EOM characteristics and release of extracellular amino acids in three typical freshwater algaes
YANG Jing-ting1,2,3, YANG Su-wen2,3, JIN Wei-dong2,3, LIU Lei1, YAN Yu-hong2,3, MAO Qi-di1,2,3
1. School of Resources Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China;
3. State Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Rehabilitating Technique, Beijing 100012, China
The release of extracellular amino acids from algae was studied through comparative analysis of the type and composition of EOM in algae. Typical freshwater algae species, including Microcystis aeruginosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Navicula rhynchocephala were selected to explore the difference of the characteristic of EOM, and the quantity and composition of extracellular free amino acid and bound amino acids in algaes of stable phase, by excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC) and pre-column high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that inorganic nitrogen can be transformed to organic nitrogen in algaes and sequentially to be released into water. The fluorescence intensity of total tryptophan and of total tyrosine in EOM was Microcystis aeruginosa > Scenedesmus quadricauda > Navicula rhynchocephala, and Navicula rhynchocephala > Scenedesmus quadricauda > Microcystis aeruginosa, respectively. The concentration of histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, and serine were higher than that of threonine, arginine and tyrosine. All of the ratios of c(DFAAs)/c(DCAAs) for the three algaes were low. Most of the amino acids existed as proteins and peptides. The ρ(DON), ρ(TDAAs) and amino acids of the Microcystis aeruginosa were the major contributor to the DON in the water body, and they are 1.31mg/L, 5.35mg/L, 69.08%, respectively. Therefore cyanobacteria bloom may release lots of amino acids into water and may increase organic nitrogen load in freshwater ecosystem.
杨敬亭, 杨苏文, 金位栋, 刘雷, 闫玉红, 毛启迪. 三种典型淡水藻EOM组成特征及胞外氨基酸释放规律[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(5): 1879-1888.
YANG Jing-ting, YANG Su-wen, JIN Wei-dong, LIU Lei, YAN Yu-hong, MAO Qi-di. EOM characteristics and release of extracellular amino acids in three typical freshwater algaes. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2017, 37(5): 1879-1888.
Zuo T H, Busetti F, Linge K L, et al. Analysis of free amino acids in natural waters by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2014,1370: 135-146.
[2]
Westerhoff P, Mash H. Dissolved Organic Nitrogen In Drinking Water Supplies: A Review [J]. Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-Aqua, 2002,51(8):415-448.
Zhang G, Liang S, Shi X, et al. Dissolved organic nitrogen bioavailability indicated by amino acids during a diatom to dinoflagellate bloom succession in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent shelf [J]. Marine Chemistry, 2015,176:83-95.
[5]
Andersson M G I, Rijswijk P V, Middelburg J J. Uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, urea and amino acids in the Scheldt estuary: Comparison of organic carbon and nitrogen uptake [J]. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 2006,44(3):303-315.
Nguyen M L, Hu Q, Sommerfeld M, et al. Characteristics and Reactivity of Algae-Produced Dissolved Organic Carbon [J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2005,131(11):págs.1574-1582.
Fang J, Yang X, Ma J, et al. Characterization of algal organic matter and formation of DBPs from chlor(am)ination [J]. Water Research, 2010,44(20):5897-5906.
Pivokonsky M, Safarikova J, Baresova M, et al. A comparison of the character of algal extracellular versus cellular organic matter produced by cyanobacterium, diatom and green alga [J]. Water Research, 2014,51(6):37-46.
[12]
Pivokonsky M, Kloucek O, Pivokonska L. Evaluation of the production, composition and aluminum and iron complexation of algogenic organic matter [J]. Water Research, 2006,40(16):3045-3052.
Henderson R K, Baker A, Parsons S A, et al. Characterisation of algogenic organic matter extracted from cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms [J]. Water Research, 2008,42(13):3435-3445.
[16]
Chen Y, Yang G P, Wu G W, et al. Concentration and characterization of dissolved organic matter in the surface microlayer and subsurface water of the Bohai Sea, China [J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2013,52(1):97-107.
[17]
Shen Y, Fichot C G, Benner R. Dissolved organic matter composition and bioavailability reflect ecosystem productivity in the Western Arctic Ocean [J]. Biogeosciences, 2012,9(12):4993-5005.
[18]
Xu H, Cai H, Yu G, et al. Insights into extracellular polymeric substances of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa using fractionation procedure and parallel factor analysis [J]. water research, 2013,47(6):2005-2014.
Vandenbruwane J, Neve S D, Qualls R G, et al. Optimization of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) measurements in aqueous samples with high inorganic nitrogen concentrations [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2007,386(1-3):103-113.
[22]
Stepanauskas R, Edling H, Tranvik L J. Differential Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Availability and Bacterial Aminopeptidase Activity in Limnic and Marine Waters [J]. Microbial Ecology, 1999,38(3):264-272.
Watt W D. Extracellular Release of Organic Matter from Two Freshwater Diatoms [J]. Annals of Botany, 1969,33(131):427-437.
[28]
Li L, Gao N, Deng Y, et al. Characterization of intracellular & extracellular algae organic matters (AOM) of Microcystic aeruginosa and formation of AOM-associated disinfection byproducts and odor & taste compounds [J]. Water Research, 2012,46(4):1233-40.
Qu F, Liang H, Wang Z, et al. Ultrafiltration membrane fouling by extracellular organic matters (EOM) of Microcystis aeruginosa in stationary phase: Influences of interfacial characteristics of foulants and fouling mechanisms [J]. Water Research, 2012,46(5): 1490-1500.
Xu H, Pan J, Zhang H, et al. Interactions of metal oxide nanoparticles with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of algal aggregates in an eutrophic ecosystem [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2016,94:464-470.
Santín C, Yamashita Y, Otero X L, et al. Characterizing humic substances from estuarine soils and sediments by excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis [J]. Biogeochemistry, 2009,96(1-3):131-147.
[36]
Zhao Y, Song K, Wen Z, et al. Seasonal characterization of CDOM for lakes in semiarid regions of Northeast China using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) [J]. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2015,12(7):5725-5756.
[37]
Stedmon C A, Markager S. Resolving The Variability In Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence In A Temperate Estuary And Its Catchment Using Parafac Analysis [J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 2005,50(2):686-697.
Lee R E. Phycology [J]. Acta Psychol, 1999,21(2):120-180.
[40]
Dotson A, Westerhoff P. Occurrence and removal of amino acids during drinking water treatment [J]. Journal-American Water Works Association, 2009,101(9):101-115.
[41]
Myklestad S M. Dissolved Organic Carbon from Phytoplankton [J]. Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2005,5d:111-148.
[42]
Widrig D L, Gray K A, Mcauliffe K S. Removal of algal-derived organic material by preozonation and coagulation: Monitoring changes in organic quality by pyrolysis-GC-MS [J]. Water Research, 1996,30(11):2621-2632.