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2013 Vol.33 Issue.9,Published 2013-09-20
1537
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1537-1538 [Abstract] ( 193 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 120KB] ( 829 )
1539 Photo chemical property and source of particles during contunious episodes in October 2011 in Beijing
GAO Jian, ZHANG Yue-Chong, CHAI Fa-He, WANG Shu-Lan, ZHANG Meng, ZHANG Jing-Qiao, WANG Feng-Wei
The gaseous pollutants, particles and single particles were observed in October 2011 in Beijing. Here we analyzed the relationship between primary pollutants, physical and chemical properties of single particles, and photochemical properties of air masses. The origination of the air masses was analyzed combining with back trajectories. The result show that in October there were three obvious pollution episodes: in the first episode, the air masses were found to be regional and photochemical aged, which originated from the border of Hebei and Shandong Province. The air masses during the second episode mainly came from Hebei Province and mixed with local air masses with short photochemical age. During the third one, the air masses characterized as freshly emitted plume, which were supposed to originate from Beijing, Tianjin or areas in Mid-North of Hebei Province.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1539-1545 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1108KB] ( 826 )
1546 Morphologies and elemental compositions of individual particles under different weather conditions in Beijing
LI Ze-Xi, SHAO Long-Yi, FAN Jing-Sen, HU Ying, HOU Cong
This paper analyzed the morphologies, elemental compositions and sulfuration characteristics of the fine particles collected in Beijing from March to April 2011under different weather conditions by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The fine particles of the dust weather in March 2010and the fog weather samples in November, 2010were also investigated with the same methods. The results showed that particles could be subdivided into 4major morphological categories, including soot aggregates, fly ash, mineral and secondary particles. Particle types have no obvious variation under different weather conditions. According to elemental compositions, mineral particles can be classified into 9categories, namely, “Si-rich” (occupying 46% by number), “Ca-rich” (17%), “S-rich” (13%), “Fe-rich” (7%), “Na-rich” (6%), and other particles including “Ti-rich”, “Al-rich”, “Cl-rich” and “Mg-rich”. The proportion of these different particles in PM10was influenced by weather conditions, with the number percentage of the “Si-rich” particles in dust storm (83%) being obviously higher than those on cloudy day (36%) and foggy day (32%). A higher number of “S-rich” particles were found in the cloudy and foggy days, being 10.7% and 26% respectively, indicating that the cloudy and foggy weather is favorable for secondary reactions and formation of S-rich particles. Sulfuration characteristics analysis of S-containing particles shows that, contain S mineral content differences in different weather, cloudy 16%, fog 36%, and it was barely found in sunny day and dust storm, it shows that at certain SO2concentration, the atmospheric humidity higher, the sulfation is more obvious. The Sulfation on the surface of particles in foggy day is quite serious, in the high sulfur content particles, most also contains Ca, Na, Si and Fe elements, indicating that alkaline mineral in the air which contains Ca, Na, Si and Fe elements have some buffer action to the acid mist.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1546-1552 [Abstract] ( 236 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1337KB] ( 676 )
1553 Size-resolved activation properties of aerosols over the Pearl River Delta and ansensitivitystudy of the CCN slosure
GU Xue-Song, YIN Yan, TAN Hao-Bo, LI Fei, XU Han-Bing, WAN Qi-Lin
This work utilized SMPS and CCNC system to measure size-resolved activation properties of atmospheric particles with diameters of 40~200nm at the CAWNET station in Panyu, Guangzhou, December 2011. The activation curve and statistical results show that the critical dry diameters Dmid are 143.7, 99.5, 74.7and 62.6nm, respectively, at supersaturation of 0.109%、0.20%、0.39%、0.67%, and the cut-off diameters Dcut are 171.9, 119.1, 90.2and 72.5nm, respectively. This indicates that the activation ability of an aerosol particle is mostly controlled by its size, while composition and mixing state of the particle have an effect around the activation critical point. It is also found that the activation ability of aerosols observed in this study is generally weaker than that observed in North China and suburban regions. Our results also show that the CCN number concentrationscalculated based on the size-resolved activation ratio and aerosol size distribution is well correlated with the observed valuess, with an average overestimation of 16%.Further sensitivity tests show thatparticle concentration NCN, normalized size distribution NSD and activation curve ARSR are the three most important factors to the calculated CCN concentration and their relative importance are NCN> NSD> ARSR.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1553-1562 [Abstract] ( 212 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1171KB] ( 631 )
