ( 227 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 838KB] ( 787 )
1026 Behavior of thallium release to water environment during the process of pyrite acidification
LI Jin-Wen, CHEN 南, WU Hui-Ming, CHANG Xiang-Yang, CHEN Yong-Heng, Basra Sohan
The trend of acid generation and characterization of long term thallium release from one pyrite with carbonate in Guangdong were studied using kinetic weathering test in humidity cell. Results of leaching tests lasting about 2 years showed that the pH of leachates decreased slowly with time and maintained more than 5 for long time after pyrite exposure to air. Thallium released and showed high mobilization once pyrite exposed in air and than thallium release decreased wave-likely with weathering on. The pH of leachate above 5 had different impact on thallium release from pH5, lower pH could not cause more thallium releasing, concentration of dissolved thallium in leachate was positively with pH and reductive condition was good for thallium releasing.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1026-1031 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 422KB] ( 620 )
1032 Spatial distribution of ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface waters of Lake Taihu.
GUO Guang-Hui, WU Feng-Chang, HE Hong-Ping, ZHANG Rui-Qing, LI Hui-Xian
On the basis of PAHs concentrations in Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay and Xukou Bay of Taihu Lake, potentially affected fractions of PAHs to aquatic organisms in Lake Taihu were calculated using species sensitivity distribution.Spatial distribution of ecological risk were mapped using geographical information system. The ecological risk of PAHs to aquatic organisms was in the order of Flua (1.1641%), Phe (0.2206%), Pyr (0.1633%), BaP (0.0175%), Ant (0.0021%), Flu (0.0005%), Ace (0.0000%). The combined ecological risk caused by ∑7PAH was higher than that from individual PAHs. Ecological risks of Ant, BaP and ∑7PAH to aquatic organisms in Meiliang Bay (0.0209%, 0.1237%, and 4.1018%) were significantly higher than those in Gonghu and Xukou Bay, while there was no significant difference between ecological risks in Gonghu Bay (0.0023%, 0.0085%, and 3.0414%)and Xukou Bay(0.0002%, 0.0015%, and 2.3899%). Ecological risks of Flu and Phe in Xukou Bay (0.0004%, 0.1553%)were significantly lower than those in Meiliang Bay (0.0011%, 0.2999%) and Gonghu Bay (0.0009%, 0.2681%), whereas there was no significant difference in ecological risks from Flu and Phe in Meiliang Bay and Gonghu Bay. Ecological risks of Pyr and Flua in Meiliang Bay(0.3268%和1.7156%), Gonghu Bay (0.1697%, 1.2386%) and Xukou Bay (0.1044%, 0.8339%) were significantly different from each other. The maps of spatial distribution of ecological risk produced by the distance inverse weight method demonstrated that the distribution characteristics of ecological risks from several individual PAHs and ∑7PAH in three bays of Lake Taihu were similar, and the ecological risk of PAHs to all the aquatic organisms in descending order of Northwestern Meiliang Bay, Northern Gonghu Bay and Xukou Bay.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1032-1039 [Abstract] ( 222 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1474KB] ( 965 )
1040 Research on determination of total volatile organic sulfur compounds in water
WANG Yan-Jun, ZHENG Xiao-Ling, HE Ying, ZHANG Dong, WANG Bao-Dong
A detection technology was established comprising trap, desorption, oxidation and UV fluorescence determination process and used for the test of total concentration of trace volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in water. A cryogenic trap-thermal desorption device was developed, which was applied to capture and enrich trace volatile organic sulfur compounds. Under high temperature and combustion-supporting gas, the VSCs were completely oxidized into sulfur dioxide. Analyzing the content of sulfur dioxide through ultraviolet fluorescence method indirectly help to gain the total concentration of volatile organic sulfur compounds. The trapping temperature, gas stripping room temperature, desorption temperature, oxidation temperature were 5℃, 65℃, 150℃ and 1000℃ and the purge time was 20min, respectively. The detection limit was as low as 6ng/L, precision was 5.5% and recovery of the method was 91.6~95.1%. This content of trace amounts of VSCs determined from pond water at Qingdao was 1503~1911ng/L.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1040-1045 [Abstract] ( 199 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 367KB] ( 1166 )
1046 Distribution characteristics and risk evaluation of organoclorine pesticides in runoff from typical area of Danjiangkou Reservoir
TAI Chao, ZHANG Kun-Feng, ZHOU Tian-Jian, ZHAO Tong-Qian, XIAO Chun-Yan, WU Li
