The impacts of different nitrogen forms (NO3-, NO2- and NH4+) on the photodegradation of KET were investigated under Xe lamp irradiation. The direct photolysis solar quantum yield of KET was observed to be 0.14. Increasing the concentration of NO3-from 0.01mmol/L to 1.0mmol/L, the apparent rate constants of KET were decreased from 0.0109 to 0.0085. The apparent rate constants of KET decreased from 0.0095 to 0.0069when the concentration of NO2- increased from 0.01mmol/L to 1.0mmol/L. NH4+ had no influence on KET photolysis. The screening effect of NO3- was the major factor on KET photolysis while NO2- inhibited photolysis via both attenuating light and quenching ×OH. Photodegradation of KET was also investigated under different pE values. The photodegradation rate of KET decreased at first, then it increased with the increasing pE values. The antagonistic effect existed on the photodegradation of KET when NO2- coexisted with NH4+. And it also existed when NO2- coexisted with NO3- on the photodegradation of KET.
邓芠, 刘国光, 吕文英, 陈平, 王枫亮, 潘夏玲, 张利朋, 马京帅, 林晓璇. 水中无机氮形态变化对酮洛芬光降解的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(5): 1456-1462.
DENG Wen, LIU Guo-guang, LV Wen-ying, CHEN Ping, WANG Feng-liang, PAN Xia-ling, ZHANG Li-peng, MA Jing-shuai, LIN Xiao-xuan. Photodegradation of ketoprofen in aquatic environment: Effect of different forms of nitrogen. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2016, 36(5): 1456-1462.
Heberer T. Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data [J]. Toxicol. Lett., 2002,131:5-17.
[2]
Boxall A B A, Kolpin D W, Halling-Sorensen B, et al. Peer reviewed: Areveterinary medicines causing environmental risks? [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2003,37:286A-294A.
[3]
Ashton D, Hilton M, Thomas K V. Investigating the environmental transport of human pharmaceuticals to streams in the United Kingdom [J]. Sci. Total Environ., 2004,333:167-184.
[4]
Bendz D, Paxéus N A, Ginn T R, et al. Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, a case study: Höje River in Sweden [J]. Hazard. Mater., 2005,122:195-204.
[5]
Santos L H M L M, Araújo A N, Fachini A, et al. Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment [J]. Hazard. Mater., 2010,175:45-95.
[6]
Dsikowitzky L, Schwarzbauer J, Littke R. Distribution of polycyclic musks inwater and particulate matter of the Lippe River (Germany) [J]. Org. Geochem., 2002,33:1747-1758.
[7]
Daughton C G, Ternes T A. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change? [J]. Environ. Health Perspect, 1999,107:907-938.
[8]
Monteiro S C, Boxall A B A. Factors affecting the degradation of pharmaceuticals in agricultural soils [J]. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 2009,28:2546-2554.
[9]
Peck A. Analytical methods for the determination of persistent ingredients of personal care products in environmental matrices [J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2006,386:907-939.
[10]
Brain R A, Ramirez A J, Fulton B A, et al, Herbicidal effects of sulfamethoxazole in Lemna gibba: using p-aminobenzoic acid as abiomarker of effect [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008,42:8965-8970.
[11]
Daughton C G. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: overarching issues and overview, in: Pharmaceuticals and Care Products in the Environment [M]. American Chemical Society, 2001:2-38.
[12]
Mackay D, Barnthouse L. Integrated risk assessment of household chemicalsand consumer products: addressing concerns about triclosan [J]. Integr. Environ.Assess. Manag., 2010,6:390-392.
[13]
Nakata H. Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in marine mammalsand sharks from Japanese coastal waters [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005,39:3430-3434.
[14]
Kannan K, Reiner J L, Yun S H, Perrotta E E, et al. Polycyclic musk compounds in higher trophic level aquatic organismsand humans from the United States [J]. Chemosphere, 2005,61:693-700.
[15]
Daughton C. Pharmaceuticals in the environment: Sources and their management, in: M. Petrovic, D. Barcelo (Eds.), Analysis, Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in the Water Cycle [J]. Elservier Science, 2007,50:1-58.
[16]
Duan Yan-Ping, Meng Xiang-Zhou, Wen Zhi-Hao, et al. Acidic pharmaceuticals in domestic waste water and receiving water from hyper-urbanization city of China (Shanghai): environmental release and ecological risk [J]. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2013, 20:108-116.
[17]
Nakada N, Tanishima T, Shinohara H, et al. Pharmaceutical chemicals and endocrine disrupters in municipal wastewater in Tokyo and their removal during activated sludge treatment [J]. Water Research, 2006,40(17):3297-3303.
[18]
Santos J L, Aparicio I, Alonso E. Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds in wastewater treatment plants A case study: Seville city (Spain). [J]. Environment International, 2007,33(4):596-601.
[19]
Lindqvist N, Tuhkanen T, Kronberg L. Occurrence of acidic pharmaceuticals in raw and treated sewages and in receiving waters [J]. Water Research, 2005,39(11):2219-2228.
[20]
Cao J, Shi J, Han R, et al. Seasonal variations in the occurrence and distribution of estrogens and pharmaceuticals in the Zhangweinanyun River System [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010,55(27):3138-3144.
Robinson P F, Liu Q T, Riddle A M, et al. Modeling the impact of direct phototransformation on predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of propranolol hydrochloride in UK and US rivers [J]. Chemosphere, 2007,66(4):757-766.
Zhang Nan, Liu Guo-guang, Liu Hai-jin, et al. Diclofenac photodegradation under simulated sunlight: Effect of different forms of nitrogen and Kinetics [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011,192:411-418.
Wang Gang, Liu Guo-guang, Liu Hai-jin, et al. Photodegradation of salicylic acid in aquatic encironment: Effect of different forms of nitrogen [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012,435-436: 573-577.
[31]
Martinez C, Vilarino S. Mechanism of degradation of ketoprofen by heterogeneous photocatalysis in aqueous solution [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2013,142-143:633-646.