1563 Characteristics of haze weathers with different level in Shenzhen during 1981~2010
WANG Ming-Jie, ZHU Xiao-Ya, CHEN Shen-Peng
Based on the observational haze data and the air environment quality data in Shenzhen during 1981~2010, the long-term variation tendency of the haze weather with different level was analyzed along with the relationship between the haze weather and the atmospheric visibility, air quality. The annual haze days of Shenzhen showed an increasing trend overall. At the same time, the numbers of the haze days at each level, such as slight, mild, moderate and severe, also showed an increasing trend. The proportion of the slight haze declined, while the proportion of the haze over the mild level rose over the 30 years. For different seasons, the maximum occurrence probability of haze weather was recorded in winter, followed by autumn, spring and summer sequentially. However, the severe level of haze happened mostly in summer. The occurrence of the haze weather often led to the descending of the atmospheric horizontal visibility that average visibility during haze days was about 6~7km lower than it in non-haze days, and a higher level of haze often result in a lower visibility. The air quality monitoring data suggested that the SO2, NO2 concentrations during haze days were 1.4~1.7 times of those in the non-haze days, while the PM10 concentration was 2.2 times, which indicated the increase of atmospheric particulate pollution was possibly one important reason of haze increasing. For Lixiang Station, PM10 and NO2 concentrations during haze days exhibited a bimodal diurnal variation characteristics which was accordant with the rush hours, which suggested that the increasing number of the motor vehicles contributed to haze weather in Shenzhen. The data also showed that the higher the haze level was, the higher of the PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations, and the increase of the PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations between each haze level was about 15%~20% .
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1563-1568 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 469KB] ( 1159 )
1569 The characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer during tropical cyclone process and its influence on air quality over Pearl River Delta region
WU Meng, FAN Shao-Jia, WU Dui
Based on the sounding data at 3 stations from the boundary layer observation experiment over Pearl River Delta (PRD) region during July 2006 and the corresponding hourly wind data from other 9 meteorological stations, the influences of tropical cyclone process on air quality over PRD region were discussed by analyzing the gradient and fluctuation of wind and temperature measured in the observation experiment, and the variation characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer in haze weather which affected by tropical cyclone process were also analyzed. It was found that, the air quality was strong influenced by the tropical cyclone when typhoon center was near coastland of East Guangdong and Fujian provinces. During the haze weather which impacted by peripheral subsidence flow of tropical cyclone process, the PRD region was under the control of uniform pressure field, and the wind was light in most parts of PRD, the wind speed was small in boundary layer and sea-land breeze had significant influence on air quality. Before tropical cyclone landing, temperature inversion layer occurred in 200~500m, the maximum mixing layer height decreased to lower than 500m dramatically.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1569-1576 [Abstract] ( 263 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 662KB] ( 1328 )
1577 Observation and analysis of urban upper atmospheric carbon monoxide in Nanjing
HUANG Xing, HUANG Xiao-Xian, WANG Ti-Jian, ZHUANG Bing-Liang, LI Shu, XIE Min, HAN Yong, YANG Xiu-Qun, SUN Jian-Ning, DING Ai-Jun, FU Cong-Bin
