Abstract:To study the pollution characteristics, sources and human health risks of toxic heavy metals in PM2.5 in Chengdu, the samples were collected from April 2009 to January 2010, in which 20 elements were analyzed by the XRF. The Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geo-accumulation Index methods were used to investigate the pollution levels of 7 toxic heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sb); the correlation analysis (CA) was applied to study their sources; the health risk assessment model of US EPA was exploited. The results indicated that the concentrations of toxic heavy metals in PM2.5 were at a high level as follows: As (40.5±30.3), Cd (9.5±13.2), Cr (17.9±10.5), Mn (137.6±84.3), Ni (5.1±4.1), Pb (320.5±186.0) and Sb (11.0±16.0) ng/m3. The concentrations of As in all samples significantly exceeded the 6.0 ng/m3 standard. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in some samples also exceeded the 5.0 ng/m3 and 500.0 ng/m3 standards. Most of the elements reached their highest concentrations in winter and lowest in summer. It was demonstrated that the enrichment factors of Cr, Mn, Ni were lower than those of As, Cd, Pb, Sb indicating moderate pollution. The sources of toxic heavy metals in PM2.5 included soil dust, vehicle emission and coal combustion, metallurgy and machinery manufacturing and brake wear. Mn was found to cause highly non-cancer risks to children and adults which values were estimated as 6.01, 2.59 and 2.46, respectively. The non-cancer risks of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb were less than 1, indicating relatively small impacts. The high pollution levels of As, Cr were found to be with cancer-risks.
李友平, 刘慧芳, 周洪, 范忠雨, 张智胜, 邹长武. 成都市PM2.5中有毒重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015, 35(7): 2225-2232.
LI You-Ping, LIU Hui-Fang, ZHOU Hong, FAN Zhong-Yu, ZHANG Zhi-Sheng, ZOU Chang-Wu. Contamination characteristics and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in PM2.5 in Chengdu. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2015, 35(7): 2225-2232.