Five groups of artificial runoff fields were built to collect runoff based on the different types of land-use in the Middle Line Source Area of South-to-North Water Diversion Project area around Danjiangkou Reservoir. The distribution characteristics of organ chlorine pesticides (OCPs) in runoff of aqueous phase and particles phase were studied. The contents of 20 USEPA priority OCPs in runoff were determined using GC/MS method. The results showed that α-HCH and DDE were detected in runoff particles, but only α-HCH was detected in soluble phase. The concentrations of OCPs of the particle phase in the collected runoff samples of different land-use types decreased in the order: cultivated land (137.35ng/g) >oak forest(43.74ng/g) >orchard (26.89ng/g), and in aqueous phase was: cultivated land(1.94 1.94ng/L) >oak forest(1.90 1.94ng/L) >orchard(1.19 1.94ng/L). The characteristics of OCPs components show that the arable land and orchards were polluted by human, which is also consistent with the local development. The content of OCPs in the same land-use types decreased in the order: 10~15°>5~10°>0~5°. The OCPs concentration increased with the slope in runoff, which is perhaps because the slope had great influences on the generation of the runoff. The source of α-HCH and DDE in the submerged soil and runoff were investigated, which indicated that α-HCH maybe come from the earlier residues and atmospheric deposition. While DDE maybe come from the early application of the pesticide DDT decomposition under aerobic conditions product.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1046-1053 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 499KB] ( 683 )
1054 Adorption characteristics of phosphorus from different grain sizes sediment in western liao river
WANG 而Li, WANG Si-Qi
Batch experiments of equilibrium adsorption were carried out to investigate the characteristics of phosphorus from different grain sizes sediment in Western Liao River. The results indicated that phosphorus sorption characteristics of different grain size sediment conformed with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm. Clay and silt adorption capacity had greater numbers relatively, and values were 3791.12mg/kg and 2323.33mg/kg respectively, which were equivalent to 6.68 and 4.09 times of coarse sand. Besides, phosphorus from clay and silt adsorption was an important part of the sediment phosphorus cycling, entrance flux were 3791.12mg/kg and 2323.33mg/kg adsorbed phosphorus per kilogram suspend silt respectively, which carried by wash load from Western Liao River to the sea. Furthermore, the proportion of wash load sediment in total phosphorus adsorption was 28.30%. In addition, the study results indicated there was a high correlation between normalized partition coefficient and loosely combined humus. Otherwise, phosphorus sorption capacity had a high correlation with stably combined humus. There might be micro-hole filling sorption mechanism on aggregate structure formed by stably and tightly combined humus.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1054-1061 [Abstract] ( 205 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 500KB] ( 895 )
1062 Water chemistry characteristics of a typical agricultural small watershed in Three Gorge Reservoir area and its changing tendency
LI Meng-Jie, JIANG Tao, HE Ren-Jiang, MU Zhi-Jian, WEI Shi-Qiang, XIE De-Ti
Through systematically monitoring the ion compositions of the water bodies, a case study has been conducted in a typical agricultural small watershed-Wang Jiagou Small Watershed, which is located in Three Gorges Reservoir areas, Chongqing, for understanding the characteristics of its water chemistry and the changing tendency, The results showed that Ca2+ and Cl- were predominant cation and anion respectively, waters in the watershed were of fresh water, and the water quality belonged to Cl--Ca2+ type classified as ClCaⅢ type. Meanwhile, it￠s also found that TZ+ was 6.30meq/L, which highly exceeded the world average level, and TZ- was accordingly 6.29meq/L. Additionally, the average TDS was 294.78mg/L, indicating the existence of significant chemical erosion process. Furthermore, for most ions among different sampling points, the significant variations of ions contents were also observed due to seasons and water types.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1062-1068 [Abstract] ( 242 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 589KB] ( 807 )
1069 Distribution of suspended sediment and particulate organic carbon of the northern Huanghe Delta in winter in China
HU Bang-Qi, LI Guo-Gang, BU Ru-Yuan, LI Jun, ZHANG Yong-Ming, ZHAO Jing-Tao