Using the continuous measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) at Urban Atmospheric Environment Observation Station (32°03′20″N,118°46′32″E) of Nanjing University from January to December 2011, the concentration characteristics of CO was investigated. Backward trajectory and cluster analysis were used to isolate air masses reaching Nanjing with different chemical characteristics. The satellite data from MOPITT was used to analyze vertical distribution of CO at Nanjing. Studies revealed that the annual mean concentration of CO was (757.5±410.5)×10-9. CO exhibited significant diurnal variation with the peak around 8:00am and the trough around 16:00pm. Diurnal variations in four seasons were different, which was the largest in spring and the smallest in summer. As to weekly variation of CO, the highest concentration occurred on Friday. There was an obviously seasonal cycle of CO, with maximum in January and minimum in June. Backward trajectories arriving at Nanjing were divided into 6categories using HYSPLIT4model and cluster technique. The results indicated that CO level in the air masses from south of Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Shanghai City was the highest. The air masses from Siberian Plateau, fast transport to Nanjing, were the cleanest. The vertical variation of CO in summer was different from that in other three seasons at Nanjing. Compared with the ground-based observation, retrieved CO concentration near surface was significantly lower.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1577-1584 [Abstract] ( 388 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 470KB] ( 1010 )
1585 Numerical analysis of turbulent effect on the collection of inertial aerosols by raindrops
HUA Feng-Jiao, LIU Xiao-Yan, KANG Yan-Ming
The scavenging coefficient of aerosols by raindrops depends on the collection efficiency and the flow pattern around the raindrops. Considering the turbulent features of the ambient atmosphere, the collecting processes of inertial aerosols on large raindrops for both laminar and turbulent flows are estimated by employing numerical simulation. The distortion of particle trajectories caused by turbulent fluctuation are discussed and analyzed. The numerical results show that the collection efficiency for laminar flow agrees well with the experimental data of previous studies. When a turbulent intensity exists in the incoming air, particle trajectories are strongly affected by the stochastic variations of the flow, the collection efficiency of the inertial particles are higher for turbulent flow than the case of laminar, and the enhancement of efficiency decreases with the increase of particle size.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1585-1590 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1084KB] ( 696 )
1591 Analysis of air pollutants emission control cases on textile dyeing sludge incineration
TANG Zi-Jun, FANG Ping, CEN Chao-Ping, LIANG Yang-Ming
Two sludge incineration projects of textile dyeing factories in Guangdong Province were studied. Starting from the survey of sludge treatment technique routes, incineration facilities and flue gas treatment processes, air pollutants of sludge and coal co-combustion such as dust, NOx, SO2, acid gases (HF and HCl), heavy metals and the removal efficiency of different pollutant control facilities of each project were clarified by means of on-site sampling analysis and investigation. The result shows that the effect of bag filter is satisfying, the removal efficiency could reach more than 99%; FGD technology which using textile dyeing wastewater as absorbent is not suitable for SO2 and acid gases removal; SNCR technology is economical and efficient for NOx removal; most heavy metals existing in dust could be removed by filters, while the concentration of some heavy metals (such as Hg) in outlet gas is still high, in which extra measures need to be taken to control heavy metals in flue gas. In addition, a process of dyeing sludge and coal co-incineration flue gas treatment is put forward according to the analysis of textile dyeing sludge incineration examples.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1591-1595 [Abstract] ( 265 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 333KB] ( 789 )
1596 The pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in PM2.5 during heating season in Tianjin
YAO Qing, HAN Su-Qin, CAI Zi-Ying
To explore the pollution characteristics and the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in PM2.5 of Tianjin, the main heavy metals such as Zn, Ti, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, As, Cd and Hg were detected, and the pollution status was evaluated with enrichment factors and Hakanson potential ecological risk index, respectively. The results showed that the pollution degree of the heavy metals followed the order Zn>Ti>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Co>As>Cd>Hg at the urban and Zn>Ti >Pb >Mn>Cr>Cu>Co>As>Cd>Hg at Wuqing. The ecological risk assessment of heavy metals showed that the ecological risk of Ti and Mn were basically pollution-free. As, Cr and Co existed certain pollution. The potential ecological risk of Cu、Zn、Pb and Cd was high, while ecological harm degree of Cd was extremely strong, the whole potential ecological risk degree (1381.1at the urban and 1251.1at Wuqing) was very strong.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1596-1600 [Abstract] ( 296 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 381KB] ( 896 )
1601 Extraction of alumina from coal fly ash by calcination with calcium chloride process
LIANG Zhen-Kai, LEI Xue-Fei, SUN Ying-Long, XU Hui, WANG Yi
