Box-Behnken设计优化制备高比表面积柚皮基生物炭及其亚甲基蓝吸附机理

宋永伟; 罗浩伟; 杨俊; 郭泽浩; 王鹤茹; 申祖武

PDF(1333 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12) : 6363-6373.

水污染与控制

Box-Behnken设计优化制备高比表面积柚皮基生物炭及其亚甲基蓝吸附机理

宋永伟^1,2, 罗浩伟¹, 杨俊^1,2, 郭泽浩¹, 王鹤茹³, 申祖武⁴

作者信息 +

Optimized preparation of high specific surface area pomelo peel-based biochar by Box-Behnken design and its methylene blue adsorption mechanism

SONG Yong-wei^1,2, LUO Hao-wei¹, YANG Jun^1,2, GUO Ze-hao¹, WANG He-ru³, SHEN Zu-wu⁴

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

以柚子皮为非传统前驱体,采用ZnCl₂一步炭化-活化法制备柚皮基生物炭(PPBC).通过Box-Behnken设计(BBD)研究了活化温度(x₁)、浸渍比(x₂)、活化时间(x₃)三个关键制备变量对PPBC亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响.结果表明,影响亚甲基蓝吸附值的单因素显著性为x₃> x₁ > x₂,交互项显著性为x₁x₃> x₂x₃(x₁x₂项影响不显著).在活化温度924℃、浸渍比4、活化时间133min的最佳制备条件下,模型预测的亚甲基蓝最大吸附值为216.80mg/g,实验值为215.69mg/g(超过国家木质净水用活性炭一级品标准135mg/g),两者吻合程度较好,说明构建的响应面模型可以很好地优化PPBC制备工艺.此外,利用BET、SEM、FTIR等分析了最佳条件下制备PPBC的理化性质并探究了其对亚甲基蓝的吸附机理.PPBC表面含有丰富且不均匀的纳米级孔隙,比表面积高达1222.40m²/g,其对亚甲基蓝的吸附主要通过孔隙填充、静电作用、π-π堆积相互作用及氢键的协同作用.PPBC具有作为生物质吸附剂处理亚甲基蓝染料废水的潜力.

Abstract

Pomelo peel was used as a non-traditional precursor to prepare pomelo peel-based biochar (PPBC) by one-step carbonization-activation method. The effect of three crucial preparation variables, activation temperature (x₁), impregnation ratio (x₂), and activation time (x₃), on the methylene blue adsorption value was investigated by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The results showed that the significance of the single factor affecting the methylene blue adsorption value was x₃ > x₁ > x₂, and the interactive item was x₁x₃> x₂x₃ (the x₁x₂ item was not significant). Under the optimum preparation conditions of activation temperature of 924°C, impregnation ratio of 4 and activation time of 133 min, the maximum methylene blue adsorption value predicted by the model was 216.80 mg/g, and that of the experimental value was 215.69 mg/g. Both of them were in good agreement with each other, which indicated that the constructed response surface model could optimize the preparation process of PPBC very well. In addition, the physicochemical properties of PPBC prepared under optimal conditions were analyzed by BET, SEM, and FTIR, and the adsorption mechanisms of methylene blue were investigated. The surface of PPBC contained abundant and heterogeneous pores with a specific surface area as high as 1222.40m²/g, and its adsorption of methylene blue was mainly through the synergistic effects of pore filling, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking interaction, and hydrogen bonding. PPBC has the potential as a biosorbent for the treatment of methylene blue dye wastewater.