In Dec. 2008, a total of 137 samples were collected from 34 stations off the northern Huanghe Delta to analyze the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and particulate organic carbon (POC). The results show that the SSC varied between 5~1064mg/L, both the surface and bottom high SSC zone (>600mg/L) located parallel to the coastline along the delta coast of the abandoned Diaokou-Shenxiangou river mouth. The SSC decreased dramatically seaward with increasing water depth. The POC ranged from 17 to 640mg/L, with similar distribution pattern in surface and bottom layers. The high POC zone also located along the delta coast, however, this zone extended even further in the bottom layer, from the Diaokou mouth area to the central Bohai Bay. A significant positive correlation existed between POC and SSC, suggesting that the source of suspended sediments was an important factor for the POC. In winter, the high zones of SSC and POC were correlated well with the erosion center and the high wave-induced bottom shear stress (>0.2N/m2) off the abandoned Diaokou river mouth. This study suggests that the delta coast areas off the abandoned Diaokou-Shenxiangou river mouth were not only the major source of SSC, but also the POC, most likely caused by the strongly winter storm waves.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1069-1074 [Abstract] ( 216 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 844KB] ( 886 )
1075 Study on the hazard assessment method of pollution sources in groundwater source fields
JIN Ai-Fang, ZHANG Xu, LI Guang-He
Based on GIS technology platform and analytic hierarchy process, the hazard assessment parameters system for groundwater pollution sources, which was involved in eight indexes related to characteristics of pollution sources and properties of pollutants, were constructed. The coupling model was established by the assessment of source characteristics and pollutant properties. The problem of quantitative evaluation of pollution sources in a groundwater source field was solved. This established method was applied to assess the hazard of pollution sources in some groundwater source field. The potential groundwater hazard degree of the drainage ditches, the seepage pits around the petrochemical corporation and in the river shoal zone in the southern and eastern of study area was high; the corresponding degrees of the petrochemical corporation and the rest areas were medial and low. The results of hazard assessment will provide technical support for effective supervision of pollution sources.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1075-1079 [Abstract] ( 213 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 420KB] ( 883 )
1080 Isolation and degradation properties of heavy oil-degrading strain Bacillus flexus DL1-G
REN Yan-Jun, CHEN Mei-Mei, YUE Yong, WANG Lei, WANG Jing, WANG Wan-Fu
A bacterial strain DL1-G able to effectively degrade heavy oil was isolated from heavy oil-contaminated soil in the Dalian Bonded Area. The strain was identified to Bacillus flexus through morphological observation, physiological characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis. The results showed that the degradation rate of 1g/L heavy oil was 39.89%, the total absolute contents of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons was decreased by 68.30%. The saturated hydrocarbon nC11~nC38, nC6~nC30-alkyl cyclohexanes, pristine, phytane were undetected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after biotreatment, more than 99% C14~C16-bicyclic sesquiterpanes, 8α(H), 8β(H)-Drimane degraded, 13β(H),14α(H)-C19~C29-tricyclic terpanes and 11 kinds of steroidal compounds degraded by 36.32% and 12.04%, respectively. Among the aromatic hydrocarobons, more than 90% naphthalene series, fluorene series, dibenzothiophene series were degraded, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorine, pyrene and naphthalene were degraded by 98.55%、97.16%、82.98 %、64.85%、63.61%, respectively, indicating strain DL1-G might play a significant role in biotreatment of heavy oil pollution.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1080-1086 [Abstract] ( 270 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 568KB] ( 799 )
1087 Preparation and performance testing of bactericide sustained-release capsules
ZHANG Zhe, YANG Chen, DANG Zhi, SHU Xiao-Hua
The oxidation of sulfide tailings could lead to acid mine drainage (AMD) and heavy metal pollution problems in the mining area, it was important to prevent the oxidation of sulfide tailing to control the pollution of mining. Previous researches revealed that acidophilic bacteria, represented by Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans (A.f), played a key role in the process of oxidation of minerals. The aim of this study was to inhibit the biooxidation of sulfide tailing through bactericidal sustained-release capsules. The results proved that sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was an efficient bactericide for A.f. Bactericide sustained release pills were prepared by dripping method. The results of characterization showed that SDS could disperse effectively in the cellulose acetate (CA) skeleton of sustained-release capsules. The loading of SDS was more than 40% and loading SDS could be released continually from capsules into acidic solution, while ρ(SDS) of the solution increased gradually. Bioleaching experiments of pyrite showed that pH, Eh and dissolution rate of heavy metal for the treated samples varied differently with untreated samples. The pH and Eh values of leaching solution kept relatively constant for treated samples comparing to variable for untreated samples, ρ(Zn2+) and total Fe concentrations of leaching solution for treated system were lower than those of untreated system. The study suggested that the sustained-release capsules could prevent the biooxidation of pyrite through inhibiting the growth of A.f, it would be an effective way to control the biooxidation of sulfide tailings in the long term.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1087-1092 [Abstract] ( 240 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1226KB] ( 718 )
