环境要素的环境收益、数量测算与受益归宿

马本; 刘侗一; 马中

PDF(683 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6) : 2964-2976.

环境影响评价与管理

环境要素的环境收益、数量测算与受益归宿

马本, 刘侗一, 马中

作者信息 +

Economic returns of environmental factors: environmental benefit, quantitative estimation and benefits incidence

MA Ben, LIU Tong-yi, MA Zhong

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为定量测算环境收益及其受益归宿，理解经济增长与环境保护的复杂耦合关系，匹配了中国工业企业数据库与环境统计数据库，用2011~2013年微观面板数据估计了企业治污成本函数，分介质、分行业加总得到了工业环境收益，采用受约束模型估计了其在企业利润、工资与税收间的分配.结果发现中国年度工业环境收益约9000亿元，是当年GDP和工业增加值的约2%与5%；高耗能行业占了环境收益的近70%.环境收益的最大受益方是企业职工，摄取了总额的约80%，政府是第二大获益方，进入企业利润的份额不足3%；环境收益贡献了企业工资的近25%，高耗能行业该比例达50%.环境要素的使用是增长的重要推动力，而工业的深度污染治理可能带来利益格局的不对称调整，对企业工资和就业产生重要影响，在绿色发展中应建立局部与整体、短期与长期利益的平衡机制.

Abstract

To estimate the environmental benefit and its distribution and understand the complex coupling links between economic growth and environmental protection, this paper estimated the cost models of pollution control process of industrial wastewater and waste gas based on a firm-level panel dataset from 2011 to 2013 by matching the Chinese industrial enterprise database and the environmental statistics database. The total environmental benefits of industries in China were obtained through estimation and aggregation by both sub-industry and pollutant. And then constrained regression model were employed to estimate the distribution of environmental benefits among corporate profits, employee wages and government taxes. We found that the total annual environmental benefits of China’s industry were nearly 900-billion-yuan, accounting for 2% and 5% of corresponding GDP and industrial added value, respectively. About 70% of total environmental benefits were generated by energy-intensive industries. In terms of benefit incidence, residents were proved to be primary beneficiaries who obtain about 80% of the total benefits. The government was the second largest beneficiary, while the share going into industrial profits was less than 3%. Nearly 25% of industrial wages came from environmental benefits and the figure reaches 50% for energy-intensive industries. The findings of this paper indicated that utilization of environmental resources was one of key drivers for economic growth, and more strict environmental regulation in industries might lead to asymmetric adjustment regarding benefit pattern with wage level and employment being the first to be affected. Accordingly, suggestions were proposed to establish interest balancing mechanism to coordinate partial interests with integral interests and short-term interests with long-term interests in the process of pursuing green development in China.

导出引用

马本, 刘侗一, 马中. 环境要素的环境收益、数量测算与受益归宿[J]. 中国环境科学. 2021, 41(6): 2964-2976

MA Ben, LIU Tong-yi, MA Zhong. Economic returns of environmental factors: environmental benefit, quantitative estimation and benefits incidence[J]. China Environmental Science. 2021, 41(6): 2964-2976