导出引用

宋永伟, 罗浩伟, 杨俊, 郭泽浩, 王鹤茹, 申祖武. Box-Behnken设计优化制备高比表面积柚皮基生物炭及其亚甲基蓝吸附机理[J]. 中国环境科学. 2023, 43(12): 6363-6373

SONG Yong-wei, LUO Hao-wei, YANG Jun, GUO Ze-hao, WANG He-ru, SHEN Zu-wu. Optimized preparation of high specific surface area pomelo peel-based biochar by Box-Behnken design and its methylene blue adsorption mechanism[J]. China Environmental Science. 2023, 43(12): 6363-6373

中图分类号： X703

参考文献

[1] Charola S, Patel H, Chandna S, et al. Optimization to prepare porous carbon from mustard husk using response surface methodology adopted with central composite design[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019,223:969-979.
[2] Karimifard S, Moghaddam M R A. Application of response surface methodology in physicochemical removal of dyes from wastewater: a critical review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,640:772-797.
[3] 班飒,朱浩,王童,等.双Z型MIL-88A(Fe)/Ag₃PO₄/AgI光芬顿催化剂对染料的去除[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022,42(7):3164-3173. Ban S, Zhu H, Wang T, et al. Study on dye removal by dual Z-Scheme MIL-88A (Fe)/Ag₃PO₄/AgI photo-Fenton catalyst[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022,42(7):3164-3173.
[4] Ayalew A A, Aragaw T A. Utilization of treated coffee husk as low-cost bio-sorbent for adsorption of methylene blue[J]. Adsorption Science & Technology, 2020,38(5/6):205-222.
[5] 赵联芳,于雪晴,路宗仁,等.FeS对CW-MFC系统降解活性艳红X-3B效果及过程的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022,42(7):3093-3102. Zhao L F, Yu X Q, Lu Z R, et al. Effect of FeS on reactive brilliant red X-3B removal effect and degradation process in CW-MFC system[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022,42(7):3093-3102.
[6] Ahmad M A, Alrozi R. Optimization of preparation conditions for mangosteen peel-based activated carbons for the removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue R using response surface methodology[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010,165(3):883-890.
[7] Nguyen T A, Juang R S. Treatment of waters and wastewaters containing sulfur dyes: A review[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013,219:109-117.
[8] Vakili A, Zinatizadeh A A, Rahimi Z, et al. The impact of activation temperature and time on the characteristics and performance of agricultural waste-based activated carbons for removing dye and residual COD from wastewater[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023,382:134899.
[9] 万刘静,张利.柚子皮多糖体外消化抗氧化活性的变化规律[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2021,42(11):82-88. Wan L J, Zhang L. Study on the change in antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from pomelo peel during in vitro digestion[J]. Food Research and Development, 2021,42(11):82-88.
[10] Tocmo R, Pena-Fronteras J, Calumba K F, et al. Valorization of pomelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) peel: A review of current utilization, phytochemistry, bioactivities, and mechanisms of action[J]. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2020,19(4): 1969-2012.
[11] Liu Z, Yang Q, Cao L, et al. Synthesis and application of porous carbon nanomaterials from pomelo peels: A review[J]. Molecules, 2023,28(11):4429.
[12] Nguyen T, Truong Q, Chen C, et al. Mesoporous and adsorption behavior of algal biochar prepared via sequential hydrothermal carbonization and ZnCl₂activation[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2021: 126351.
[13] Kacan E. Optimum BET surface areas for activated carbon produced from textile sewage sludges and its application as dye removal[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2016,166:116-123.
[14] Danish M, Khanday W A, Hashim R, et al. Application of optimized large surface area date stone (Phoenix dactylifera) activated carbon for rhodamin B removal from aqueous solution: Box-Behnken design approach[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017,139: 280-290.
[15] Zubrik A, Matik M, Hredzák S, et al. Preparation of chemically activated carbon from waste biomass by single-stage and two-stage pyrolysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017,143:643-653.
