1. Center for Industrial Ecology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. Institute of Circular Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3. School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
China's interprovincial trade embodied iron ore network in 2010 was analysed by applying a multi-region input-output (MRIO) model. From the demand-based analysis, some key consumers, either provinces or sectors, were identified. Results showed that in 2010, Hebei, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia were the most important exporters of trade embodied iron ore, which were also important iron ore extractors; Jiangsu and Zhejiang were the greatest importers, which were better developed regions located in eastern coastal area. The net exportation of Hebei was 350million tons, which was approximately 32% of the national extraction. Those important iron ore extractors exported most of trade embodied iron ore to eastern costal area, to meet the final demand of construction and machinery sectors. The largest trade embodied flow was the one between Hebei and Zhejiang. Hebei exported 30million tons of trade embodied iron ore to Zhejiang, and most of which was sent to the construction sector of Zhejiang.
Hertwich E G, Peters G P. Carbon footprint of nations:A global, trade-linked analysis[J]. Environmental Science &Technology, 2009,43(16):6414-6420.
[4]
Chen Z M, Chen G Q. Virtual water accounting for the globalized world economy:national water footprint and international virtual water trade[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2013,28:142-149.
[5]
Wiedmann T O, Minx J, Barrett J, et al. Allocating ecological footprints to final consumption categories with input-output analysis[J]. Ecological Economics, 2006,56(1):28-48.
[6]
Wiedmann T O, Schandl H, Lenzen M, et al. The material footprint of nations[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015,112(20):6271-6276.
[7]
Liang S, Wang Y, Cinnirella S, et al. Atmospheric mercury footprints of nations[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015,49(6):3566-3574.
Su B, Ang B W. Input-output analysis of CO2 emissions embodied in trade:competitive versus non-competitive imports[J]. Energy Policy, 2013,56:83-87.
[15]
陈锡康,杨翠红,等.投入产出技术[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2011:25.
[16]
Hubacek K, Giljum S. Applying physical input-output analysis to estimate land appropriation (ecological footprints) of international trade activities[J]. Ecological Economics, 2003,44(1):137-151.
[17]
Suh S. A note on the calculus for physical input-output analysis and its application to land appropriation of international trade activities[J]. Ecological Economics, 2004,48(1):9-17.
[18]
Weisz H, Duchin F. Physical and monetary input-output analysis:What makes the difference[J]. Ecological Economics, 2006,57(3):534-541.
[19]
Leontief W W. Input-output economics[M]. New York:Oxford University Press, 1986.
[20]
Tukker A, Poliakov E, Heijungs R, et al. Towards a global multi-regional environmentally extended input-output database[J]. Ecological Economics, 2009,68(7):1928-1937.
[21]
Peters G P, Andrew R, Lennox J. Constructing an environmentally-extended multi-regional input-output table using the GTAP database[J]. Economic Systems Research, 2011, 23(2):131-152.
[22]
Izard C, Weber C, Scott M H. Primary and embedded steel imports to the U.S.:implications for the design of border tax adjustments[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(17):6563-6569.
[23]
Wiedmann T, Schandl H, Moran D. The footprint of using metals:new metrics of consumption and productivity[J]. Environmental Economics & Policy Studies, 2014,17(3):369-388.
[24]
Peters G P. From production-based to consumption-based national emission inventories[J]. Ecological Economics, 2008, 65(1):13-23.
[25]
Wiedmann T O. A review of recent multi-region input-output models used for consumption-based emission and resource accounting[J]. Ecological Economics, 2009,69(2):211-222.