1093 Microbial community analysis of microbial fuel cells fueled with quinoline
ZHANG Cui-Ping, XIE Jian, JIA Hou-Lei, LI Ming-Chen, LUO Yong, LI Jie
A graphite-packed MFC was constructed to investigate anode microbial community firstly in the MFC when using quinoline as fuel. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that microbial community changed with the substrates. Due to the inhibition of quinoline toxic ability, microbial species diversity decreased and the dominating species changed significantly when using quinoline-glucose mixture. Compared to the mixed substrates with glucose, the microbial community changed significantly when the substrate changed to sole quinoline. Furthermore, a new species was found, which had the highest homology (100%) with Pseudomonas sp. DIC5RS. We speculated that this strain played the key role in degradating quinoline when using sole quinoline as the fuel.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1093-1097 [Abstract] ( 220 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 391KB] ( 613 )
1098 Effect of Trichoderma sp. preparation on plant growth and Cu accumulation of Elsholtzia splendens
TIAN Ye, TENG Ying, ZHAO Jing, LI Zhen-Gao, MA Wen-Ting, ZHANG Ming-Xu, LUO Yong-Ming
Spores of Trichoderma reesei FS10-C were made into Trichoderma sp. preparation with alfalfa powder by solid-state fermentation. And a pot experiment was carried out to investigate effect of the preparation on plant growth and Cu accumulation of Elsholtzia splendens in soils spiked with 0,100,200 and 400 mg/kg of CuSO4. The results indicated that the plant biomass of Elsholtzia splendens showed an increasing trend in soils with all spiked Cu concentrations after applying of the preparation, except for shoot dry weight in soils with external Cu levels of 400 mg/kg. The preparation increased NH4OAc-extractable Cu in all Cu contaminated soils significantly in comparison with that in the control (P<0.05), and also led to an increasing trend in Cu accumulations of all plants, except for that in shoot in soils with external Cu level of 100 mg/kg. Cu accumulations were significantly enhanced in shoots in soils with external Cu levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg, in roots in soils with external Cu levels of 100 mg/kg and in individual plants in soils with external Cu levels of 100 and 400 mg/kg (P<0.05). The results suggested that this Trichoderma reesei FS10-C preparation could be a potential bioremediation agent for Cu contaminated soil by promoting growth of Elsholtzia splendens and increasing Cu phytoavailability in soil.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1098-1103 [Abstract] ( 190 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 493KB] ( 730 )
1104 The purification progress of lignin peroxidase by reversed micelle system
GUO Ling-Zhi, YUAN Xing-Zhong, ZENG Guang-Ming, CUI Kai-Long, HUANG Hua-Jun, LIANG Yun-Shan, FANG Zhen-Min, PENG Xin
A novel reversed micellar system had been developed to investigate the purification of lignin peroxidase (LiP). The anionic biosurfactant rhamnolipid (RL) was used to construct the reversed micellar system, while the isooctane and n-hexanol (1:1, V/V) were used as the apolar organic solvent and cosurfactant, respectively. In both the forward and backward extraction processes, the effects of RL concentration, shaking time, the pH value and ionic strength of water phase were studied. The results showed that the best condition for forward extraction was at 2.75mmol/L RL, 0.04mol/L KCl, pH 3.0 and with the shaking time of 30min (200r/min). As regards backward extraction process, 0.5mol/L KCl and pH 6.0 were suggested. In the above optimum conditions, the LiP activity recovery (AR) and purification fold (PF) were up to 93% and 2.9 times, respectively. The SDS-PAGE analysis further proved that the LiP was successfully purified.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1104-1109 [Abstract] ( 180 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 377KB] ( 699 )
1110 Effects of organic substance mixing ratios on methane bioconversion through high-solids anaerobic co-fermentation
ZHAO Yun-Fei, LIU Xiao-Ling, LI Shi-Zhong, RUAN Wen-Quan, LIU Jian-Shuang, TIAN Meng