A method of recovery of alumina from coal fly ash (CFA) is reported in this article. The method includes activation of CFA by calcination with CaCl2, followed by washing with water to recover unreacted CaCl2 and leaching with sulfuric acid. The technological conditions which were considered to be key factors for the success of the procedure, including calcination temperature, calcination time, CaCl2 dosage, sulfuric acid concentration and leaching time, were investigated. The experimental results indicate that calcination with CaCl2 can effectively decompose the corundum and mullite particles, which can hardly be broken down by mineral acid leaching. When mixed with CaCl2 at a ratio of 0.8:1 (CaCl2:CFA) and the mixture calcined at 900℃ for 30min, the recovery of alumina can reach as high as >95% by sulfuric acid leaching.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1601-1606 [Abstract] ( 277 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 578KB] ( 1099 )
1607 Spatial distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of Shouguang City, North China
FENG An-Hong, ZHU Zhi-Cheng, CHEN She-Jun, WANG Jing, LUO Xiao-Jun, MAI Bi-Xian
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in 39farmland soil samples collected from Shouguang City. The concentrations ranged from 120 to 1486 μg/kg [averaged (415 ± 312) μg/kg] for the 26 PAHs and from 84 to 1076 μg/kg [averaged (289 ± 211) μg/kg] for the 16PAHs. The PAH levels in Shouguang farmland soils were generally moderate compared to those in soils with non-point sources in China. Kriging interpolation map showed two highly contaminated areas that were located in the two industrialized areas in the eastern and western parts, respectively. Moreover, high-molecule weight and low-molecule weight PAHs (HWPAHs and LWPAHs) showed distinct spatial distributions in the soil. Principal components analysis indicated that combustion of fossil fuel, petroleum, and coals burning were the three primary sources of PAHs in soils of Shouguang City, with contributions of 44.7%, 31.7% and 23.6%, respectively. HWPAHs and LWPAHs were both correlated significantly with soil organic matter (SOM), but the correlation was more significant for LWPAHs. This suggested that LWPAHs were more susceptible to SOM than HWPAHs, which were easily controlled by local deposition. Flt and Phe in most soil exceeded the soil quality guidelines of Netherland. The incremental lifetime cancer risk associated with the PAHs in the soils in this region was basically low.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1607-1614 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 642KB] ( 655 )
1615 Research on community composition in zeolite-vegetation-concrete by PCR-DGGE
ZHANG Zheng-Ke, GUO Qing-Wei, YAN Zhi-Yong, LONG Yan, YUE Heng, XU Zhen-Cheng
The microbial community composition in zeolite-vegetation-concrete which was grown in waterfront and embankment was investigated in this study with PCR-DGGE technology. The results showed that: Shannon diversity index and species abundance value of microbial community in the system were high, and the community composition in each section of the zeolite-vegetation-concret were very different depending on the depth. The order of species abundance value growed in waterfront of zeolite-vegetation-concrete was as followed (from high to low): rhizosphere soil (depth:5~10cm)> rhizosphere soil (depth:10~15cm)>zeolite surface biofilm, however, the order of species abundance value growed in embankment was very different from the order of waterfront section, which was zeolite surface biofilm> rhizosphere soil (depth:5~10cm)>rhizosphere soil (depth:10~15cm). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, the pre-dominant species in zeolite-vegetation-concrete were different in each section. In waterfront section, the pre-dominant species in zeolite surface biofilm were Propionibacterium sp., Cronobacter dublinensis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, then Flavobacterium sp. and Salmonella sp. were the major microbe in rhizosphere soil with depth of 5~10cm, and Bradyrhizobium sp. was found to be the pre-dominant bacteria in rhizosphere soil with depth of 10~15cm. In embankment section, the pre-dominant microbe in zeolite surface biofilm were Paenibacillus sp. and Rhodopseudomonas sp., Salmonella sp., Agromyces sp. and Acidobacteria sp. were the major microbe group in rhizosphere soil with depth of 5~10cm, and Salmonella sp. was found to be the pre-dominant bacteria in rhizosphere soil with depth of 10~15cm.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1615-1621 [Abstract] ( 268 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 488KB] ( 631 )
1622 Developing the critical phosphorus threshold for spring algal growth in Lake Taihu, China
WU Ya-Li, XU Hai, YANG Gui-Jun, ZHU Guang-Wei, QIN Bo-Qiang
