Abstract:The distribution of synthetic musks in 36 sludge samples, which from 12 wastewater treatment plants in Shanghai in April, July and October, 2008, were analyzed. HHCB and AHTN were the dominant fragrances, whose concentrations ranged from 198mg/kg to 4828mg/kg (median: 1491mg/kg) and from 89mg/kg to 1455mg/kg (median: 702mg/kg) dry weight, respectively. The major sources of HHCB and AHTN were the household products in which high level of musks was added and rinsed immediately after use, including shampoos, body washes and laundry detergents. The three household products contributed over 90% of total amounts of HHCB and AHTN. Base on the HHCB and AHTN concentrations in household products, it was estimated that each inhabitant in Shanghai contributed 0.33 g HHCB/a and 0.06 g AHTN/a, which were 2- to 10-fold lower than those in Europe and U.S.. The maximum concentrations and risk quotients (RQ) of HHCB and AHTN in the effluents were estimated,the results suggested that the chemicals pose low potential risks to aquatic organisms.