[16] Shi S L, Lv J P, Liu Q, et al. Optimized preparation of Phragmites australis activated carbon using the Box-Behnken method and desirability function to remove hydroquinone[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018,165:411-422.
[17] Das S, Mishra S. Box-Behnken statistical design to optimize preparation of activated carbon from Limonia acidissima shell with desirability approach[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2017,5(1):588-600.
[18] GB/T 12496.10-1999木质活性炭试验方法亚甲基蓝吸附值的测定[S]. GB/T 12496.10-1999 Test methods of wooden activated carbon—Determination of methylene blue adsorption[S].
[19] Partlan E, Davis K, Ren Y, et al. Effect of bead milling on chemical and physical characteristics of activated carbons pulverized to superfine sizes[J]. Water Research, 2016,89:161-170.
[20] Azmi N B, Bashir M J K, Sethupathi S, et al. Stabilized landfill leachate treatment by sugarcane bagasse derived activated carbon for removal of color, COD and NH₃-N-optimization of preparation conditions by RSM[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2015,3(2):1287-1294.
[21] Ab Ghani Z, Yusoff M S, Zaman N Q, et al. Optimization of preparation conditions for activated carbon from banana pseudo-stem using response surface methodology on removal of color and COD from landfill leachate[J]. Waste Management, 2017,62:177-187.
[22] Muralidhar R V, Chirumamila R R, Marchant R, et al. A response surface approach for the comparison of lipase production by Candida cylindracea using two different carbon sources[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2001,9(1):17-23.
[23] Hu J, Shen D, Wu S, et al. Insight into the effect of ZnCl₂on analytical pyrolysis behavior of cellulolytic enzyme corn stover lignin[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2017,127:444-450.
[24] Yang T, Lua A C. Textural and chemical properties of zinc chloride activated carbons prepared from pistachio-nut shells[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2006,100(2/3):438-444.
[25] Yuan Z, Xu Z, Zhang D, et al. Box-Behnken design approach towards optimization of activated carbon synthesized by co-pyrolysis of waste polyester textiles and MgCl₂[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2018,427: 340-348.
[26] Saka C. BET, TG-DTG, FT-IR, SEM, iodine number analysis and preparation of activated carbon from acorn shell by chemical activation with ZnCl₂[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2012,95:21-24.
[27] Meng L Y, Park S J. Effect of ZnCl₂ activation on CO₂ adsorption of N-doped nanoporous carbons from polypyrrole[J]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2014,218:90-94.
[28] 邵俊,桑蓉栎,孟丽聪,等.ZnCl₂活化废弃咖啡渣制备活性炭的工艺研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2020,43(3):123-130. Shao J, Sang R L, Meng L C, et al. Preparation of activated carbon from waste coffee grounds with zinc chloride[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,43(3):123-130.
[29] Park J H, Wang J J, Meng Y, et al. Adsorption/desorption behavior of cationic and anionic dyes by biochars prepared at normal and high pyrolysis temperatures[J]. Colloids & Surfaces A Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, 2019,572:274-282.
[30] Gao Y, Yue Q Y, Sun Y Y, et al. Optimization of high surface area activated carbon production from Enteromorpha prolifra with low-dose activating agent[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2015,132: 180-187.
[31] Angın D, Altintig E, Köse T E. Influence of process parameters onthe surface and chemical properties of activated carbon obtained from biochar by chemical activation[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 148:542-549.
[32] Zhang W, Liu M, Zhao Y, et al. Facile preparation of porous carbon derived from pomelo peel for efficient adsorption of methylene blue[J]. Molecules, 2022,27(10):3096.
[33] 庞月红,刘娟,孙梦梦,等.柚子皮生物活性炭的制备及对有机染料和气态甲醛的吸附研究[J]. 食品工业科技, 2018,39(20):24-29. Pang Y H, Liu J, Sun M M, et al. Preparation of biomass activated carbon from pomelo peel and its adsorption of textile dye and formaldehyde[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2018, 39(20):24-29.
