兰州生物质燃烧VOCs排放特征及其大气环境影响

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摘要

采用排放因子法建立了2016年兰州市生物质燃烧源挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放清单，并分析了污染物的时空排放特征，利用排放清单对生物质燃烧源的臭氧生成潜势（OFP）和二次有机气溶胶（SOA）生成潜势进行了估算，研究其排放对大气环境的影响.结果表明：2016年兰州市生物质燃烧源排放VOCs总量为6626.2t，排放高值区在榆中东南及东北部、永登中部和七里河南部，经济水平落后、秸秆产量大的地区污染物排放量更大.污染物排放集中在采暖季（11~3月）及农作物收割期（7~8月）；兰州市生物质燃烧源的OFP总量为13880.3t，煨炕为OFP贡献最大的子源，占比46.1%，含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）为OFP贡献最大的关键组分，占比51.4%；OFP贡献排名前10的物种有乙酸、丙烯、2-丁酮、甲苯、甲醛、乙醛、间/对-二甲苯、1-丁烯、丙酸和异戊二烯.煨炕是SOA生成潜势贡献最大的子源，占比46.5%，芳香烃为SOA生成潜势贡献最大的关键组分，占比62.2%，SOA生成潜势贡献排名前10的物种有苯酚、甲苯、α-蒎烯、间/对-二甲苯、苯、邻二甲苯、茚、1，2，4-三甲基苯、乙苯和1，2，3-三甲基苯；以降低区域O₃和SOA浓度为目标时，应优先管控煨炕和秸秆露天燃烧（玉米）两类子源.

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关键词 ：生物质燃烧, 挥发性有机物, 排放特征, 臭氧生成潜势, SOA生成潜势

Abstract：

The emission inventory of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) from biomass burning was established by using the emission factor approach in Lanzhou City in 2016. Besides, the temporal and spatial distribution of VOCs was analyzed. Then the ozone formation potential (OFP) and the secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation potential were estimated to assess the influence of VOCs emission from biomass burning on the atmospheric environment. The results showed that the total emissons of VOCs emitted by biomass burning was 6626.2t in Lanzhou City in 2016. The emission areas of high value were concentrated in the northeast and southeast of Yuzhong, central Yongdeng and south of Qilihe. The emission amounts were greater in regions with poor economic levels and large crop yields. Emissions were mainly concentrated in the heating season (November to March) and the harvest time of crops (July to August). The total OFP of biomass burning was 13880.3t in Lanzhou City in 2016. The smoldering Chinese kangs was the largest source of OFP contribution, accounting for 46.1%. Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) contributed the most to the OFP, accounting for 51.4%. The top 10OFP species were acetic acid, propylene, 2-butanone, toluene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, m/p-xylene, 1-butene, propionic acid and isoprene. The smoldering Chinese kangs was also the largest contributor to SOA, accounting for 46.5%. The aromatic hydrocarbons were the key components of SOA contribution, accounting for 62.2%. The top 10species of SOA formation potential were phenol, toluene, alpha-pinene, m/p-xylene, benzene, 1-xylene, indene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene. To reduce the concentrations of ozone and SOA in the region, smoldering Chinese kangs and crop residue burning (maize) should be given more attention.

Key words： biomass burning volatile organic compounds emission characteristics ozone formation potential SOA formation potential

收稿日期: 2018-06-08

PACS:

X511

基金资助:

干旱半干旱教育部重点实验室（兰州大学）中央高校基本科研业务费开放课题基金资助项目（lzujbky-2017-kb02）

通讯作者: 陈强,教授,chenqqh@lzu.edu.cn E-mail: chenqqh@lzu.edu.cn

作者简介: 郭文凯(1993-),男,甘肃文县人,兰州大学硕士研究生,主要从事大气环境化学研究.发表论文4篇.

引用本文:

郭文凯, 刘镇, 刘文博, 刘晓, 朱玉凡, 陈强. 兰州生物质燃烧VOCs排放特征及其大气环境影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(1): 40-49. GUO Wen-kai, LIU Zhen, LIU Wen-bo, LIU Xiao, ZHU Yu-fan, CHEN Qiang. The characteristics of VOCs emission from biomass burning and its influence on atmospheric environment in Lanzhou City. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(1): 40-49.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2019/V39/I1/40

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