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兰州北山不同植被土壤可培养微生物丰度变化特征及影响因素
刘旻霞, 蒋晓轩, 李全弟, 南笑宁, 夏素娟
中国环境科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6) : 2683-2691.
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PDF(401 KB)
兰州北山不同植被土壤可培养微生物丰度变化特征及影响因素
Characteristics and influencing factors of soils culturable microorganism abundance in different vegetation of Beishan, Lanzhou
以黄土高原中部的兰州北山为对象，通过野外取样和室内分析，动态监测黄土高原半干旱区两种人工林地生态系统的微生物类群分布规律.结果表明：试验区环境因子差异较大，林地土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮均高于荒地.全磷随植被类型变化差异不显著，随季节变化差异显著.土壤温度夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季，土壤容重与有机碳、全氮含量呈显著负相关.不同植被类型土壤微生物丰度四季变化趋势为：细菌 > 放线菌 > 真菌的分布规律.微生物类群总数整体表现为林地高于荒地.回归分析显示：土壤pH值与细菌数量、放线菌数量及微生物总数均呈显著正相关（P < 0.05），而与真菌呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）；土壤容重与真菌数量呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）；土壤温度与细菌、真菌及微生物总数均表现出显著正相关（P < 0.05）.通径分析表明，pH值对细菌数量的直接通径系数最大，容重对真菌数量的直接通径系数最大，土壤含水量对放线菌数量直接通径系数最大.研究显示，兰州北山植被恢复区土壤的有机碳、全氮、全磷等林地高于荒地，表明植被恢复对微生物的数量与种类有影响，且混交林的造林方式适宜兰州北植被恢复.
Based on field sampling and laboratory experiments, distribution of microbial groups in two kinds of artificial forest ecosystems in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau was dynamically monitored. The results showed that there were significant differences in environmental factors between forest and wasteland in Beishan, Lanzhou. The soil water content, organic carbon and total nitrogen of forest land were higher than those of wasteland. Total phosphorus had no significant difference with vegetation type, but had significant difference with seasons. Soil temperature in summer > autumn > spring > winter, soil bulk density was negatively correlated with organic carbon and total nitrogen content. The distribution patterns of soil microbial groups in different vegetation types were as follows: bacteria > actinomycetes > fungi. The total abundance of microbial groups was higher in forest than those of barren land. Regression analysis showed that pH was positively correlated with the abundance of bacteria, actinomycetes and microorganisms (P < 0.05), which was negatively correlated with fungi (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between soil bulk density and the abundance of fungi (P < 0.05). Soil temperature was positively correlated with bacteria, fungi and total number of microorganisms (P < 0.05). Path analysis showed that pH had the largest direct path to bacteria, bulk density had the largest direct path to fungi, and soil water content had the largest direct path to actinomycetes. The results showed that the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in vegetation restoration area were higher than those in the wasteland, which indicated that the number and species of microorganisms were affected by the vegetation restoration, and the afforestation mode of mixed forest was suitable for the vegetation restoration in the north of Lanzhou.
黄土高原 / 季节动态 / 林型 / 土壤理化性质 / 微生物数量
forest type / microbial quantity / seasonal dynamics / soil physical and chemical properties / The Loess Plateau
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