Evaluation of high-solids anaerobic co-fermentation of carbohydrate, protein and lipid at various mixing ratios was conducted at mesophilic (35℃ ± 1℃) and high-solids (12% total solids) condition. The effects of mixing ratios on methane conversion and degradation efficiency of organic substance were investigated. Results showed that the maximum values of specific methane production potential (Ps), specific methane production rate (Rs) and methane yield were all achieved at mixing ratio of 55:36:9, and they increased to 404.1mL/gVS, 11.2mL/(gVS·d), and 326.7mL/gVS, respectively. Compared with other mixing ratios, the degradation process of oragnic substance was also more effective and more stable at the ratio of 55:36:9. Adding appropriate carbohydrate could not only enchance the degradation itself, but also improve the degradation efficiency of protein and lipid. Moreover, it was found that when carbohydrate in the substrate accounted for more than 65%, the high concentration of total volatile fatty acid (VFA), some single VFA and total undissociated acid became the primary factors resulting in methane production inhibition. Increasing the proportion of protein could lead to the prolonged star-up period as well as fermentation time. When protein increased up to 48%, a switch to the inhibition of methane production by total ammonia (TNH3-N) and free ammonia (NH3-N) occurred.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1110-1117 [Abstract] ( 239 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 613KB] ( 1470 )
1118 Concentration of urinary hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coke oven workers in Taiyuan City
WANG Bei-Bei, DUAN Xiao-Li, LIU Ping, HUANG Nan, WANG Cui-Ping, JIANG Qiu-Jing
60 coke oven workers (F/M=2:1, age: 40~50) from Taiyuan, Shanxi province were recruited and their urine samples were collected before and after 8h work in heating (December 2009) and non-heating season (September 2009), respectively, with 60 farmer as control group. Informations on their age, gender, and others were gathered by a unified questionnaire. Concentration levels of 6OH-PAHs in urine samples were determined by enzymatic hydrolysis-high-performance liquid chromatography. The average concentration of 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu), 3-hydryxyphenanthrene (3-OHPhe), 9-hydryxyphenanthrene (9-OHPhe), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPy) and 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OHBaP) were 19.83, 5.63, 2.05, 1.75, 1.67and 0.23μmol/mol creatinine in coke oven workers. The trend of OH-PAHs concentration level was in order of 2-OHNap> 2-OHFlu> Σ-OHPhe (3-OHPhe +9- OHPhe)> 1-OHPy> 3-OHBap; the levels of men were higher than that of women, and the levels in heating period were higher than that in non-heating period. Concentrations trend of urinary OH-PAHs level was top side workers> side oven workers > bottom side workers>control group, which was adjust for external exposure categories. Concentrations of OH-PAHs after 8hours work were higher than the levels before work, and 3-OHBap had the most greatly increase by 55%. The results show that there was a proportional relationship between urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs and external exposure levels of coke oven workers. Therefore, further research of the relationship between external and internal exposure levels of coke oven workers is recommended.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1118-1122 [Abstract] ( 233 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 320KB] ( 704 )
1123 Impact of environmental factors on Ca2+-ATPase activity of Potamogeton crispus root and leaf plasma membrane
XIAO Peng-Cheng, ZHU Duan-Wei, LUO Yuan, WAN Xiao-Qiong, CAI Jian-Bo
Ca2+-ATPase activity of P. crispus root and leaf plasma membrane was studied by changing the solution conditions including temperature, pH value, ATP concentration, and calcium concentration. The results indicated that the activity of root plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase reached the maximum at pH 6.0 and 40℃, while the leaf enzyme highly activated at a broad range of pH at an optimum reaction temperature of 45℃. Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity in the root reached the maximum at 3 mmol/L ATP and in the leaf at 4 mmol/L ATP in the solution. P. crispus root and leaf plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity increased up to the presence of 10-4 mol/L calcium in the solution. The alteration of CaCl2 concentration in culture solution for P. crispus cultivation resulted in different Ca2+-ATPase activity in both root and leaf plasma membrane. The root plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity was higher than in the leaf, and the difference was more remarkable with increments of calcium in the culture solution. At lower concentration of calcium than 10 mg/L (2.5×10-4 mol /L) in the culture solution, the Ca2+-ATPase activity was raised gradually. Between 10 mg/L to 15 mg/L, Ca2+-ATPase activity dropped sharply, which is in agreement with the impact of calcium concentration on Ca2+-ATPase activity.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1123-1128 [Abstract] ( 222 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 419KB] ( 652 )
1129 Toxic effect of formaldehyde on mouse bone marrow