[34] Tran H N, Tomul F, Ha N T H, et al. Innovative spherical biochar for pharmaceutical removal from water: Insight into adsorption mechanism[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020,394:122255.
[35] 樊相汝,羊依金,郭旭晶,等.软锰矿-含油污泥基活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性[J]. 化工进展, 2022,41(12):6664-6671. Fan X R, Yang Y J, Guo X J, et al. Study on the adsorption characteristics of methylene blue by soft manganese ore-oil sludge- based activated carbon[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022,41(12):6664-6671.
[36] Yang T, Lua A C. Textural and chemical properties of zinc chloride activated carbons prepared from pistachio-nut shells[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2006,100(2/3):438-444.
[37] Foo K Y, Hameed B H. Microwave assisted preparation of activated carbon from pomelo skin for the removal of anionic and cationic dyes[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011,173(2):385-390.
[38] Li J, Liu W, Xiao D, et al. Oxygen-rich hierarchical porous carbon made from pomelo peel fiber as electrode material for supercapacitor[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2017,416:918-924.
[39] 杨可,李海红,夏禹周,等.辣椒秸秆生物质活性炭的制备及其性能表征[J]. 材料科学与工程学报, 2019,37(1):138-143. Yang K, Li H H, Xia Y Z, et al. Preparation and characterization of biomass activated carbon from pepper straw[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2019,37(1):138-143.
[40] Dao M U, Le H S, Hoang H Y, et al. Natural core-shell structure activated carbon beads derived from Litsea glutinosa seeds for removal of methylene blue: Facile preparation, characterization, and adsorption properties[J]. Environmental Research, 2021,198:110481.
[41] 邢献军,罗甜,卜玉蒸,等.H₃PO₄活化核桃壳制备活性炭及在Cr(Ⅵ)吸附中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023,42(3):1527-1539. Xing X J, Luo T, Bu Y Z, et al. Preparation of biochar from walnut shells activated by H₃PO₄and its application in Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023,42(3):1527-1539.
[42] Liu Y, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Characterization of bio-char from pyrolysis of wheat straw and its evaluation on methylene blue adsorption[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2012,46(1-3):115-123.
[43] Zhao H, Zhong H, Jiang Y, et al. Porous ZnCl₂-activated carbon from shaddock peel: methylene blue adsorption behavior[J]. Materials, 2022,15(3):895.
[44] Nourmoradi H, Ghiasvand A R, Noorimotlagh Z. Removal of methylene blue and acid orange 7from aqueous solutions by activated carbon coated with zinc oxide(ZnO) nanoparticles: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic study[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2015,55(1):252-262.
[45] Liu Q S, Zheng T, Wang P, et al. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from bamboo by microwave-induced phosphoric acid activation[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2010,31(2):233-238.
[46] 姜侠,王冠,刘振华,等.改性活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能及机理[J]. 水处理技术, 2020,46(6):76-82. Jiang X, Wang G, Liu Z H, et al. Adsorption performance and mechanism of methylene blue by the modified activated carbon[J]. Technology of Water Treatment, 2020,46(6):76-82.
[47] 韦泽华,李海红,吴丹萍,等.柠檬酸改性的辣椒秆活性炭及其吸附特性[J]. 化学工程, 2023,51(2):24-29. Wei Z H, Li H H, Wu D P, et al. Modified activated carbon from capsicum straw with citric acid and its adsorption characteristics[J]. Chemical Engineering, 2023,51(2):24-29.
[48] Sun R Q, Sun L B, Yuan C, et al. Catalytic performance of porous carbons obtained by chemical activation[J]. Carbon, 2008,46(13): 1757-1764.
[49] Tang X, Ran G, Li J, et al. Extremely efficient and rapidly adsorb methylene blue using porous adsorbent prepared from waste paper: Kinetics and equilibrium studies[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021,402:123579.
[50] Liu F F, Zhao J, Wang S, et al. Adsorption of sulfonamides on reduced graphene oxides as affected by pH and dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016,210:85-93.
[51] Parker H L, Hunt A J, Budarin V L, et al. The importance of being porous: polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials for use in dye adsorption[J]. RSC Advances, 2012,2(24):8992-8997