Abstract：The simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process for treating domestic wastewater was investigated under high dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Intermittent aerobic condition was operated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with the air flow rate of 500L/h at 30℃. The DO concentration was up to 5mg/L. Domestic wastewater was used as influent and Kaldnes rings were used as biomass carriers. In phase 1, the reactor was operated with the aerobic time and non-aerobic time of both 20min. As a result, the biofilm performed low nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity and the reactor achieved high nitrogen removal performance. The average total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal efficiency reached 89% with the average effluent TIN concentration of 11mg/L. Besides, the effect of the aerobic time on the SNAD biofilm reactor performance was evaluated during phase 2, phase 3 and phase 4. The results showed that the length of aerobic time played a little effect on the anammox activity of the SNAD biofilm, while the NOB activity was largely affected by the length of aerobic time. In phase 3, the aerobic time was controlled at 60min. As a result, the biofilm performed low NOB activity and the reactor achieved high nitrogen removal performance. The average TIN removal efficiency reached 83% with the average effluent TIN concentration of 14mg/L. The aerobic time of phase 4was controlled at 160min. On the contrary, the biofilm performed high NOB activity and the reactor performed poor nitrogen removal performance. The average TIN removal efficiency decreased to 50% with the average effluent TIN concentration of 35mg/L.
郑照明, 李军, 杨京月, 杜佳. SNAD工艺在不同间歇曝气工况下的脱氮性能[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(2): 511-519.
ZHENG Zhao-ming, LI Jun, YANG Jing-yue, Du Jia. Nitrogen removal performance of the SNAD process under different intermittent aerobic conditions. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2017, 37(2): 511-519.
Bagchi S, Biswas R, Nandy T. Autotrophic ammonia removal processes:ecology to technology[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2012,42(13):1353-1418.
[2]
Strous M, Fuerst J A, Kramer E, et al. Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete[J]. Nature, 1999,400(6743):446-449.
[3]
Chen H H, Liu S T, Yang F L, et al. The development of simultaneous partial nitrification,anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process in a single reactor for nitrogen removal[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009,100(4):1548-1554.
[4]
Daverey A, Chen Y C, Dutta K, et al. Start-up of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process in sequencing batch biofilm reactor using novel biomass carriers[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015,190:480-486.
Wang C C, Lee P H, Kumar M, et al. Simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification (SNAD) in a full-scale landfill-leachate treatment plant[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010,175(1-3):622-628.
[7]
Zhang X J, Zhang H Z, Ye C M, et al. Effect of COD/N ratio on nitrogen removal and microbial communities of CANON process in membrane bioreactors[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 189:302-308.
[8]
Sobotka D, Czerwionka K, Makinia J. The effects of different aeration modes on ammonia removal from sludge digester liquors in the nitritation-anammox process[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2015,71(7):986-995.
[9]
De Clippeleir H, Vlaeminck S E, Carballa M, et al. A low volumetric exchange ratio allows high autotrophic nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009,100(21):5010-5015.
[10]
Persson F, Sultana R, Suarez M, et al. Structure and composition of biofilm communities in a moving bed biofilm reactor for nitritation-anammox at low temperatures[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014,154:267-273.
[11]
Veuillet F, Lacroix S, Bausseron A, et al. Integrated fixed-film activated sludge ANITA (TM) Mox process-a new perspective for advanced nitrogen removal[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2014,69(5):915-922.
[12]
Yang J J, Trela J, Zubrowska-Sudol M, et al. Intermittent aeration in one-stage partial nitritation/anammox process[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2015,75:413-420.
[13]
Zekker I, Rikmann E, Tenno T, et al. Nitritating-anammox biomass tolerant to high dissolved oxygen concentration and C/N ratio in treatment of yeast factory wastewater[J]. Environmental Technology, 2014,35(12):1565-1576.
[14]
Gilbert E M, Agrawal S, Brunner F, et al. Response of Different Nitrospira Species To Anoxic Periods Depends on Operational DO[J]. Environment Science and Technology, 2014,48(5):2934-2941.
[15]
Kornaros M, Dokianakis S N, Lyberatos G. Partial Nitrification/Denitrification Can Be Attributed to the Slow Response of Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria to Periodic Anoxic Disturbances[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(19SI):7245-7253.
[16]
Tang C J, Zheng P, Mahmood Q, et al. Start-up and inhibition analysis of the Anammox process seeded with anaerobic granular sludge[J]. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2009,36(8):1093-1100.
Liang Z, Liu H. Control factors of partial nitritation for landfill leachate treatment[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 2007,19(5):523-529.
[20]
Strous M, Vangerven E, Kuenen J G, et al. Effects of aerobic and microaerobic conditions on anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (Anammox) sludge[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1997,63(6):2446-2448.
[21]
Cema G, Plaza E, Trela J, et al. Dissolved oxygen as a factor influencing nitrogen removal rates in a one-stage system with partial nitritation and Anammox process[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2011,64(5):1009-1015.
[22]
Zubrowska-Sudol M, Yang J, Trela J, et al. Evaluation of deammonification process performance at different aeration strategies[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2011,63(6):1168-1176.
[23]
Volcke E, Picioreanu C, De Baets B, et al. Effect of granule size on autotrophic nitrogen removal in a granular sludge reactor[J]. Environmental Technology, 2010,31(11):1271-1280.
[24]
Winkler M, Yang J J, Kleerebezem R, et al. Nitrate reduction by organotrophic Anammox bacteria in a nitritation/anammox granular sludge and a moving bed biofilm reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012,114:217-223.
[25]
Siegrist H, Salzgeber D, Eugster J, et al. Anammox brings WWTP closer to energy autarky due to increased biogas production and reduced aeration energy for N-removal[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2008,57(3):383-388.
[26]
Li J, Guo J S, Fang F, et al. Effect of organic carbon on nitrogen conversion and microbial communities in the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process[J]. Environmental Technology, 2012,33(10):1141-1149.
[27]
Vazquez-Padin J R, Fernandez I, Morales N, et al. Autotrophic nitrogen removal at low temperature[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2011,63(6):1282-1288.
[28]
Rathnayake R M L D, Song Y, Tumendelger A, et al. Source identification of nitrous oxide on autotrophic partial nitrification in a granular sludge reactor[J]. Water Research, 2013,47(19):7078-7086.
[29]
Morales N, Del Rio A V, Vazquez-Padin J R, et al. Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on the start-up of the anammoxbased process:ELAN (R)[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2015,72(4):520-527.
[30]
Ge S, Peng Y, Qiu S, et al. Complete nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater via partial nitrification by appropriately alternating anoxic/aerobic conditions in a continuous plug-flow step feed process[J]. Water Research, 2014,55(0):95-105.
[31]
Bournazou M N C, Hooshiar K, Arellano-Garcia H, et al. Model based optimization of the intermittent aeration profile for SBRs under partial nitrification[J]. Water Research, 2013,47(10):3399-3410.
[32]
van der Star W, Miclea A I, van Dongen U, et al. The membrane bioreactor:A novel tool to grow anammox bacteria as free cells[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2008,101(2):286-294.
[33]
Lackner S, Gilbert E M, Vlaeminck S E, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences-An application survey[J]. Water Research, 2014,55(0):292-303.