In order to establish a phosphorus threshold for phytoplankton growth in Tai Lake (Taihu) in spring, a in situ nutrition enrichment experiment was conducted in highly eutrophic Meiliangbay to examine the growth response of phytoplanktonto different concentration of inorganic phosphorus (PO43--P).The results showed that exogenous phosphorus (P) enrichment could promote phytoplankton growth, and that it exhibited threshold characteristics. Phytoplankton growth rate and biomass would be controlled at P addition levels of less than 0.02mg/L.When the P concentration exceeded 0.02mg/L,the growth rate and biomass remained constant. Therefore, the inorganic P threshold value for algal growth is 0.02mg/L in spring, which equivalent to 0.059mg/L of the TP threshold value.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1622-1629 [Abstract] ( 246 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 498KB] ( 974 )
1630 The comparison of organochlorine pesticides between underground water and surface water in karst area
XU Xin, SUN Yu-Chuan, WANG Peng, Md.Jahangir Alam
In order to study the difference of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) between underground water and surface water in karst area. The concentrations of OCPs residues in the water samples were measured by gas chromatography equipped with miro-63Ni electron capture detector. The results showed that the total OCPs concentrations in the water ranged from 32.13-319.53ng/L with a mean value of 134.17ng/L. The concentrations of OCPs have obvious seasonal difference and the dry season is higher than the rainy seasons. The concentrations of OCPs, DDTs, HCHs in sj is higher than sc. Through the contrast the concentrations of OCPs in sc was lower than sj during the dry season and fluctuations are small during the rainy season. The concentrations of DDTs, HCHs in the two sits have no seasonal. The concentrations of DDTs mainly for sc were less than sj. The concentrations of HCHs mainly for sc were higher than sj. Compared with sc the minimum value of OCPs, DDTs, HCHs appeared hysteresis. The difference of OCPs between underground water and surface water is due to they are in different environment. The ratio of OCPs isomers implied that using mixture HCH caused HCHs pollution. Relative to the groundwater, surface water can more accurately reflect the source of HCHs. The historical usage of mixture DDTs maybe caused DDTspollution, and DDT was dechlorinated under aerobic conditions. Due to the effect of soil, the percentage composition of DDTs, HCHs has changed.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1630-1637 [Abstract] ( 185 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 641KB] ( 533 )
1638 Relationship among sediment characteristics, eutrophication process and human activities in the Sancha Lake, Sichuan, Southwestern China
JIA Bin-Yang, FU Wen-Li, YU Jing, ZHANG Cong, TANG Ya
Based on the 210Pb and 137Cs dating, the article analyzes the vertical and lateral changes in their physical and chemical features that have happened to the lake sediment in Sancha Lake in Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. It shows the changes of Sancha Lake sediment contents and deposition rates are closely related to human activities and lake eutrophication progress. The changes of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in the lake sediment strongly coincide with that of Sancha Lake water quality. When the reservoir was first built, the lake water was in an oligotrophic state. As human activities increased, the water quality started to deteriorate and continued to do so. Human activities such as manufacturing, farming, fishing, and tourism have accelerated the eutrophication of Sancha Lake. The key to improve the water quality lies in limiting human activities. The most important source of phosphorus in sediment is from cage culture. It takes a very long time for the phosphorus concentration in the sediment to actually go down after such practices cease.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1638-1644 [Abstract] ( 274 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 948KB] ( 1082 )
1645 The effect of nitrite stress on digestive enzyme activities and isozyme expression of marine crab, Charybdis japonica
XU Xing-Hong, ZHANG Yan-Qiu, YAN Bin-Lun, LIU Yan-Qing, CHEN Song, HUANG Fu-Lin, TANG Yao
Nitrite is one of the most common stress factors in aquaculture water. In this study, the digestive enzyme activities in the hepatopancreas of Charybdis japonica under different concentrations of nitrite stress (0.15, 0.3, 2, 5, 10, 20mg/L) were measured by using bioenzymatic determination, and meanwhile the high concentration of nitrite stress (20mg/L) on the expression of tissue isozymes were also examined with polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis in order to explore the toxic mechanism of nitrite on aquatic crabs. The results showed that the activities of akaline protease, acid protease, lipase and amylase were all induced to some degree after exposure to lower concentrations of nitrite (0.15, 0.3mg/L). On day 7after exposure, all enzyme activities were still