中图分类号： X196

参考文献

[1] 杨继生,徐娟.环境收益分配的不公平性及其转移机制[J]. 经济研究, 2016,51(1):155-167. Yang J S, Xu J. Inequality in the distribution of environmental benefit and its transfer mechanism[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2016, 51(1):155-167.
[2] 国家统计局,环境保护部.中国环境统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2016. National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China. China environment statistics yearbook[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2016.
[3] 孙瑞玲,于忠华,吴杰,等.区域大气污染虚拟治理成本核算及空间差异分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2018,32(1):56-61. Sun R L, Yu Z H, Wu J, et al. Virtual control cost accounting for regional air pollution and the spatial difference analysis[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2018,32(1):56-61.
[4] 卫永红.京津冀地区空气污染治理成本的测度与对策研究[D]. 天津:天津财经大学, 2016. Wei Y H. A study on measurement and countermeasures to the cost of air pollution control in beijing,tianjin and hebei[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, 2016.
[5] 杨建军,董小林,宋赪,等.区域水环境治理成本核算及分析[J]. 上海环境科学, 2011,30(1):41-46. Yang J J, Dong X L, Song Z, et al. Cost accounting and analysis of regional water environment rehabilitation[J]. Shanghai Environmental Sciences, 2011,30(1):41-46.
[6] 杨建军,董小林,张振文.城市大气环境治理成本核算及其总量、结构分析——以西安市为例[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2014,36(11):100-105. Yang J J, Dong X L, Zhang Z W. Atmospheric environmental treatment cost accounting and analysis of total amount and structure-a case study of xi'an city[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2014,36(11):100-105.
[7] Wang H. Pollution regulation and abatement efforts:evidence from China[J]. Ecological Economics, 2002,41(1):85-94.
[8] 彭菲,於方,马国霞,等."2+26"城市"散乱污"企业的社会经济效益和环境治理成本评估[J]. 环境科学研究, 2018,31(12):1993-1999. Peng F, Yu F, Ma G X, et al. Analysisof social-economic benefits and environmental pollution control costs of ‘dispersed, disrupted and polluted’ enterprises in the ‘2+26’ region[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2018,31(12):1993-1999.
[9] 雷林锐.西北地区环境污染价值量与经济发展关系研究[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2015. Lei L R. The research of the relationship between the economic development and the value of environmental pollution in the northwest region[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2015.
[10] 杨静.大气污染防治的减排成本及健康效益研究[D]. 南京:南京大学, 2019. Yang J. Research on emission reduction cost and health benefit of air pollution prevention and control[D]. Nanjing:NanJing University, 2019.
[11] 马中,昌敦虎,周芳.改革水环境保护政策告别环境红利时代[J]. 环境保护, 2014,42(4):22-25. Ma Z, Chang D H, Zhou F. Reforming water environmental protection policy and farewelling the era of environmental dividend[J]. Environmental Protection, 2014,42(4):22-25.
[12] 马中.中国应反思"环境红利"[N]. 北京科技报, 2014-12-29, (052). Ma Z. China should reflect on the "environmental dividend"[N]. Beijing Science and Technology News, 2014-12-29, (052).
[13] 涂正革,傅立权.SO₂排污权交易在中国的理论红利核算[J]. 中国地质大学学报(社会科学版), 2016,16(3):52-62. Tu Z G, Fu L Q. The theoretical dividend calculation of SO₂ emission rights trading in China[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences (Social Sciences Edition), 2016,16(3):52-62.
[14] 李娜.天津市环境污染损失成本核算与控制研究[D]. 天津:河北工业大学, 2006. Li N. The research on accounting and control of environmental pollution loss cost of Tianjin[D]. Tianjin:Hebei University of Technology, 2006.
[15] 闫家鹏.大气污染治理设施运行成本分析[J]. 黑龙江科技信息, 2009,(28):217. Yan J P. Analysis of operating cost of air pollution control facilities[J]. Scientific and Technological Innovation, 2009,(28):217.
[16] 杜娜,曹东,杨慧芬.工业企业大气污染治理费用函数的研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2007,7(6):1116-1118,1127. Du N, Cao D, Yang H F. Research on air pollution abatement cost function of industrial enterprise[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2007,7(6):1116-1118,1127.
[17] 孙宁,孙钰茹,侯贵光.中国水污染控制费用函数研究现状、问题与趋势[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2011,36(9):136-141. Sun N, Sun Y R, Hou G G. Research status, issues and trends of china's water pollution control cost function[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2011,36(9):136-141.
[18] Dasgupta S, Hua W, Wheeler D. Surviving success:policy reform and the future of industrial pollution in China[J]. Policy Research Working Paper, 1997:1-58.
[19] 国家环境保护总局,国家统计局.中国绿色国民经济核算研究报告2004[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2006. State Environmental Protection Administration of China, National Bureau of Statistics. China Green National Economic Accounting Research Report 2004[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2006.
[20] 环境保护部,国家统计局,农业部.第一次全国污染源普查公报[J]. 新华月报, 2010,(6):65-68. Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Bulletin of the first national survey of pollution sources[J]. Xinhua Monthly Bulletin, 2010,(6):65-68.
[21] Jan W G. Income distribution in models for developing countries:Kenya and Tanzania[J]. University of Oxford, 1979.
[22] Greene W. Econometric analysis[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press, 2001.
[23] Copeland B R, Taylor M S. Trade and the environment:theory and evidence[M]. Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press, 2003.
[24] 陈媛媛.行业环境管制对就业影响的经验研究:基于25个工业行业的实证分析[J]. 当代经济科学, 2011,33(3):67-73,126. Chen Y Y. Effect of industrial environmental regulations on employment:empirical research on 25 industries[J]. Modern Economic Science, 2011, 33(3):67-73,126.
[25] 秦昌波,葛察忠,刘倩倩,等.中国煤炭环境成本内部化的经济影响分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(2):745-754. Qin C B, Ge C Z, Liu Q Q, et al. Economic impacts of environmental cost internalization of coal in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(2):745-754.
[26] Liu M, Shadbegian R, Zhang B. Does environmental regulation affect labor demand in China? evidence from the textile printing and dyeing industry[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2017,86(C):277-294.
[27] 秦明,齐晔.环境规制的收入分配效应研究[J]. 经济与管理研究, 2019,40(11):70-81. Qin Ming, Qi Ye. Research on income distribution effect of environmental regulation[J]. Research on Economics and Managemen, 2019,40(11):70-81.
[28] 陈诗一,刘朝良,冯博.资本配置效率、城市规模分布与福利分析[J]. 经济研究, 2019,54(2):135-149. Chen S Y, Liu C L, Feng B. Capital allocation efficiency, city-size distribution and social welfare analysis[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2019,54(2):135-149.
[29] 彭可茂,席利卿,雷玉桃.中国工业的污染避难所区域效应——基于2002~2012年工业总体与特定产业的测度与验证[J]. 中国工业经济, 2013,(10):44-56. Peng K M, Xi L Q, Lei Y T. Pollution haven regional effect of china industry-measurement and verification based on overall industry and specific industries in 2002~2012[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2013,(10):44-56.
[30] 李媛,张同斌,亓彭飞.地方环境约束目标对经济增长的影响效应[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(10):4617-4630. Li Y, Zhang T B, Qi P F. Research on the impact of the local government's environmental protection constraint target on economic growth[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(10):4617-4630.