1. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China;
2. State Key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
3. Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
The potential of ferrihydrite (HFO) for in-situ removal of hydrogen sulphide during sewage sludge anaerobic digestion was evaluated. Within 20days, the average hydrogen sulphide concentration in biogas was successfully decreased from 219.9 (or 3263 of sulphate-rich sludge) mg/m3 to 74.61(1537), 12.84(229) and 1.06(3.3) mg/m3 in the presence of 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.25% (wt) HFO, respectively. The bioavailable fraction of the total P was decreased from 70.1% to 41.7%, 20.5% and 6.9%. The analysis of XRD and phosphorus fractionation profile confirmed the immobilization of bioavailable-P mainly as Fe3(PO4)2 in HFO-dosed sludge. According to the data of volatile matters (VM), sludge stabilization might be prolonged in the presence of HFO due to soluble phosphorus limitation partly. The reduced inorganic sulphur (RIS) fractionation profile further indicated that FeS2 and S0 are the main reaction products of sulphide and HFO.
Deng Y, Xu J, Liu Y,et al. Biogas as a sustainable energy source in China:Regional development strategy application and decision making[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014,35:294-303.
[2]
Diaz I, Lopes A C, Perez S I,et al. Performance evaluation of oxygen, air and nitrate for the microaerobic removal of hydrogen sulphide in biogas from sludge digestion[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010,101(20):7724-7730.
[3]
Maestre J P, Rovira R, Alvarez-Hornos F J,et al. Bacterial community analysis of a gas-phase biotrickling filter for biogas mimics desulfurization through the rRNA approach[J]. Chemosphere, 2010,80(8):872-880.
[4]
Abatzoglou N, Boivin S. A review of biogas purification processes[J]. Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr, 2009,3(1):42-71.
[5]
Dewil R, Baeyens J, Roels J,et al. Distribution of sulphur compounds in sewage sludge treatment[J]. Environmental Engineering Science, 2008,25(6):879-886.
[6]
Diaz I, Perez S I, Ferrero E M,et al. Effect of oxygen dosing point and mixing on the microaerobic removal of hydrogen sulphide in sludge digesters[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011,102(4):3768- 3775.
Lens P N L, Visser A, Janssen A J H,et al. Biotechnological treatment of sulfate-rich wastewaters[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 1998,28(1):41-88.
[10]
van der Zee F P, Villaverde S, Garcia P A,et al. Sulfide removal by moderate oxygenation of anaerobic sludge environments[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2007,98(3):518-524.
[11]
Su L H, Shi X L, Guo G Z,et al. Stabilization of sewage sludge in the presence of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI):abatement of odor and improvement of biogas production[J]. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2013,15(4):461-468.
[12]
Su L H, Zhen G Y, Zhang L J,et al. The use of the core-shell structure of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) for long-term removal of sulphide in sludge during anaerobic digestion[J]. Environmental Science:Processes & Impacts, 2015,17(12):2013-2021.
[13]
Chaung S H, Wu P F, Kao Y L,et al. Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Sulfide Removal from Digested Piggery Wastewater[J]. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2014,2014:1-10.
[14]
Schwertmann U, Cornell R M. Iron oxides in the laboratory:preparation and characterization[M]. Weinheim:WILEY-VCH, 2000.
[15]
Zhao J M, Huggins F E, Feng Z,et al. Ferrihydrite-Surface-Structure and Its Effects on Phase-Transformation[J]. Clays and Clay Minerals, 1994,42(6):737-746.
[16]
Fuller C C, Davis J A, Waychunas G A. Surface chemistry of ferrihydrite:Part 2. Kinetics of arsenate adsorption and coprecipitation[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1993, 57(10):2271-2282.
[17]
Waychunas G A, Rea B A, Fuller C C,et al. Surface chemistry of ferrihydrite:Part 1. EXAFS studies of the geometry of coprecipitated and adsorbed arsenate[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1993,57(10):2251-2269.
[18]
Liaw B J, Cheng D S, Yang B L. Oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene on iron oxyhydroxides and hydrated iron oxides[J]. Journal of Catalysis, 1989,118(2):312-326.
[19]
Smith J A, Carliell-Marquet C M. The digestibility of iron-dosed activated sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008,99(18):8585- 8592.
[20]
Smith J A, Carliell-Marquet C M. A novel laboratory method to determine the biogas potential of iron-dosed activated sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009,100(5):1767-1774.
[21]
Hsieh Y P, Chung S W, Tsau Y J,et al. Analysis of sulfides in the presence of ferric minerals by diffusion methods[J]. Chemical Geology, 2002,182(2-4):195-201.
[22]
Hsieh Y P, Shieh Y N. Analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur by diffusion methods:Improved apparatus and evaluation for sulfur isotopic studies[J]. Chemical Geology, 1997,137(3/4):255-261.
Deublein D, Steinhauser A. Biogas from waste and renewable resources:An introduction[Z]. Weinheim:Wiley-VCH, 2007.
[25]
Carliell-Marquet C. The effect of phosphorus enrichment on fractionation of metal and phosphorus in anaerobically digested sludge[D]. University of Loughbourgh, 2001.
[26]
Ferdelman T G. The Distribution of Sulfur, Iron, and Manganese, Copper, and Uranium in a Salt Marsh Sediment Core as Determined by a Sequential Extraction Method[D]. University of Delaware, 1988.