kept at high levels except the amylase activity was slightly lower than the control group. The activities of hepatopancreatic akaline protease, acid protease and lipase first increased rapidly, then following a dramatic decrease after exposure to moderate nitrite stress (2, 5, 10mg/L) for short time (0.5~1d). But higher concentration of nitrite stress (20mg/L), resulted in a significant inhibition of hepatopancreatic protease and amylase activities. On day 7after exposure, digestive enzyme activities showed a significantly negative correlation with increasing nitrite concentrations after the stress was over 2mg/L. The expression of α-amylase (α-AMY), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and peroxidase (POD) isozymes in gill, hepatopancreas, stomach, heart, ovum and sperm was significantly affected by high concentration of nitrite stress (20mg/L): isozyme activities declined or their expression bands reduced except that the muscle was induced to express MDH-2and MDH-4. The results indicated that high concentration of nitrite had a significant adverse effect on the digestive enzyme activities and the expression of tissue isozymes of C. japonica.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1645-1651 [Abstract] ( 277 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 450KB] ( 568 )
1652 Detection the four metal trace elements of Radix Angelicae Sinensis by capillary electrophoresis and health risk assessment
ZHOU Xiao-Teng, LU Heng, HOU Jing-Yi, WEI Ying-Qin, MENG Fan-Yun
The metal trace elements distribution characteristics of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and their evaluation of potential risk were studied based on the research of Geo-authentic Producing Areas in Gansu Province. In this study, the contents of Mn, Fe, Mo, Cu in Radix Angelicae Sinensis were detected by High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis simultaneously. Based on this, the human health risk assessment of Mn, Fe, Mo, Cu were investigated. The results show that the hazard index of 5sampling points exceed 1among the nine sampling areas, and Cu and Mo were the main elements which served as a hazard to the human health.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1652-1655 [Abstract] ( 249 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 334KB] ( 705 )
1656 Induction of vitellogenin gene expression in medaka exposed to glyphosate and potential molecular mechanism
XIA Shuang, ZHAO Yan-Bin, YANG Ming-Qi, HU Jian-Ying
To demonstrate the estrogenic activities of glyphosate and clarify the underlying molecular mechanism, 1~3days old Japanese medaka were exposed to 0.2, 2, 20, 200, 2000μg/L of glyphosate for 5weeks. Transcription levels of vitellogenin (VTG I) and enzyme genes involved in 17β-E2biosynthesis and metabolism were measured by Q-RT-PCR. While glyphosate markedly up-regulated VTG transcription levels in both female and male fish, the upward trend was inhibited at the high glyphosate concentrations (at 200μg/L and 2000μg/L for female, at 2000μg/L for male). The gender specific molecular mechanism was observed. In female fish, VTG induction would be due to the increase of transcription levels of FSH gene in brain and CYP19A gene in the gonad, and therefore enhancing the biosynthesis of 17β-E2. However in male fish, the inhibited CYP1A, CYP1B and CYP3A transcription levels which would inhibit 17β-E2metabolism would be the reasonable explanation.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1656-1663 [Abstract] ( 247 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 594KB] ( 540 )
1664 Occurrence, distribution and ecological risks of sulfonamides in the Qinzhou Bay, South China
XUE Bao-Ming, YANG Wei-Wei, WANG Ying-Hui, HUANG Wen-Yu, LI Ping-Yang, ZHANG Rui-Jie, HUANG Kui
Five antibiotics (including four sulfonamides and trimethoprim) in the Qinzhou Bay, South China, were analyzed using highperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Focus was on the levels and distribution of antibiotics pollution in the waters. Sulfamethoxazole, with concentrations up to 12ng/L, was the most frequently detected compound, following by TMP. In general, the contamination level was relatively low when compared with other areas. The average antibiotic concentrations from different sections of the bay decreased in the following order: Maowei Sea (8.4ng/L) > outer Qinzhou Bay (1.9ng/L) > Sanning Bay (1.4ng/L). The concentrations of antibiotics in the aquaculture area were higher those in other areas, indicating that aquaculture activities could contribute to the antibiotic residues in the environment. An ecological risk assessment revealed that sulfamethoxazole may present possible risk to the environment. Therefore, the long-term ecological effects caused by the continuous discharge of antibiotics in the Qinzhou Bay can not be ignored.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1664-1669 [Abstract] ( 275 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 438KB] ( 974 )
