1. Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou 510308, China;
2. Institute of Technology on Atmospheric Environmental Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
3. HeXin Mass Spectrometry Guangzhou 510530, China;
4. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to analyze the single particle characteristics of aerosols in Heshan, in December 2012. Two typical pollution processes were captured during the sampling period. The fine particles were dominated by elemental carbon (EC), which accounted for 56.8% of total particles. Organic carbon (OC) and heavy metal (HM) accounted for 12.7% and 10.1% of sampled particles, respectively. Different particle types showed different temporal profiles during the two pollution processes, indicating the characteristics of the two processes were different. The source apportionment results showed that the most important PM2.5 sources in this region were vehicle emission and coal combustion, accounting for 24.8% and 22% of PM2.5, respectively. Industry emission and biomass burning were also important, contributing 16.4% and 10.3% to total PM2.5 particles, respectively. During the first pollution process, industry emission was the most important source, and the contribution of coal combustion and secondary inorganic aerosol were found to be increasing with PM2.5 concentration, implying that primary emission as well as enhanced secondary photochemical reaction played important roles in the increasing of PM2.5 concentration. However, vehicle emission was the most important source during the secondary pollution process, and the proportion of each source was stable during the whole pollution process, indicating this process was induced by the accumulation of pollutants under unfavorable meteorological conditions.
Huang X F, Sun T L, Zeng L W, et al. Black carbon aerosol characterization in a coastal city in South China using a single particle soot photometer[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2012,51: 21-28.
Li L, Huang Z, Dong J, et al. Real time bipolar time-of-flight mass spectrometer for analyzing single aerosol particles[J]. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2011,303(2):118-124.
Song X H, Hopke P K, Fergenson D P, et al. Classification of single particles analyzed by ATOFMS using an artificial neural network, ART-2a[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1999,71:860-865.
Spencer M T, Prather K A. Using ATOFMS to determine OC/EC mass fractions in particles[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2006,40(8):585-594.
[16]
Hudson P K, Murphy D M, Cziczo D J, et al. Biomass-burning particle measurements: Characteristic composition and chemical processing[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984-2012), 2004,109(D23):2890-2898.
[17]
Schauer J J, Kleeman M J, Cass G R, et al. Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 3. C1-C29organic compounds from fireplace combustion of wood[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2001,35(9):1716-1728.
[18]
Bi X H, Zhang G H, Li L, et al. 2011. Mixing state of biomass burning particles by single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in the urban area of PRD, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011,45(20):3447-3453.
[19]
Bein K J, Zhao Y, Johnston M V, et al. Interactions between boreal wildfire and urban emissions[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984-2012), 2008,113(D7):1829-1836.
[20]
Silva P J, Prather K A. Interpretation of mass spectra from organic compounds in aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2000,72(15):3553-3562.
[21]
Dall'Osto M, Beddows D, Kinnersley R P, et al. Characterization of individual airborne particles by using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry at Mace Head, Ireland[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984-2012), 2004, 109(D21).
[22]
Dall'Osto M, Harrison R M. Chemical characterization of single airborne particles in Athens (Greece) by ATOFMS[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2006,40(39):7614-7631.
[23]
Moffet R C, de Foy B, Molina L T, et al. Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2008,8(16): 4499-4516.
[24]
Zhang X Y, Gong S L, Arimoto R, et al. Characterization and temporal variation of Asian dust aerosol from a site in the northern Chinese deserts[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2003,44(3):241-257.
