Heavy metal content characteristics and risk assessment of household cereal and beans from mining areas
HUANG Chu-shan1,2,3, HU Guo-cheng1,3, CHEN Mian-biao1,3, ZHANG Li-juan1,3, QIU Rong-liang2
1. South China Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China;
2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou 510655, China
A total of 179cereal and beans samples from three villages around a mining area in Southwest China were collected to evaluate the pollution and health risk of heavy metals by the consumption of cereal and beans. Heavy metals including Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in samples were analyzed. The Nemerow composite pollution index was applied to evaluate the quality of the cereal and beans. The Target Hazard Quotient was used to assess the potential health risks of heavy metals to adults via the consumption of cereal and beans in the mining area. The results indicated that the concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in rice samples were 0.01~0.67mg/kg, 0.01~1.50mg/kg, 0.02~3.05mg/kg, 0.04~0.20mg/kg, and 0.15~63.27μg/kg, respectively. The pollution of Cd in rice samples was more serious than other heavy metals, which showed the exceeded standard rate of 70.4%. The mean concentrations of Cd in rice samples from A, B and C villages were 3.0, 1.3 and 3.8 times higher than the limitation value in foods. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in soybean samples were 0.11~0.85mg/kg, 0.03~1.05mg/kg, 0.01~1.02mg/kg, 0.01~0.20mg/kg, and 0.15~24.22μg/kg, respectively. The pollution of Pb and Cd in soybean samples were more serious than other heavy metals, with the exceeded standard rate of 97.4% and 74.4%, respectively. The mean concentrations of Pb in soybean samples from A, B and C villages were 2.5, 2.0 and 2.5times higher than the limitation value in foods. And the mean concentrations of Cd in soybean samples from A, B and C villages were 1.8, 1.8 and 1.5times higher than the limitation value in foods. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in corn samples were 0.08~0.49mg/kg, 0.03~0.77mg/kg, 0.003~0.27mg/kg, 0.01~0.16mg/kg, and 0.15~16.10μg/kg, respectively. Among the five metal, Pb had the highest exceeded standard rate of 52.0%. The mean concentrations of Pb in corn samples from A and B villages were 1.0 and 1.3 times higher than the limitation value in foods. The composite pollution index indicated that heavy metal pollution of corn in A and B villages were at risk level, while rice in A and C villages were moderately contaminated, and others are slightly contaminated. Health risk assessment showed that the risk to adults via consumption of rice in three villages were mainly contributed by Cr, Cd and As.
Shah K, Nongkynrih J M. Metal hyperaccumulation and bioremediation [J]. Biologia Plantarum, 2007,51(4):618-634.
[5]
Hough R L, Breward N, Young S D, et al. Assessing potential risk of heavy metal exposure from consumption of home-produced vegetables by urban populations [J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2004,112(2):215-221.
Patra M, Bhowmik N, Bandopadhyay B, et al. Comparison of mercury, lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and the development of genetic tolerance [J]. Environmental and Experimental Otany, 2004,52:199-223.
Stasinos S, Zabetakis I. The uptake of nickel and chromium from irrigation water by potatoes, carrots and onions [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2013,91:122-128.
[10]
Huang Y Z, Hu Y, Liu Y X. Heavy metal accumulation in iron plaque and growth of rice plants upon exposure to single and combined contamination by copper, cadmium and lead [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009,29(6):320-326.
[11]
Chenery S R, Izquierdo M, Marzouk E, et al. Soil-plant interactions and the uptake of Pb at abandoned mining sites in the Rookhope catchment of the N. Pennines, UK-A Pb isotope study [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2012,433:547-560.
[12]
Zhao K L, Liu X M, Xu J M, et al. Heavy metal contaminations in a soil-rice system: Identification of spatial dependence in relation to soil properties of paddy fields [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010,181:781-787.
Shikazono N, Zakir H M, Sudo Y. Zinc contamination in river water and sediments at Taisyu Zn Pb mine area,Tsushima Island, Japan [J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2008,98(3):80-88.
Cappuyns V, Swennen R, Vandamme A. Environmental impact of the former Pb/Zn mining and smelting in East Belgium [J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2006,88(1-3):6-9.
[24]
GB 5009.12-2010 食品安全国家标准食品中铅的测定 [S].
[25]
GB/T 5009.15-2003 食品中隔的测定 [S].
[26]
GB/T 5009.123-2003 食品中铬的测定 [S].
[27]
GB/T 5009.11-2003 食品中总砷及无机砷的测定 [S].
[28]
GB/T 5009.17-2003 食品中总汞及有机汞的测定 [S].
[29]
GB 2762-2012 食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量 [S].
[30]
NY 861-2004粮食(含谷物、豆类、薯类)及制品中铅、铬、镉、汞、硒、砷、铜、锌等八种元素限量 [S].
Cherfi A, Abdoun S, Gaci O. Food survey: Levels and potential health risks of chromium, lead, zinc and copper content in fruits and vegetables consumed in Algeria [J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014,70:48-53.
[37]
Sabaa M W, Mohamed N A, Mohamed R R, et al. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of ploy (N-vinyl imidazole) grafted carboxymethyl chitosan [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2010,79:998-1005.
Han Z X, Bi X Y, Li Z G, et al. Occurrence, speciation and bioaccessibility of lead in Chinese rural household dust and the associated health risk to children [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2012,46:65-70.
[40]
Xue Y, Shen Z G, Zhou D M. Different in heavy metal uptake between various vegetable and its mechanism [J]. Soils, 2005, 37(1):32-36.