1670 Predicted non-effect concentrations for PFOS of environment in China.
ZHANG Ya-Hui, CAO Ying, ZHOU Teng-Yao, WANG Yi-Zhe, LIU Zheng-Tao
According to the EU technical guidance document on risk assessment for existing substances, the predicted non-effect concentration (PNEC) values of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) for the environmental mediums were devied with the toxicity data of the native species in China. The PNEC values for freshwater, sediment and soil were 1μg/L, 2.7μg/kg (wwt), 1μg/kg (wwt), respectively, which would provide the scientific foundation for risk assessment for PFOS in the ecological environment in China.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1670-1677 [Abstract] ( 271 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 453KB] ( 2178 )
1678 Environmental pressure index and assessment of atmospheric environmental situation in China
HU Bing-Qing, QIN Li-Ping, CHAI Fa-He, YI Peng
A new comprehensive index, environmental pressure index, calculated from pollutant emission amount, environmental quality standards, area of regions, GDP from regions or sections, is proposed to quantify the environmental pressure of pollutant emissions from region or industry. The atmospheric environmental pressure index has been analyzed based on data from National Bureau of Statistics of China and Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. The results show that the atmospheric environmental pressure of China exhibit significant variability among different regions, i.e., highest pressure exist in East China, followed by the central region, and the lowest pressure in the west, and industry is still the major reason causing the atmospheric environment pressure. High relevance exists between the atmospheric environmental pressure and the level of regional economic development. Further efforts should be done to coordinate the relationship between economic development and the atmospheric environment protection.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1678-1683 [Abstract] ( 261 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 576KB] ( 648 )
1684 Vehicle exhausts emission characteristics and contributions in Hangzhou district
LI Xin-Xing, SUN Guo-Jin, WANG Xiao-Wen, TIAN Wei-Li, ZHANG Qing-Yu, JIAO Li
Road test was carried out on four typical roads in Hangzhou district, including high way, express way, arterial and residential road. Then vehicular CO, HC, NOx and PM10 emission inventory was established based on the test. And the contribution from different vehicle types, fuel usage, emission standards and road types to the total vehicular emission was analyzed. Results showed that there were significant differences in the emission contributions among different vehicle types. Passenger car, taxi and bus were the major CO and HC contributors. Heavy truck and bus contribute most to NOx and PM10 emissions and passenger car was also the NOx main contributor. The NOx and PM10 contribution rates of diesel vehicle were greatly larger than its quantities contribution. Diesel vehicle was the major source of NOx and PM10 and gasoline vehicle was the major source of CO and HC as well. The Euro I and pre- Euro I vehicles make significantly contribution to total CO, HC, NOx and PM10 emission with the contribution rates were 66%, 65%, 58% and 82%, respectively; while its quantities contribution was about 30%. Vehicles on arterial road were the main source of CO, HC and NOx and account for about 66%, 65% and 64% to total vehicular emissions, respectively. Vehicles on residential road contribute about 55% vehicular PM10 emission and became the main source of vehicular PM10 emission.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1684-1689 [Abstract] ( 249 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 443KB] ( 772 )
1690 Based on the scenario analysis of Beijing motor vehicle emission control research
GUO Xiu-Rui, JI Mu-Se, LANG Jian-Lei, CHEN Dong-Sheng, CHENG Shui-Yuan
Effect of vehicular emission control measures in future years (2011~2020) was assessed based on the scenario analysis in Beijing. The conventional pollutants emissions of motor vehicle in three kinds of control measures scenarios in future years have been estimated, which compared with the Business-as-usual (BAU)scenario to calculate the emission reduction. The results indicated that although the Beijing motor vehicle population would have a certain growth, emission control measures would get significant effect. The elimination of high-emission vehicles achieved the largest reduction in all of single measures. The light-duty vehicle elimination can effectively reduce CO emission, and the contribution rate was 89.4%; Similarly, the heavy-duty vehicle elimination can reduce NOx, HC and PM10effectively,and the contribution rate would reach 65.5%, 55.8% and 93.4% respectively. The implementation of new emission standard for heavy-diesel vehicle also had obvious effect, and the four kinds of pollutants can reduce effectively. The effect of the integrated scenario considering all the control measures was remarkable, the reducing rate of CO, NOx, HC, PM10 were 46.4%, 42.1%, 8.6% and 50.6% respectively.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1690-1696 [Abstract] ( 276 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 559KB] ( 841 )
1697 Air pollutant reduction co-benefits of CDM in China
YAN Wen-Qi, GAO Li-Jie, REN Ji-Jiao, FENG Yin-Chang