KE Yu-Jie, QIN Xiao-Dan, LI Lan, ZHANG Yu-Chao, DU Juan, DING Shu-Mao
An investigation on the toxic effect of formaldehyde on bone marrow of male SPF level Kunming mice was conducted. After a 72h continuous and dynamic exposure to gaseous formaldehyde with three different concentrations (0.5mg/m3, 1.0mg/m3 and 3.0mg/m3, respectively), cell number at different phases of the cell cycle, DNA-protein crosslink (DPC), DNA stability and the expression profile of Nucleostemin and CYP1B1, two key factors in bone marrow cell differentiation were detected. The results indicated that formaldehyde exposure could cause DNA damage of bone marrow cell, with an obvious dose-response relationship between the DNA stability and DPC effect. Compared with the control group, the expression of Nucleostemin significantly increased in the 1.0mg/m3 group while it significantly decreased in the 0.5 and 3.0mg/m3 groups. The expression of CYP1B1 was also significantly different with that in the control group and the most obvious increase was found in the 1.0mg/m3 group. Thereby we conclude that mice exposed to formaldehyde can affect normal growth and metabolism of bone marrow cells.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1129-1133 [Abstract] ( 237 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 429KB] ( 759 )
1134 Ecosystem health assessment of agro-pastoral ecotones in Norhtern China based on DFSR Model—A case study of Yanchi County, Ning Xia
ZHANG Xiu-Juan, ZHOU Li-Hua
Based on the DFSR model, the evaluation index system for ecosystem health assessment was established GIS and RS research method were also used on the ecosystem health assessment of Yanchi County. Results showed that the values of driving force, state, response in Yanchi County increased gradually in year of 2000, 2002, 2006~2008, which indicated that the ecosystem health of Yanchi County was on the rise. Values of driving force and state in 2009 increased which the value of response decreased, and the total value didn’t change, which indicated that the ecosystem health of Yanchi County were steady.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1134-1140 [Abstract] ( 265 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 897KB] ( 629 )
1141 Effects of accelerated development of urban rail transit in Shanghai before the World Expo on greenhouse gas emission reduction
LI Li-Feng, HU Jing, SHAO Dan
To clarify the effects of accelerated development of Shanghai’s urban rail transit since 2007 on GHG emission reduction, based on analysis of the annual changes of traffic modes and GHG emissions further comparison was made between the real scenario (accelerated development of rail transit) and the Business-As-Usual scenario (normal development of rail transit). The results showed that the rail transit absorbed 50% of the total increment of commuting volume since 2007, which (1) helped to relieve the stress of congestion and pollution related to car growth, (2) slowed down the growth rate of GHG emissions from Shanghai’s commuting system even though the traffic volume was growing rapidly at the same time. In the real scenario, the total GHG emissions (CO2-e) from inside-city commuting from the beginning of 2007 to the end of October, 2010 was 789,000 tons lower than those in the BAU scenario. This not only made great contribution to Shanghai Expo to offset part of its GHG emissions before closing and to achieve its Low-Carbon Expo target, but also piloted in Shanghai’s transformation toward a low-carbon city.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1141-1147 [Abstract] ( 212 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 492KB] ( 736 )
1148 Ecosystem health assessment of Chongqing City based on entropy and GM (1, 1) model
GUO Rui-Li, ZHENG Qin-Yu, LIU Juan, LI Mei-Rong
Entropy-comprehensive evaluation model was established to assess the health level of urban ecosystem in Chongqing, China, the coefficients of weight index were derived from the available value of data reflecting the information entropy. Based on the evaluation results and mathematical modeling theory, GM (1,1) grey prediction model was established to make dynamic trend analysis of ecological health in Chongqing City. The experimental results indicated that the overall level of urban ecosystem health was continuously improved from 2005 to 2009, the elements index arranged in order of evaluation value size were vigor index, resilience index, organization structure index, serviceability index and people living index. From these results and model, it could be concluded that the health level of Chongqing city ecosystem will rise continuously by the rate of e0.1268 during 2010 to 2015. GM (1,1) grey prediction model based on entropy-comprehensive evaluation could have an more objective and comprehensive assessment of urban ecosystem health.
2012 Vol. 32 (6): 1148-1152 [Abstract] ( 279 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 598KB] ( 1608 )
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