Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of VOCs from vehicle exhaust in Nanjing, China
ZHANG Qi-jun1, WU Lin1, LIU Ming-yue1, FANG Xiao-zhen1, ZHANG Jing1, MAO Hong-jun1, SHAO Min2, LU Si-hua2
1. Urban Transport Emission Control Research Centre, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; 2. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Abstract：In order to study volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vehicle emissions impact on the environment and people health, a tunnel test was conducted the Fu Gui Mountain tunnel in Nanjing, China. The ambient level and composition characteristics, temporal variation characteristics, and chemical reactivity of VOCs were studied. The health risk of VOCs in the tunnel in the study area was assessed by using the international recognized health risk assessment method (US EPA). A total of 97VOC species were quantified in the samples collected at the entrance and exit of tunnel. The total concentrations of VOCs at the entrance and the exit were (87.28±7.08)μg/m3 and (225.63±59.19)μg/m3, respectively. The alkanes and aromatics concentration were the most abundant VOCs in the exit. The ozone formation potentials at the entrance and exit of tunnel were 101.48μg O3/m3 and 402.01μg O3/m3. Health Risk assessment showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) of 14major VOCs were between 8.07×10-5 ~ 2.66×10-1 in the entrance, but the HQ in the exit was in the range of 3.18×10-4 ~ 2.92×10-1. The non-carcinogenic hazard risk index (HI) at the tunnel entrance and exit were both less than 1, which were non-carcinogenic to human body. However, 5VOCs are carcinogenic to human body, such as 1,3-butadiene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene and 1,1,2-trichloroethane which have a significant impact on human health.
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