Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments in the continental shelf to the east of Hainan Island
XU Fang-jian1,2, YAN Hui-mei1, TIAN Xu3, QIU Long-wei1, LIU Zhao-qing1, LI An-chun4, ZHAO Yong-fang4, YIN Xue-bo4
1. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China;
2. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China;
3. National Deep Sea Center, Qingdao 266237, China;
4. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
The distribution and concentrations of six heavy metals (Cu, Cr, As, Pb, Zn, and Cd) in 29 surface sediment samples collected from the eastern continental shelf of Hainan Island were determined in this study. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the enrichment factor (EF), and the potential ecological risk index (PERI) were analyzed to assess the potential contamination and the environmental risks associated with heavy metals. Generally, the concentrations of 6 heavy metals showed a similar distribution pattern, and were slightly decreased from the coast toward offshore. It was possible that these heavy metals shared similar sources, whereas the levels of Pb and As were influenced by anthropogenic activities. There were differences in the Igeo and EF values obtained from upper continental crust and the unpolluted sediment in offshore of Hainan Island. The average individual potential risk index of heavy metals showed the order Cd> As> Cu> Pb> Cr> Zn, suggesting “low potential ecological risks” of Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn. There were only a few sites possessing “considerable potential ecological risks” of As and Cd. PERI indicated that most of the sites could be categorized as “low potential ecological risks” in the studied area. The areas with higher potential ecological risks were near Wanquanhe, Lingshuihe and Sanyahe.
徐方建, 闫慧梅, 田旭, 邱隆伟, 刘兆庆, 李安春, 赵永芳, 殷学博. 海南岛东部陆架表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(5): 1530-1539.
XU Fang-jian, YAN Hui-mei, TIAN Xu, QIU Long-wei, LIU Zhao-qing, LI An-chun, ZHAO Yong-fang, YIN Xue-bo. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments in the continental shelf to the east of Hainan Island. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2016, 36(5): 1530-1539.
Santschi P, Höhener P, Benoit G, et al. Chemical processes at the sediment-water interface [J]. Marine Chemistry, 1990,30:269-315.
[2]
Singh K P, Malik A, Sinha S, et al. Estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in sediments of Gomti River (India) using principal component analysis [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2005,166(1):321-341.
Hu B Q, Li G G, Li J, et al. Spatial distribution and ecotoxicological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the southern Bohai Bay, China [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013,20(6):4099-4110.
Yuan H M, Song J M, Li X G, et al. Distribution and contamination of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012,64(10):2151-2159.
Lin S, Hsieh I, Huang K, et al. Influence of the Yangtze River and grain size on the spatial variations of heavy metals and organic carbon in the East China Sea continental shelf sediments [J]. Chemical Geology, 2002,182(2-4):377-394.
Hu B Q, Cui R Y, Li J, et al. Occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Changhua river estuary and adjacent shelf (Hainan Island) [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013,76(1/2):400-405.
[14]
Zhu L M, Xu J, Wang F, et al. An assessment of selected heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments from the South China Sea before 1998 [J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2011,108(1):1-14.
[15]
Long X Y, Ji J F, Balsam W. Rainfall-dependent transformations of iron oxides in a tropical saprolite transect of Hainan Island, South China: Spectral and magnetic measurements [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2011,116(F3):F3015.
[16]
Wang S L, Xu X R, Sun Y X, et al. Heavy metal pollution in coastal areas of South China: A review [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013,76(1/2):7-15.
[17]
Jia J J, Gao J H, Liu Y F, et al. Environmental changes in Shamei Lagoon, Hainan Island, China: Interactions between natural processes and human activities [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2012,30(52):158-168.
[18]
Vane C H, Harrison I, Kim A W, et al. Organic and metal contamination in surface mangrove sediments of South China [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2009,58(1):134-144.
Qiu Y W, Yu K F, Zhang G, et al. Accumulation and partitioning of seven trace metals in mangroves and sediment cores from three estuarine wetlands of Hainan Island, China [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011,190(1-3):631-638.
Rundnick R L, Gao S. Composition of the Continental Crust [M]. Oxford:Pergamon, 2003:1-64.
[28]
Zhao D B, Wan S M, Yu Z J, et al. Distribution, enrichment and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Hainan Island rivers, China [J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015,74(6): 5097-5110.
Hu B Q, Li J, Cui R Y, et al. Clay mineralogy of the riverine sediments of Hainan Island, South China Sea: Implications for weathering and provenance [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2014,96:84-92.
Soto-Jiménez M F, Páez-Osuna F. Distribution and normalization of heavy metal concentrations in mangrove and lagoonal sediments from Mazatlán Harbor (SE Gulf of California) [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2001,53(3): 259-274.
[42]
Lee C, Fang M, Hsieh M. Characterization and distribution of metals in surficial sediments in Southwestern Taiwan [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1998,36(6):464-471.
[43]
Li X D, Wai O W H, Li Y S, et al. Heavy metal distribution in sediment profiles of the Pearl River estuary, South China [J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2000,15(5):567-581.
[44]
Wu J F, Rember R, Jin M, et al. Isotopic evidence for the source of lead in the North Pacific abyssal water [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2010,74(16):4629-4638.
[45]
Christophoridis C, Dedepsidis D, Fytianos K. Occurrence and distribution of selected heavy metals in the surface sediments of Thermaikos Gulf, N. Greece. Assessment using pollution indicators [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009,168(2):1082-1091.
[46]
Hu B Q, Li J, Zhao J T, et al. Heavy metal in surface sediments of the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea: Distribution, contamination, and sources [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2013, 185(6):5071-5083.
[47]
Wan S M, Toucanne S, Clift P D, et al. Human impact overwhelms long-term climate control of weathering and erosion in southwest China [J]. Geology, 2015,43(5):439-442.
[48]
Xu G, Liu J, Pei S F, et al. Sediment properties and trace metal pollution assessment in surface sediments of the Laizhou Bay, China [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015, 22(15):11634-11647.