Sodium alginate (SA) immobilized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was synthesized and applied to reduce the azo dye (reactive red X3B) in water. The effects of SA concentration, nZVI dosage, reactive red X3B initial concentration, temperature, and initial pH on removal efficiency were investigated, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were employed to analyze the reductive decolorization process of the target pollutant by the nanocomposites. As high as 98.9% reactive red X3B were removed after 720min (T=25℃, pH=10.9, 200r/min, 2.0g/L nZVI with 2.0wt% SA loading, and 25.0mg/L X3B). The adsorption of reactive red X3B by sodium alginate gel was not observed, and the main mechanism of reactive red X3B decolorization was attributed to the reactive red X3B reduction by nZVI.
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Wang W,Li S,Lei H,et al.Enhanced separation of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using polyacrylamide:Performance,characterization and implication[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,260:616-622.
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Name N,Li C M,Tan N H,et al.A comparative study of copper (Ⅱ) biosorption on Ca-alginate,agarose and immobilized C.vulgaris in a packed-bed column[J].Process Biochemistry,1998,33(98):393-400.
Shen K,Dong H C,Li Z.Synthesis,characterization,and properties of ethoxylated azo dyes[J].Fibers&Polymers,2003,4(1):32-37.
[2]
Saratale R G,Saratale G D,Chang J S,et al.Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes:A review[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2011,42(1):138-157.
[3]
Bruggen B V D,Vreese I D,Vandecasteele C.Water reclamation in the textile industry:Nanofiltration of dye baths for wool dyeing[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2001,40(18):3973-3978.
[4]
Al-Degs Y,Khraisheh M A M,Allen S J,et al.Effect of carbon surface chemistry on the removal of reactive dyes from textile effluent[J].Water Research,2000,34(3):927-935.
[5]
Sizykh M R,Batoeva A A,Aseev D G.Ultrasonic activation of oxidation of azo dyes in aqueous solutions[J].Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2015,89(10):1785-1789.
[6]
Khan A A,Husain Q.Decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes from polluted wastewater and dyeing effluent by using potato (Solanumtuberosum) soluble and immobilized polyphenol oxidase[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(5):1012-1019.
[7]
Qiao N,Yang M Y,Liu Y,et al.Symbiotic culture of white-rot fungi and aerobic denitrifier bacteria immobilized by bacterial cellulose to treat mixed wastewater composed of dye and domestic sewage[J].Environmental Sciences,2012,21(6A):1583-1588.
[8]
Xu J,Tang J,Xu X H,et al.Enhanced dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Pd/Fe-Fe3O4nanocomposites[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,244-245:628-636.
Shu H Y,Chang M C,Yu H H,et al.Reduction of an azo dye Acid Black 24solution using synthesized nanoscale zerovalent iron particles[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2007,314(1):89-97.
[11]
Fan J,Guo Y,Wang J,et al.Rapid decolorization of azo dye methyl orange in aqueous solution by nanoscale zerovalent iron particles[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,166(2):904-910.
[12]
Zhao Z S,Liu J F,Tai C,et al.Rapid decolorization of water soluble azo-dyes by nanosized zero-valent iron immobilized on the exchange resin[J].Science in China,2008,51(2):186-192.
[13]
Almeelbi T,Bezbaruah A.Aqueous phosphate removal using nanoscale zero-valent iron[J].Journal of Nanoparticle Research,2012,14(7):1-14.
[14]
Hwang Y H,Kim D G,Shin H S.Mechanism study of nitrate reduction by nano zerovalent iron[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,185(2):1513-1521.
[15]
Bezbarush A N,Krajangpan S,Chisholm B J,et al.Entrapment of iron nanoscales in calcium alginate beads for groundwater remediation application[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,166:1339-1343.
[16]
Sepehri S,Heidarpour M,Abedi-Koupai J.Nitrate Removal from aqueous solution using natural zeolite-supported zero-valent iron nanoparticles[J].Soil&Water Research,2014,9(4):224-232.
[17]
Xu X H,Lv X,Xu J,et al.Removal of chromium (VI) from wastewater by nanoscale zero-valent iron particles supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes[J].Chemosphere,2011,85(7):1204-1209.
[18]
Guan X,Sun Y,Qin H,et al.The limitations of applying zero-valent iron technology in contaminants sequestration and the corresponding countermeasures:The development in zero-valent iron technology in the last two decades (1994-2014)[J].Water Research,2015,75:224-248.
[19]
Xu J,Liu X,Xu X H,et al.Dechlorination mechanism of 2,4-dichlorophenol by magnetic MWCNTs supported Pd/Fe nanohybrids:rapid adsorption,gradual dechlorination,and desorption of phenol[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2016,8(11):7333-7342.
[20]
Wang W,Li S,Lei H,et al.Enhanced separation of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using polyacrylamide:Performance,characterization and implication[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,260:616-622.
[21]
Wo J,Zhang Z,Xu X H.Dechlorination mechanism of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Ni/Fe nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid[J].Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A,2009,10(1):121-126.
[22]
Zhou H,Shen Y,Ping L,et al.Degradation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid by ultrasound and zero-valent iron/activated carbon[J].Separation&Purification Technology,2013,104(2):208-213.
Name N,Li C M,Tan N H,et al.A comparative study of copper (Ⅱ) biosorption on Ca-alginate,agarose and immobilized C.vulgaris in a packed-bed column[J].Process Biochemistry,1998,33(98):393-400.