Abstract：Nonylphenol (NP) transformed from detergents was detected in water, sediment and biota all over the world. Acute toxicity of nonylphenol to Chlorella pyrenoidosa, five species of cladocerans (Monia micrura, Monia macrocopa, Daphnia geleata, Daphnia pulex, Daphnia magna) and chronic toxicity of NP to Daphnia magna were measured. In addition, the bioconcentration effect of NP through the trophic chain (water-C. pyrenoidosa-D. magna) was studied. The half inhibitory effect concentrations (EC50) of NP on algae was 3.33mg/L after cultured for 96h, while the lethal concentrations 50(LC50) on five species of cladocerans were ranged from 8.67 to 131.79μg/L. The LC50 values suggested that the tolerance of Monia was higher than Daphnia. The survival rate and reproductivity of D. magna were significantly inhibited under 1and 5μg/L NP exposure during chronic toxicity test. The offspring production was observed only in the 8th day exposed to 1μg/L NP, while no offspring production was observed treated with 5μg/L NP. The bioconcentration factor of NP in C. pyrenoidosa was 7393 at 3h exposed to 0.1mg/L NP. The grazing rate of D. magna was decreased significantly when fed with NP-rich algae and the survival rate was declined after 3days culture. However, almost all NP ingested by D. magna was metabolized, therefore, only traces of NP (0.7mg/g) was found in D. magna. The bioconcentration factor of NP through C. pyrenoidosa to D. magna was 0.097. The results indicated that microalgae acted as the first level of trophic chain are able to bioconcentrate the endocrine disruptor NP significantly. The NP-rich algae affected the growth characters of crustacean, however, the metabolism of NP in crustacean eliminating the further effects of NP through food chain. Moreover, the low efficiency of the bioconcentration factor in D. magna was also due to the physiological processes, such as, transformation, exuviation, digestion and excretion.
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