In order to identify the emission reduction effects of vehicle pollution control policies for CO, HC, NO_x, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, a high-precision vehicle emission inventory of 2014 was established, and some policies which have been implemented in the past, existing policies, policies intended to be implemented in the future, and optimized policies were selected to set up 13policy scenarios in four categories, which were used to be compared with the business as usual scenario of actual emission inventory. The cost-benefit analysis was made on the policies in which subsidies were provided by the government. The most efficient emission reduction policy was eliminating low emission standard vehicles, and the upgrades of vehicle and fuel standards could also reduce emissions significantly. Government subsidy policies had obvious marginal effects. The marginal emission reduction benefit in Beijing was significantly lower than Hebei and Tianjin, while Beijing had the highest emission standard and the least heavy-pollution vehicles among the three regions. Hebei and Tianjin should adopt more stringent pollution control policies gradually as did in Beijing, and Beijing could transfer part of the inefficient government subsidies to Tianjin and Hebei so as to increase the emission reduction efficiency of government subsidy.