Regional analysis of aerosol indirect effects in Xinjiang region
ZHANG Zhe1,2, DING Jian-li1,2, WANG Jin-jie1,2,3, HE Bao-zhong1,2
1. College of Resources and Environment Science, Urumqi 830046, China;
2. China Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecosystem of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;
3. Xingjiang Vocational and Technical College of Communication, Urumqi 831401, China
Aerosol optical depth and cloud data from satellite measurements, the precipitation data from ground observations were used to evaluate the spatial-temporal variations of aerosol characteristics and the interaction between aerosols, cloud and precipitation. The results showed:1. The spatial distribution of aerosol optical depth in Xinjiang had a significant regional and seasonal variation due to the change of regional warm-dry conditions over the last decade. 2. The aerosol optical depth in South Xinjiang was higher than North Xinjiang. It was high in spring and summer and low in autumn and winter. It demonstrated an increasing trend. Wherein, aerosol optical depth in North Xinjiang changes more significantly. 3. There was a negative correlation between cloud optical depth and aerosol optical depth. Due to the influence of climate changes and size differences among particles, the correlation coefficient between cloud optical depth and aerosol optical depth in North Xinjiang was higher than South Xinjiang. 4. The cloud water path was greatly affected by temperature and humidity, and the sensitivity of the change of aerosol optical depth was greater than the southern. It was highest in summer and lowest in winter. 5. The relationship between aerosol optical depth and effective radius of cloud droplets was complex. They were greatly influenced by water vapour. When the water content in clouds was low, the effective radius of cloud droplets was negatively correlated with the aerosol optical depth. This indicated that the increase of aerosols in dry areas or seasons will inhibit the increase of cloud droplets. On the whole, the increase of aerosols in Xinjiang province suppressed regional precipitation.
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Li Zhanqing, Niu F, Fan J, et al. Long-term impacts of aerosols on the vertical development of clouds and precipitation[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2011,4(12):888-894.
Hong G, Yang P, Gao B C, et al. High Cloud Properties from Three Years of MODIS Terra and Aqua Collection-4 Data over the Tropics[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology, 2007,46(11):1840-1856.
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Edenhofer O, Seyboth K. Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC)[J]. Encyclopedia of Energy Natural Resource & Environmental Economics, 2013,26(D14):48-56.
Mahowald N M, Engelstaedter S, Luo C, et al. Atmospheric iron deposition:global distribution, variability, and human perturbations[J]. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2009,1(2):245-278.
[4]
Rhoads K P, Kelley P, Dickerson R R, et al. Composition of the troposphere over the Indian Ocean during the monsoonal transition[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1997,102(D15):18981-18995.
[5]
Haywood J, Boucher O. Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols:A review[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2000,38(4):513-543.
[6]
Mahowald N, Ward D S, Kloster S, et al. Aerosol impacts on climate and biogeochemistry[J]. Annual Review of Environment & Resources, 2011,36:45-74.
[7]
Ramanathan V, Crutzen P J, Kiehl J T, et al. Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle[J]. Science, 2001,294(5549):2119-2124.
Nakajima T Y, Nakajma T. Wide-area determination of cloud microphysical properties from NOAA AVHRR measurements for FIRE and ASTEX regions[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2010,52(23):4043-4059.
[13]
Tang J, Wang P, Mickley L J, et al. Positive relationship between liquid cloud droplet effective radius and aerosol optical depth over Eastern China from satellite data[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014,84(1):244-253.
[14]
Zhao C, Tie X, Lin Y. A possible positive feedback of reduction of precipitation and increase in aerosols over eastern central China[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006,33(331):229-239.
[15]
Li Zhanqing, Niu F, Fan J, et al. Long-term impacts of aerosols on the vertical development of clouds and precipitation[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2011,4(12):888-894.
Hong G, Yang P, Gao B C, et al. High Cloud Properties from Three Years of MODIS Terra and Aqua Collection-4 Data over the Tropics[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology, 2007,46(11):1840-1856.
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Rui H. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)[J]. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2010,15(3):809-817.
Edenhofer O, Seyboth K. Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC)[J]. Encyclopedia of Energy Natural Resource & Environmental Economics, 2013,26(D14):48-56.