为探讨乌鲁木齐市河马泉新区土壤微生物多样性及其影响因素,采集该新区不同方位土壤样品进行理化特性、宏基因组学和环境因子冗余分析.结果表明,土壤的理化特性为盐碱化、贫瘠化和重度干旱,城建过程不同程度改变了土壤理化特性,并影响了土壤微生物多样性,其中人工造林和土建工程等对细菌和真菌的多样性影响较大.门水平的优势细菌包括拟杆菌(56%~8%)、放线菌(32%~14%)、变形菌(22%~10%),优势真菌包括子囊菌(82%~30%)和担子菌(41%~2%)和;属水平的优势细菌包括RB41、Pontibacter、芽孢杆菌、水黏结杆菌、亚硝化球菌、南极黄杆菌等;优势真菌属包括镰刀菌、鬼伞菌、赤霉菌、枝孢菌和交链孢霉菌等;上述优势菌群在土壤中发挥了适应干旱盐碱等逆境、降解难溶性物质和参与化学循环等作用.研究还注释到多种土壤中不常见的菌群,细菌包括南极黄杆菌和粉色科工委菌等,真菌包括碘光盘菌和新凸轮孢菌等,这些菌群与新区环境和土壤特性相关.不同样品中古菌的群落结构趋同,泉古菌门(99%~45%)的相对丰度均为最高,该门所属氨氧化古菌的相对丰度较高,其在贫瘠土壤的氮、碳循环中潜在重要作用.各理化因子不同程度地影响了微生物群落结构,其中尤以含水量、pH值、速效氮、全磷和电导率的影响较大,变形菌、酸杆菌、厚壁菌、被孢霉菌、泉古菌、热原菌、广古菌等优势物种均受到显著影响.综上,理化因子和城市扩建影响了河马泉新区土壤微生物多样性,研究为新区土壤质量评价、土地开发和生态保护提供了科学依据.
Abstract
To examine the diversity and influencing factors of the soil microbial community in Hemaquan New District in Urumqi, the soil samples from different directions of the district were collected for physicochemical properties, metagenomics and environmental factor redundancy analysis. The results showed that the soil was salinization, barren and severe drought, the process of urban construction changed the physicochemical properties in different degrees and also affected the microbial diversity of the soil, in which afforestation and civil engineering had a greater impact on the diversity of bacteria and fungi. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes(56%~8%), Actinobacteriota(32%~14%), Proteobacteria(22%~10%) were the dominant bacteria, and Ascomycota(82%~30%) and Basidiomycota(41%~2%) were the dominant fungi. At the genus level, RB41, Pontibacter, Bacillus, Adhaeribacter, Nitrososphaeraceae and Antarcticibacterium were the dominant bacteria, and Fusarium, Coprinus, Gibberella, Cladosporium and Alternaria were the dominant fungi. The above dominant flora played a role in adapting to drought, salt and alkali, degrading insoluble substances and participating in chemical cycles in soil. A variety of unusual flora in soil was annotated, including bacteria such as Antarcticibacterium and Cesiribacter, and fungi such as Iodophanus and Neocamarosporiu, which were related to the environment and soil characteristics of the district. The archaeal community structure in different soil samples was similar, and the relative abundance of Crenarchaeota(99%~45%) was the highest, the relative abundance of the Ammonia-oxidizing archaea belonging to Crenarchaeota was high, which had a potentially important role in the nitrogen and carbon cycle of the barren soil. The physicochemical factors affected the microbial community structure in different degrees, especially water content, pH, available nitrogen, total phosphorus and electric conductivity. The dominant species such as Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Firmicutes, Mortierellomycota, Crenarchaeota, Thermoplasmatota, and Euryarchaeota were significantly affected. In conclusion, the physicochemical factors and urban expansion affected the soil microbial diversity in Hemaquan New District, and the study provided a scientific basis for soil quality assessment, land development and ecological protection in the district.
关键词
城市建设 /
宏基因组学 /
理化因子 /
冗余分析 /
土壤微生物
Key words
metagenomics /
physicochemical factor /
redundancy analysis /
soil microflora /
urban construction
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基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41761096)
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