In order to optimize the CDM development and co-control the air pollutants, the air pollutant reduction co-benefits of CDM were assessed. All registered projects of China (host country) in EB(executive board) were classified by category(zero emission renewable, biomass, waste gas recovery, fossil fuel switch, fugitive, cement, N2O and energy efficiency) and location(Central, East, Hainan, North, North East, North West and South) according to their annual reduction, total investment and cooperative emission reduction coefficient. Cooperative emission reduction and investment benefits of SO2, NOx and PM2.5 were calculated. The project types of fossil fuel switch, fugitive and energy efficiency showed high investment benefits of emission reduction, while the gains of wind and hydro power projects were low, generally. Biomass projects in Central and East China revealed higher income of reduction.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1697-1704 [Abstract] ( 219 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 900KB] ( 708 )
1705 Driving factors of carbon emissions from energy consumption in China-Based on LMDI-PDA method
FAN Dan
The DEA-Shephard distance function of energy input was taken into a seven-factor LMDI decomposition model, which was built of carbon emissions from the energy consumption of six major industries in China from 1995to 2010.The empirical results revealed that industrial structure, economic output, population size, and energy efficiency had a pulling effect on industrial carbon emissions from energy consumption, and the cumulative effect of economic output had the maximum contribution of 135%. The cumulative effects of industrial structure, population scale, and energy efficiency on carbon emissions were 10.74%, 9.39%, and 0.65% respectively. Energy intensity with a cumulative contribution of 54.6% has the largest potential to reduce carbon emissions, which meant industrial energy intensity had larger room for improvement, and the inhibitory effect was increasing; the cumulative contributions of energy structure and energy technological progress to China's carbon emissions reduction were 0.2% and 1.04%, they had weak contributions, so needed to be improved; In terms of the industrial carbon reduction, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, construction, wholesale and retail and catering industry and other industries had been better in reducing carbon emissions. Transportation, storage and postal industry had been lagging behind in carbon reduction. Industrial carbon emissions had always been the major source of carbon emissions in China.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1705-1713 [Abstract] ( 226 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 891KB] ( 824 )
1714 Spatial source apportionment analysis of target pollutant for sensitive area—A case study in Xin’anjiang River Basin for interprovincial assessment section
LI Xue, CAO Fang-Fang, CHEN Xian-Chun, WANG Zhao-Jun, WANG Yu-Qiu
SPARROW surface water-quality model was calibrated using measurements of total nitrogen from 60sites during 2009to 2010, pollutant sources data and land-surface and stream-channel characteristics in the Xin’anjiang River Basin. The results indicated that modeled TN concentration in 69 % reaches can match or overmatch the III-class water- quality criteria in the basin. Tracing the TN contributions from upper reaches to Jie-kou Site, which was interprovincial assessment section, point source, agricultural source and domestic source accounted for 7.41%, 57.52% and 35.07%, respectively, with different features in spatial contribution for each. This method can be set as an effective tool to provide technical support in the process of making pollution reduction measures for interprovincial assessment section.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1714-1720 [Abstract] ( 229 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1595KB] ( 1088 )
1721 A Linked EFDC-NN model for risk-based load reduction analysis of Lake Fuxian watershed
ZOU Rui, ZHANG Xiao-Ling, LIU Yong, ZHAO Lei, ZHU Xiang, YAN Xiao-Pin, YANG Ping-Jian
This study employed an approach linking the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model and a Neural Network (NN) model to conduct risk based TMDL analysis for Lake Fuxian in Southwestern China. The EFDC-NN system was developed based on a three-dimensional hydrodynamic-water quality model of the lake, and NN functional approximators of the EFDC model using the 30-day moving average concentration of target nutrients as predictors. The developed NN functional approximators were then applied to conduct risk based TMDL analysis. To reach the primary water quality standard with 100% probability, the TP and COD loadings from the watershed still had room for increase by 14%~18% and 9%~11% respectively, but TN must be reduced by 13%~14%. If the water quality compliance probability was relaxed by various levels, it was found that the load reduction requirement will be correspondingly relaxed such that in most cases further increase of watershed loadings are allowed. The results of this analysis provided decision makers with risk based load management requirement for guiding their management plan in this lake watershed.
2013 Vol. 33 (9): 1721-1727 [Abstract] ( 400 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 344KB] ( 825 )
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