Effect of steric hindrance on the biodegradation of dissolved methyl-phenanthrene
DU Lan1, ZHANG Zhen-xuan1, ZHU Ya-xian2, ZHANG Yong1
1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
2. Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
The biodegradation of dissolved phenanthrene (Phe) and methyl-phenanthrene (MP), including 1-MP, 3-MP, 4-MP and 9-MP by the bacterium Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1was individually studied using synchronous fluorescence spectrometry. The biodegradation of MP was adequately described by zero-order kinetics at two concentrations, i.e., 8×10-7mol/L and 1.2×10-6mol/L. The rates of biodegradation were generally in the following order: 4-MP< 9-MP< 1-MP< 3-MP. There was a good linear relationship between the measured maximum biodegradation rates and the theoretical maximum transmembrane fluxes. The addition of NaN3 exerted little effects on the biodegradation of Phe but inhibited that of MP, with the degree of inhibition dependent on the position of the methyl substituent.
Billiard S M, Meyer J N, Wassenberg D M, et al. Nonadditive effects of PAHs on early vertebrate development:mechanisms and implications for risk assessment[J]. Toxicological Sciences, 2008,105(1):5-23.
[2]
Hong W J, Jia H, Li Y F, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs in the coastal seawater, surface sediment and oyster from Dalian, Northeast China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2016,128:11-20.
[3]
Mu J L, Wang J, Jin F, et al. Comparative embryotoxicity of phenanthrene and alkyl-phenanthrene to marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma)[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014,85(2):505-515.
Bugg T, Foght J M, Pickard M A, et al. Uptake and active efflux of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas fluorescens LP6a[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2000,66(12):5387-5392.
[12]
Chen B, Wang Y, Hu D. Biosorption and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous solutions by a consortium of white-rot fungi[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010,179(1):845-851.
[13]
Bressler D C, Gray M R. Transport and reaction processes in bioremediation of organic contaminants. 1. Review of bacterial degradation and transport[J]. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2003,1(1):1027-1043.
[14]
Dimitriou-Christidis P. Modeling the biodegradability and physicochemical properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[D]. Texas A&M University, 2005.
[15]
Dimitriou-Christidis P, Autenrieth RL, McDonald TJ, et al. Measurement of biodegradability parameters for single unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid bacterial suspensions[J]. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 2007,97(4):922-932.
Zhang Z X, Zhu Y X, Zhang Y. Simultaneous determination of 9-ethylphenanthrene, pyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene in an aqueous solution by synchronous fluorimetry using the double scans method and hydroxyl-propyl beta-cyclodextrin as a sensitizer[J]. Talanta, 2015,144:836-843.
Luo Y R, Kang S G, Kim S G, et al. Genome sequence of benzo (a)pyrene-degrading bacterium Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1[J], Journal of bacteriology, 2012,194(4):907-907.
[20]
Yun S H, Choi C W, Lee S Y, et al. Proteomic characterization of plasmid pLA1for biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the marine bacterium, Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1[J]. PloS one, 2014,9(3):e90812.
[21]
Malmquist L M V, Selck H, Jørgensen K B, et al. Polycyclic aromatic acids are primary metabolites of alkyl-PAHs-a case study with nereis diversicolor[J]. Environmental science & technology, 2015,49(9):5713-5721.
Wammer K H, Peters C A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation rates:a structure-based study[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005,39(8):2571-2578.
[24]
Zhong Y, Zou S, Lin L, et al. Effects of pyrene and fluoranthene on the degradation characteristics of phenanthrene in the cometabolism process by Sphingomonas sp. strain PheB4isolated from mangrove sediments[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010, 60(11):2043-2049.
[25]
Luan T G, Kei S H, Zhong Y, et al. Study of metabolites from the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments[J]. Chemosphere, 2006,65(11):2289-2296.
